South Wallowas mule deer winter ranges are dispersed across areas of low elevation near the Idaho border. During spring, mule deer wintering north of Powder River and Pyles Canyon migrate to Catherine Creek and the Wallowa Mountains within the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. Interstate 84 creates a complete barrier to southern movement for the South Wallowas herd. Mule deer wintering in areas near Interstate 84, Lawrence Creek, and Manning Creek are largely residents with only two migratory mule deer traveling to Little Lookout Mountain and Thief Valley Reservoir. Other mule deer reside along Snake River, which forms the Idaho border. One mule deer crosses Snake River south of the Powder River headwaters, migrating 24.46 mi (39.36 km) to Weiser River north of Cambridge, Idaho. Their winter range primarily consists of sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland, while summer ranges contain big sagebrush with spruce, quaking aspen, and mixed-conifer forests. Mule deer tend to avoid the lowest elevation areas near Lower Powder Valley and Richland and Durkee, Oregon, instead preferring to winter at an average elevation of 3,435 ft (1,047 m), with average summer range elevations of 5,185 ft (1,580 m). The South Wallowas herd transverses the Keating WMU, which was included in the 2015 Oregon Mule Deer Initiative (ODFW, 2020). Since then, ODFW has removed 159 acres (64 ha) of western juniper, reseeded 203 acres (82 ha) for native shrubs and grasses, and thinned 265 acres (107 ha) of timber stands. The impact these habitat improvements had on population number was reduced when in 2017, January snow depth exceeded 30 in (76 cm) in mule deer winter ranges and average overwinter fawn survival dropped to 24 percent, although fawn survival has since returned to 77 percent in 2018–2021 (ODFW, 2021). These mapping layers show the location of the stopovers for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the South Wallowas population in Oregon. They were developed from 64 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 27 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.

South Wallowas mule deer winter ranges are dispersed across areas of low elevation near the Idaho border. During spring, mule deer wintering north of Powder River and Pyles Canyon migrate to Catherine Creek and the Wallowa Mountains within the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. Interstate 84 creates a complete barrier to southern movement for the South Wallowas herd. Mule deer wintering in areas near Interstate 84, Lawrence Creek, and Manning Creek are largely residents with only two migratory mule deer traveling to Little Lookout Mountain and Thief Valley Reservoir. Other mule deer reside along Snake River, which forms the Idaho border. One mule deer crosses Snake River south of the Powder River headwaters, migrating 24.46 mi (39.36 km) to Weiser River north of Cambridge, Idaho. Their winter range primarily consists of sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland, while summer ranges contain big sagebrush with spruce, quaking aspen, and mixed-conifer forests. Mule deer tend to avoid the lowest elevation areas near Lower Powder Valley and Richland and Durkee, Oregon, instead preferring to winter at an average elevation of 3,435 ft (1,047 m), with average summer range elevations of 5,185 ft (1,580 m). The South Wallowas herd transverses the Keating WMU, which was included in the 2015 Oregon Mule Deer Initiative (ODFW, 2020). Since then, ODFW has removed 159 acres (64 ha) of western juniper, reseeded 203 acres (82 ha) for native shrubs and grasses, and thinned 265 acres (107 ha) of timber stands. The impact these habitat improvements had on population number was reduced when in 2017, January snow depth exceeded 30 in (76 cm) in mule deer winter ranges and average overwinter fawn survival dropped to 24 percent, although fawn survival has since returned to 77 percent in 2018–2021 (ODFW, 2021). These mapping layers show the location of the migration corridors for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the South Wallowas population in Oregon. They were developed from 64 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 27 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.

