The NCSU Soundings IMPACTS dataset consists of atmospheric sounding data collected by the North Carolina State University student sounding club. These data include vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction. These rawinsondes were launched from Raleigh, NC in support of the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2022). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The sounding data files are available in netCDF-4 format for February 20, 2020.

The SBU Mobile Sounding IMPACTS dataset consists of mobile sounding profiles collected during the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) campaign. Funded by NASA’s Earth Venture program, IMPACTS is the first comprehensive study of East Coast snowstorms in 30 years. Mobile sounding profiles were obtained about every three hours during snow events by the Stony Brook University (SBU). The sounding measures temperature, humidity, height, and horizontal wind direction and speed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure is calculated from GPS height. Data files are available from January 18, 2020 through February 27, 2020 in netCDF-3 format.

*Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version.* The dataset contains three MSU channel-based, monthly gridded atmospheric layer temperature Climate Data Records generated by merging nine NOAA polar orbiting satellites, TRIOS-N and NOAA-6 through NOAA-14. These are temperatures of middle-troposphere (TMT), upper-troposphere (TUT, also known as temperature troposphere stratosphere), and lower-stratosphere (TLS), corresponding to measurements from MSU channels 2, 3, and 4, respectively. These products have global coverage with a 2.5 latitudes by 2.5 longitude grid resolution. Time period is from November 1978 through September 2006. Adjustments of observations included limb-adjustment, diurnal drift corrections, warm target temperature effect, and residual inter-satellite bias removal.

Physical oceanographic data were collected from NOAA Navigation Response Team-4 in the Great Lakes from 05 July 2007 to 25 September 2007. Sound velocity profiles were collected from sound velocimeter casts. Data are self documenting and are in plain ASCII text.

The NOAA Radiosonde Observations Data Set contains data that were extracted from the NOAA operational analysis system and transmitted to the FIS. Data are available from July 1985 to October 1988, there are 1123 days of data during this period with data at twelve hour intervals. These data were collected using sondes released in Dodge City and Topeka, Kansas, 337 km and 68 km, respectively, from the FIFE site. Radiosonde observations were made to determine the pressure, temperature, and humidity from the surface to the point where the sounding was terminated.

The GOES IMPACTS dataset consists of single reflective band radiance products from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-16 geostationary satellite. These data were collected in support of the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign. IMPACTS was a three-year sequence of winter season deployments conducted to study snowstorms over the U.S Atlantic Coast (2020-2023). The campaign aimed to (1) Provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; (2) Examine how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and (3) Improve snowfall remote sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance prediction capabilities. The GOES IMPACTS dataset files are available in netCDF-4 format from January 1 through February 29, 2020. This dataset contains data from the GOES-16 CONUS and Mesoscale sectors, although IMPACTS uses a subset of the GOES-16 CONUS domain. The complete collection of GOES data is available from the NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-Data Stewardship System (CLASS). It should be noted that this dataset will be updated in subsequent years of the IMPACTS campaign.