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Probabilistic Fault Diagnosis in Electrical Power Systems
Electrical power systems play a critical role in spacecraft and aircraft. This paper discusses our development of a diagnostic capability for an electrical power system testbed, ADAPT, using probabilistic techniques. In the context of ADAPT, we present two challenges, regarding modelling and real-time performance, often encountered in real-world diagnostic applications. To meet the modelling challenge, we discuss our novel high-level specification language which supports auto-generation of Bayesian networks. To meet the real-time challenge, we compile Bayesian networks into arithmetic circuits. Arithmetic circuits typically have small footprints and are optimized for the real-time avionics systems found in spacecraft and aircraft. Using our approach, we present how Bayesian networks with over 400 nodes are auto-generated and then compiled into arithmetic circuits. Using real-world data from ADAPT as well as simulated data, we obtain average inference times smaller than one millisecond when computing diagnostic queries using arithmetic circuits that model our real-world electrical power system. Reference: O. J. Mengshoel, A. Darwiche, K. Cascio, M. Chavira, S. Poll, and S. Uckun, “Diagnosing Faults in Electrical Power Systems of Spacecraft and Aircraft”, In Proc. of the Twentieth Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Conference (IAAI-08), Chicago, IL, 2008. BibTex Reference: @inproceedings{mengshoel08diagnosing, author = {Mengshoel, O. J. and Darwiche, A. and Cascio, K. and Chavira, M. and Poll, S. and Uckun, S.}, title = {Diagnosing Faults in Electrical Power Systems of Spacecraft and Aircraft}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twentieth Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI-08)}, pages = {1699--1705}, address = {Chicago, IL}, year = {2008} }
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A Combined Model-Based and Data-Driven Prognostic Approach for Aircraft System Life Management
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Failure prognosis - as a natural extension to the fault detection and isolation (FDI) problem - has become a key issue in a world where the economic impact of system reliability and cost-effective operation of critical assets is steadily increasing. Failure prognostic algorithms aim to characterize the evolution of incipient fault conditions in complex dynamic processes, thus allowing to estimate of the remaining useful life (RUL) of subsystems and components. Several examples can be used here to illustrate the range of possible applications for these algorithms: electro-mechanical systems, continuous-time manufacturing processes, structural damage analysis, and even fault tolerant software architectures. Most of them have in common the fact that they are highly complex, nonlinear, and affected by large-grain uncertainty. We introduce in this chapter an integrated failure prognosis architecture that is applicable to a variety of aircraft systems and industrial processes. We are targeting a specific rotorcraft system as a prototypical testbed for proof-of-concept. The overall architecture consists of an on-board and an off-board module for eventual on-platformimplementation purposes.
Prognostics of Power Electronics, methods and validation testbeds
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An overview of the current results of prognostics for DC- DC power converters is presented, focusing on the output filter capacitor component. The electrolytic capacitor used typically as fileter capacitor is one of the components of the power supply with higher failure rate, hence the effort in devel- oping component level prognostics methods for capacitors. An overview of prognostics algorithms based on electrical overstress and thermal overstress accelerated aging data is presented and a discussion on the current efforts in terms of validation of the algorithms is included. The focus of current and future work is to develop a methodology that allows for algoritm development using accelerated aging data and then transform that to a valid algorithm on the real usage time scale.
Improving Diagnosability of Hybrid Systems through Active Diagnosis
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Fault diagnosis is key to ensuring system safety through fault-adaptive control. This task is diffcult in hybrid systems with combined continuous and discrete behaviors because mode changes make diagnosability hard to achieve. Including additional sensors can improve diagnosability, but that is not always feasible. An alternative strategy is active diagnosis, where we improve the diagnosis result by executing or blocking controllable events. We present a qualitative, event-based approach to active diagnosis of hybrid systems, where we automatically synthesize event-based diagnosers for hybrid systems that can determine if the system is diagnosable through passive or active diagnosis. We apply our active diagnosis scheme to a real-world electrical power distribution system.