South Wallowas mule deer winter ranges are dispersed across areas of low elevation near the Idaho border. During spring, mule deer wintering north of Powder River and Pyles Canyon migrate to Catherine Creek and the Wallowa Mountains within the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. Interstate 84 creates a complete barrier to southern movement for the South Wallowas herd. Mule deer wintering in areas near Interstate 84, Lawrence Creek, and Manning Creek are largely residents with only two migratory mule deer traveling to Little Lookout Mountain and Thief Valley Reservoir. Other mule deer reside along Snake River, which forms the Idaho border. One mule deer crosses Snake River south of the Powder River headwaters, migrating 24.46 mi (39.36 km) to Weiser River north of Cambridge, Idaho. Their winter range primarily consists of sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland, while summer ranges contain big sagebrush with spruce, quaking aspen, and mixed-conifer forests. Mule deer tend to avoid the lowest elevation areas near Lower Powder Valley and Richland and Durkee, Oregon, instead preferring to winter at an average elevation of 3,435 ft (1,047 m), with average summer range elevations of 5,185 ft (1,580 m). The South Wallowas herd transverses the Keating WMU, which was included in the 2015 Oregon Mule Deer Initiative (ODFW, 2020). Since then, ODFW has removed 159 acres (64 ha) of western juniper, reseeded 203 acres (82 ha) for native shrubs and grasses, and thinned 265 acres (107 ha) of timber stands. The impact these habitat improvements had on population number was reduced when in 2017, January snow depth exceeded 30 in (76 cm) in mule deer winter ranges and average overwinter fawn survival dropped to 24 percent, although fawn survival has since returned to 77 percent in 2018–2021 (ODFW, 2021). These mapping layers show the location of the migration corridors for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the South Wallowas population in Oregon. They were developed from 64 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 27 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.

South Wallowas mule deer winter ranges are dispersed across areas of low elevation near the Idaho border. During spring, mule deer wintering north of Powder River and Pyles Canyon migrate to Catherine Creek and the Wallowa Mountains within the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. Interstate 84 creates a complete barrier to southern movement for the South Wallowas herd. Mule deer wintering in areas near Interstate 84, Lawrence Creek, and Manning Creek are largely residents with only two migratory mule deer traveling to Little Lookout Mountain and Thief Valley Reservoir. Other mule deer reside along Snake River, which forms the Idaho border. One mule deer crosses Snake River south of the Powder River headwaters, migrating 24.46 mi (39.36 km) to Weiser River north of Cambridge, Idaho. Their winter range primarily consists of sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland, while summer ranges contain big sagebrush with spruce, quaking aspen, and mixed-conifer forests. Mule deer tend to avoid the lowest elevation areas near Lower Powder Valley and Richland and Durkee, Oregon, instead preferring to winter at an average elevation of 3,435 ft (1,047 m), with average summer range elevations of 5,185 ft (1,580 m). The South Wallowas herd transverses the Keating WMU, which was included in the 2015 Oregon Mule Deer Initiative (ODFW, 2020). Since then, ODFW has removed 159 acres (64 ha) of western juniper, reseeded 203 acres (82 ha) for native shrubs and grasses, and thinned 265 acres (107 ha) of timber stands. The impact these habitat improvements had on population number was reduced when in 2017, January snow depth exceeded 30 in (76 cm) in mule deer winter ranges and average overwinter fawn survival dropped to 24 percent, although fawn survival has since returned to 77 percent in 2018–2021 (ODFW, 2021). These mapping layers show the location of the winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the South Wallowas population in Oregon. They were developed from 86 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 56 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.

South Wallowas mule deer winter ranges are dispersed across areas of low elevation near the Idaho border. During spring, mule deer wintering north of Powder River and Pyles Canyon migrate to Catherine Creek and the Wallowa Mountains within the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. Interstate 84 creates a complete barrier to southern movement for the South Wallowas herd. Mule deer wintering in areas near Interstate 84, Lawrence Creek, and Manning Creek are largely residents with only two migratory mule deer traveling to Little Lookout Mountain and Thief Valley Reservoir. Other mule deer reside along Snake River, which forms the Idaho border. One mule deer crosses Snake River south of the Powder River headwaters, migrating 24.46 mi (39.36 km) to Weiser River north of Cambridge, Idaho. Their winter range primarily consists of sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland, while summer ranges contain big sagebrush with spruce, quaking aspen, and mixed-conifer forests. Mule deer tend to avoid the lowest elevation areas near Lower Powder Valley and Richland and Durkee, Oregon, instead preferring to winter at an average elevation of 3,435 ft (1,047 m), with average summer range elevations of 5,185 ft (1,580 m). The South Wallowas herd transverses the Keating WMU, which was included in the 2015 Oregon Mule Deer Initiative (ODFW, 2020). Since then, ODFW has removed 159 acres (64 ha) of western juniper, reseeded 203 acres (82 ha) for native shrubs and grasses, and thinned 265 acres (107 ha) of timber stands. The impact these habitat improvements had on population number was reduced when in 2017, January snow depth exceeded 30 in (76 cm) in mule deer winter ranges and average overwinter fawn survival dropped to 24 percent, although fawn survival has since returned to 77 percent in 2018–2021 (ODFW, 2021). These mapping layers show the location of the winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the South Wallowas population in Oregon. They were developed from 86 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 56 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.

