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Observed Presence of Alien and Invasive Algae, 2000-2013 - Hawaii
Due to the geographic isolation of the Hawaiian Islands, close to 25% of Hawaii's reef fishes and red algae species are endemic. This leaves Hawaiian coral reefs particularly vulnerable to alien invasions due to their valuable role as a biodiversity resource. Invasive algae can pose a serious threat to coral reefs by spreading and growing rapidly, smothering or outcompeting corals and other organisms. This can significantly alter the structure and function of the reef ecosystem. Four species of alien red algae have become invasive in Hawaii: prickly seaweed (Acanthophora spicifera), hookweed (Hypnea musciformis), smothering seaweed (Kappaphycus spp.), and gorilla ogo (Gracilaria salicornia). This raster data layer represents the presence of alien and invasive algal species within 1 km of an observation. Invasive algae data originated from monitoring surveys in the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory (FERL) Hawaii Fish and Benthic Biological Synthesis Database (2000-2013), which is synthesized from NOAA, State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR), Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC), as well as invasive algae surveys conducted across the state in 2002 by Dr. Jennifer Smith (Smith et al., 2002). These data should be considered presence only. Areas with no presence may be due to lack of survey data, surveys that did not identify algae to the species level, or observed absence. Point data for transects with observed presence of any invasive algae were assigned a value of 1 and converted to raster with 500-m pixel size. To account for uncertainty in geographic position and the fragmentation and spread of algae, the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project estimated presence within a 1-km radius of observed invasive algae presence. A Focal Statistics tool was run to calculate the maximum value within a 1-km radius of each pixel with the assumption that if an invasive algae was observed in one location it is likely present in at least the surrounding 1 km of reef area. Final raster values of 1 represent areas within 1 km of positive invasive algae observations while values of 0 represent the remaining area. The geographic extent of the data layer is from the shoreline of the Main Hawaiian Islands extending 5 km offshore and 1 km inshore.
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Marine alien and/or invasive algae species surveys, Hawaii state-wide in 2000 and Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii during 2000-2002 (NCEI Accession 0001007)
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Baseline surveys were conducted at numerous sites around each island, including those identified as "hotspots" by the Department of Aquatic Resources, around the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu and Kauai. A total of 72 sites with 13 in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu alone. Alien and/or invasive algal abundance were ranked on a scale of 0 to 10 (0=0% cover, 10=100% cover) and includes habitat type (e.g., sand, lava bench, coral, rock, artificial substrate) and pertinent environmental correlates (e.g., depth, proximity to shore) at each site where invasive species are encountered. Sites where alien species presence have been documented in the past were resurveyed.
Lanai Nonindigenous Marine Species Surveys 2005 (NODC Accession 0002650)
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A baseline survey of the marine biota of the island of Lanai was conducted in May 2005. This was first comprehensive study that has been made on this island for all components of its marine nearshore community. Samples and observations were taken at seven sites around the island, and all macroalgae, macroinvertebrates and fish species collected or observed were recorded. On-site observations without collections were made at two other sites. Identified species were designated as native, nonindigenous (introduced) or cryptogenic (neither demonstrably native nor introduced) according to criteria used for previous introduced species surveys in Hawaii. A total of 294 taxa were observed or identified from collected specimens, which included 16 introduced or cryptogenic species and three new reports for the Hawaiian Islands. The 16 introduced and cryptogenic species comprised 5.4% of the total identified taxa and included seven cnidarians, one polychaete, two pericards, one decapod, one bryozoan, two ascidians and three fish. By station, the introduced/cryptogenic component ranged 3 to 7 species and 3.8% to 6.8% of the total biota. The stations included two sites at or near Kaumalapau Harbor, Lanai's principal harbor for inter-island shipping. The percent component values are similar to those that have been determined on ocean-exposed reef areas elsewhere in the Hawaiian Islands but the harbor value is well below the values in other Hawaiian harbors that are more isolated from open ocean circulation than Kaumalapau Harbor. No invasive introduced algae and only two invasive introduced inverterbrates were found on the surveys. These were a single colony of the octocoral Carijoa riisei in the vicinity of Cathedrals between Manele Bay and Harbor, and a single stomatopod Gonodactylaceous falcatus at the site closest to Manele Harbor.