An Event-based Approach to Hybrid Systems Diagnosability
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Diagnosability is an important issue in the design of diagnostic systems, because it helps identify whether sufficient information is available to distinguish all the faults. Diagnosability of hybrid systems, however, is challenging, because mode transitions may occur during fault isolation. We present an event-based framework for hybrid systems diagnosis based on a qualitative abstraction of measurement deviations from nominal behavior. We derive event-based fault models that describe the possible measurement deviations sequences due to faults, which, coupled with the mode transition structure of the system, are used to automatically synthesize an event-based diagnoser for hybrid systems. We introduce notions of diagnosability for hybrid systems and show how the event-based diagnoser can be used to verify the diagnosability of the system. We apply our diagnosability analysis scheme to a real-world electrical power distribution system.
Automated Contingency Management for Propulsion Systems
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Increasing demand for improved reliability and survivability of mission-critical systems is driving the development of health monitoring and Automated Contingency Management (ACM) systems. An ACM system is expected to adapt autonomously to fault conditions with the goal of still achieving mission objectives by allowing some degradation in system performance within permissible limits. ACM performance depends on supporting technologies like sensors and anomaly detection, diagnostic/prognostic and reasoning algorithms. This paper presents the development of a generic prototype test bench software framework for developing and validating ACM systems for advanced propulsion systems called the Propulsion ACM (PACM) Test Bench. The architecture has been implemented for a Monopropellant Propulsion System (MPS) to demonstrate the validity of the approach. A Simulink model of the MPS has been developed along with a fault injection module. It has been shown that the ACM system is capable of mitigating the failures by searching for an optimal strategy. Furthermore, few relevant experiments have been presented to show proof of concepts.
Prognostics of Power MOSFET
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This paper demonstrates how to apply prognostics to power MOSFETs (metal oxide field effect transistor). The methodology uses thermal cycling to age devices and Gaussian process regression to perform prognostics. The approach is validated with experiments on 100V power MOSFETs. The failure mechanism for the stress conditions is determined to be die-attachment degradation. Change in ON-state resistance is used as a precursor of failure due to its dependence on junction temperature. The experimental data is augmented with a finite element analysis simulation that is based on a two-transistor model. The simulation assists in the interpretation of the degradation phenomena and SOA (safe operation area) change.
Bayesian Framework Approach for Prognostic Studies in Electrolytic Capacitor under Thermal Overstress Conditions
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Electrolytic capacitors are used in several applications rang- ing from power supplies for safety critical avionics equipment to power drivers for electro-mechanical actuators. Past expe- riences show that capacitors tend to degrade and fail faster when subjected to high electrical or thermal stress condi- tions during operations. This makes them good candidates for prognostics and health management. Model-based prognos- tics captures system knowledge in the form of physics-based models of components in order to obtain accurate predictions of end of life based on their current state of health and their anticipated future use and operational conditions. The focus of this paper is on deriving first principles degradation mod- els for thermal stress conditions and implementing Bayesian framework for making remaining useful life predictions. Data collected from simultaneous experiments are used to validate the models. Our overall goal is to derive accurate models of capacitor degradation, and use them to remaining useful life in DC-DC converters.
산업통상자원부 전력기기류 운영 정보
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전력기기류(송전선로, 변전소, 배전기기 등 송변전 설비 및 이를 지지하거나 수용하는 시설물 포함)에 대한 운영 매뉴얼 제공
Improving Multiple Fault Diagnosability using Possible Conflicts
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Multiple fault diagnosis is a difficult problem for dynamic systems. Due to fault masking, compensation, and relative time of fault occurrence, multiple faults can manifest in many different ways as observable fault signature sequences. This decreases diagnosability of multiple faults, and therefore leads to a loss in effectiveness of the fault isolation step. We develop a qualitative, event-based, multiple fault isolation framework, and derive several notions of multiple fault diagnosability. We show that using Possible Conflicts, a model decomposition technique that decouples faults from residuals, we can significantly improve the diagnosability of multiple faults compared to an approach using a single global model. We demonstrate these concepts and provide results using a multi-tank system as a case study.
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