Most of the Southeast mule deer herd winters along the Owyhee River in regions containing sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland mixed with non-native annual grasslands. These mule deer either migrate west to summer ranges on Road Canyon and Gravel Ridges or east to the Owyhee Mountains along the Idaho border, with one mule deer migrating as far as Bald Mountain, 38.3 mi (61.6 km) into Idaho. Summer ranges feature shrubland, Columbia Basin grasslands, western juniper, and evergreen forests. In 2014, the Buzzard Complex fires burned 398,596 acres (161,306 ha), including Road Canyon, allowing medusahead and other non-native grasses to invade areas with originally low perennial plant abundance. Five mule deer winter separately near U.S. Route 95, in areas containing higher percentages of western juniper. In the spring, they travel southeast into Nevada to summer on the Santa Rosa Range, with one mule deer migrating to the Tuscarora Mountains. Of the Southeast mule deer that were tracked for at least 100 days, 82 percent migrate seasonally, with several moving to summer ranges in different states, complicating issues of population management. The Southeast mule deer herd faces several challenges, including highways and the low abundance of preferred browse. The northeastern section of U.S. Route 95 had an AADT value of 2,007 vehicles in 2018 and intersects multiple migration corridors, with mule deer commonly crossing the highway along Succor Creek and Rock Creek Flat. In summer, Southeast mule deer spend more time in riparian zones and must compete with grazing cattle in the Owyhee Mountains for high-quality forage during drought years when natural water sources evaporate. These mapping layers show the location of the stopovers for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Southeast population in Oregon. They were developed from 140 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 37 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.

Most of the Southeast mule deer herd winters along the Owyhee River in regions containing sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland mixed with non-native annual grasslands. These mule deer either migrate west to summer ranges on Road Canyon and Gravel Ridges or east to the Owyhee Mountains along the Idaho border, with one mule deer migrating as far as Bald Mountain, 38.3 mi (61.6 km) into Idaho. Summer ranges feature shrubland, Columbia Basin grasslands, western juniper, and evergreen forests. In 2014, the Buzzard Complex fires burned 398,596 acres (161,306 ha), including Road Canyon, allowing medusahead and other non-native grasses to invade areas with originally low perennial plant abundance. Five mule deer winter separately near U.S. Route 95, in areas containing higher percentages of western juniper. In the spring, they travel southeast into Nevada to summer on the Santa Rosa Range, with one mule deer migrating to the Tuscarora Mountains. Of the Southeast mule deer that were tracked for at least 100 days, 82 percent migrate seasonally, with several moving to summer ranges in different states, complicating issues of population management. The Southeast mule deer herd faces several challenges, including highways and the low abundance of preferred browse. The northeastern section of U.S. Route 95 had an AADT value of 2,007 vehicles in 2018 and intersects multiple migration corridors, with mule deer commonly crossing the highway along Succor Creek and Rock Creek Flat. In summer, Southeast mule deer spend more time in riparian zones and must compete with grazing cattle in the Owyhee Mountains for high-quality forage during drought years when natural water sources evaporate. These mapping layers show the location of the stopovers for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Southeast population in Oregon. They were developed from 140 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 37 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.