Species composition, diversity, and biomass in marine habitats and sub-habitats around offshore islets in the main Hawaiian islands, 2007-04-02 to 2007-09-20 (NCEI Accession 0042684)
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The marine algae, invertebrate and fish communities were surveyed at ten islet or offshore island sites in the Main Hawaiian Islands in the vicinity of Lanai, (Puu Pehe and Poo Poo Islets), Maui (Kaemi and Hulu Islets and the outer rim of Molokini), off Kaulapapa National Historic Park on Molokai (Mokapu, Okala and Namoku Islets) and Oahu (Kaohikaipu Islet and outside Kapapa Island) in 2007. Survey protocol at all sites consisted of an initial reconnaissance survey on which all algae, invertebrates and fishes that could be identified on site were listed and or photographed and collections of algae and invertebrates were collected for later laboratory identification. Following the reconnaissance surveys, quantitative estimates of coral and algal coverage and size and biomass of fishes along 25 m transects were conducted at each site and their locations were recorded using GPS. The original data are primarily provided as MS Excel spreadsheets with associated reports as .doc and .pdf files. Supplementary data is provided as .dbf files to use in a GIS. Associated data, primarily .jpg image data files, are filed under NCEI Accession 0043046.
A survey of the marine biota of the island of Lanai, Hawaii, to determine the presence and impact of marine non-indigenous and cryptogenic species, February - March 2005 (NCEI Accession 0002650)
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A baseline survey of the marine biota of the island of Lanai was conducted in May 2005. This was first comprehensive study that has been made on this island for all components of its marine nearshore community. Samples and observations were taken at seven sites around the island, and all macroalgae, macroinvertebrates and fish species collected or observed were recorded. On-site observations without collections were made at two other sites. Identified species were designated as native, nonindigenous (introduced) or cryptogenic (neither demonstrably native nor introduced) according to criteria used for previous introduced species surveys in Hawaii. A total of 294 taxa were observed or identified from collected specimens, which included 16 introduced or cryptogenic species and three new reports for the Hawaiian Islands. The 16 introduced and cryptogenic species comprised 5.4% of the total identified taxa and included seven cnidarians, one polychaete, two pericards, one decapod, one bryozoan, two ascidians and three fish. By station, the introduced/cryptogenic component ranged 3 to 7 species and 3.8% to 6.8% of the total biota. The stations included two sites at or near Kaumalapau Harbor, Lanai's principal harbor for inter-island shipping. The percent component values are similar to those that have been determined on ocean-exposed reef areas elsewhere in the Hawaiian Islands but the harbor value is well below the values in other Hawaiian harbors that are more isolated from open ocean circulation than Kaumalapau Harbor. No invasive introduced algae and only two invasive introduced invertebrates were found on the surveys. These were a single colony of the octocoral Carijoa riisei in the vicinity of Cathedrals between Manele Bay and Harbor, and a single stomatopod Gonodactylaceous falcatus at the site closest to Manele Harbor.
Reef community structure, Sand Island, Oahu HI, (NODC Accession 0000177)
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These reports provide the results of nine years (1990-98) of an annual quantitative monitoring of shallow marine communities inshore of the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii. This monitoring effort focuses on benthic and fish community structure and is designed to detect changes in these communities. Marine communities offshore of Honolulu have received considerable perturbation over the last 100 years. Dumping of raw sewage in shallow water, which occurred from 1955 to 1977, was halted in 1978; however, point and nonpoint sources of pollution from both urban activities and industry continue. All of these disturbances may serve to obscure any impacts that may be caused by treated effluent discharged from the deep-ocean outfall. The marine communities show a considerable range in development that is probably related to historical impacts. Stations have been located to take advantage of these gradients. Analysis of the nine years of data showed that there has been no statistically significant change in any of the biological parameters measured in this study other than for the mean number of invertebrate species and numbers of individual invertebrates encountered per transect. In these cases the data for 1998 showed significantly greater numbers of species and individuals over other years. These changes are probably the result of higher than usual counts of the Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus, as well as just more invertebrate species present at most stations.
CRED REA Algal Assessments, Maro Reef, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 2003 (NODC Accession 0010352)
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Twelve quadrats were sampled along 2 consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 9 sites at Maro Reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in July 2003 from the NOAA vessel Oscar Elton Sette (OES03-06). Raw survey data included genus presence and relative abundance, and voucher specimens. Detailed taxonomic analyses of voucher specimens are presented.
CRED REA Algal Assessments at Maro Reef, NW Hawaiian Islands in 2006
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Twelve quadrats were sampled along 2 consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines, as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments, conducted at 9 sites at Maro Reef in the NW Hawaiian Islands from 1 September - 4 October 2006, aboard the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai, during the Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI0611. Raw survey data included genus presence and relative abundance, and voucher specimens. Detailed taxonomic analyses of voucher specimens are presented.
CRED REA Algal Assessments at Hawaii, Main Hawaiian Islands in 2006
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Twelve quadrats were sampled along 2 consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines, as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments, conducted at 17 sites at Hawaii in the Main Hawaiian Islands from July 27 - August 20 2006, aboard the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai, during the Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI0610. Raw survey data included genus presence and relative abundance, and voucher specimens. Detailed taxonomic analyses of voucher specimens are presented.
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