The Deschutes mule deer herd winters near Deep Canyon, the Deschutes River, and U.S. Highway 20 in areas dominated by western juniper, ponderosa pine, and big sagebrush. In spring, mule deer migrate southwest to summer ranges near Wickiup Reservoir, Mount Bachelor, and Oregon Route 242. These summer ranges are covered by mixed-conifer forests including ponderosa pine, Abies amabilis (pacific silver fir), Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock), and lodgepole pine. Winter ranges are frequented by small wildfires, which help improve habitat quality by reducing canopy cover, thereby promoting the growth of palatable shrubs and forbs. Most of this region is forested with some scattered patches of sagebrush-steppe. Mule deer tend to migrate along the wide, steep-sloped Deschutes River rather than attempting to cross, creating a high-use corridor where multiple migratory paths overlap on the western side of the Deschutes River. In addition to western juniper encroachment, Deschutes mule deer are also affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Multiple mule deer traverse or have seasonal ranges adjacent to a 32-mi (51-km) stretch of U.S. Highway 20, which recorded 155 DVCs (all local deer species) on average each year between 2010 and 2022 (ODOT, 2023). Several mule deer winter ranges also overlap agricultural land in low-elevation areas where hay, grain, chickpeas, and grass seed are economically important crops. These mapping layers show the location of the winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Deschutes population in Oregon. They were developed from 37 winter sequences collected from a sample size of 17 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 2-5 hours.

The Deschutes mule deer herd winters near Deep Canyon, the Deschutes River, and U.S. Highway 20 in areas dominated by western juniper, ponderosa pine, and big sagebrush. In spring, mule deer migrate southwest to summer ranges near Wickiup Reservoir, Mount Bachelor, and Oregon Route 242. These summer ranges are covered by mixed-conifer forests including ponderosa pine, Abies amabilis (pacific silver fir), Tsuga mertensiana (mountain hemlock), and lodgepole pine. Winter ranges are frequented by small wildfires, which help improve habitat quality by reducing canopy cover, thereby promoting the growth of palatable shrubs and forbs. Most of this region is forested with some scattered patches of sagebrush-steppe. Mule deer tend to migrate along the wide, steep-sloped Deschutes River rather than attempting to cross, creating a high-use corridor where multiple migratory paths overlap on the western side of the Deschutes River. In addition to western juniper encroachment, Deschutes mule deer are also affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Multiple mule deer traverse or have seasonal ranges adjacent to a 32-mi (51-km) stretch of U.S. Highway 20, which recorded 155 DVCs (all local deer species) on average each year between 2010 and 2022 (ODOT, 2023). Several mule deer winter ranges also overlap agricultural land in low-elevation areas where hay, grain, chickpeas, and grass seed are economically important crops. These mapping layers show the location of the winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Deschutes population in Oregon. They were developed from 37 winter sequences collected from a sample size of 17 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 2-5 hours.

Most of the Southeast mule deer herd winters along the Owyhee River in regions containing sagebrush communities and Columbia Basin grassland mixed with non-native annual grasslands. These mule deer either migrate west to summer ranges on Road Canyon and Gravel Ridges or east to the Owyhee Mountains along the Idaho border, with one mule deer migrating as far as Bald Mountain, 38.3 mi (61.6 km) into Idaho. Summer ranges feature shrubland, Columbia Basin grasslands, western juniper, and evergreen forests. In 2014, the Buzzard Complex fires burned 398,596 acres (161,306 ha), including Road Canyon, allowing medusahead and other non-native grasses to invade areas with originally low perennial plant abundance. Five mule deer winter separately near U.S. Route 95, in areas containing higher percentages of western juniper. In the spring, they travel southeast into Nevada to summer on the Santa Rosa Range, with one mule deer migrating to the Tuscarora Mountains. Of the Southeast mule deer that were tracked for at least 100 days, 82 percent migrate seasonally, with several moving to summer ranges in different states, complicating issues of population management. The Southeast mule deer herd faces several challenges, including highways and the low abundance of preferred browse. The northeastern section of U.S. Route 95 had an AADT value of 2,007 vehicles in 2018 and intersects multiple migration corridors, with mule deer commonly crossing the highway along Succor Creek and Rock Creek Flat. In summer, Southeast mule deer spend more time in riparian zones and must compete with grazing cattle in the Owyhee Mountains for high-quality forage during drought years when natural water sources evaporate. These mapping layers show the location of the winter ranges for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Southeast population in Oregon. They were developed from 63 migration sequences collected from a sample size of 34 animals comprising GPS locations collected every 5−13 hours.