These data were compiled to investigate the evolutionary history of Astragalus iselyi, A. sabulosus var. sabulosus, and A. sabulosus var. vehiculus. The data release consists of six text files. One file is a bash script (astragalus_MLE_msms.sh) for generating simulated genetic data. Four files contain individual-level (astragalus.fasta, astragalus.nothin.recode.vcf, astragalus.recode.vcf) or population-level (astragalus_dadi.txt) information on genetic variation. One file contains sampling site-specific data for various soil and climatic variables (astragalus_env.txt). The .vcf files contain the full sequence information that is contained in the other files, but the file structures vary based on the programs used for analysis. These files may be opened and edited in a text editor program, such as Notepad ++ (PC) or BBEdit (Mac). The .vcf file can be loaded into the Stacks population program (Catchen et al. 2013) or VCFtools (Danecek et al. 2011) to calculate genetic diversity statistics (astragalus.nothin.recode.vcf contains multiple genetic variants per locus, whereas astragalus.recode.vcf contains only one genetic variant per locus).The astragalus_dadi.txt file can be used as an input file with the program dadi (Gutenkunst et al. 2009) to infer population history. Finally, astragalus.fasta can be loaded as an input file into RAxML (Stamatakis 2008) to perform phylogenetic analyses.

These data were compiled to support effective conservation for species within Astragalus sect. Humillimi. Two species, A. cremnophylax var. cremnophylax and A. humillimus are federally listed as endangered taxa. The data provided herein were used to resolve the relationaships among taxa, the population structure within taxa, and genetic diversity within taxa. The data are provided in a STRUCTURE-formatted file that includes taxa, individuals, sampling localities, and the genotype scores per individual for 690 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs).

ASCIIdata Files containing spectral data in ASCII text format: - measured spectra (ASCIIdata_splib07a.zip), including wavelength positions and bandpass (Full-Width at Half-Maximum; FWHM) values of channels in the spectrometers utilized - spectra interpolated to a higher number of more finely-spaced channels (ASCIIdata_splib07b.zip) - spectra convolved to other spectrometers, including the wavelength positions and bandpass (FWHM) values of the channels in the spectrometers, for example * Analytical Spectral Devices standard resolution (ASCIIdata_splib07b_cvASD.zip) * AVIRIS-Classic 2014 characteristics (ASCIIdata_splib07b_cvAVIRISc2014.zip) * Hyperspectral Mapper 2014 characteristics (ASCIIdata_splib07b_cvHYMAP2014.zip) * and others - spectra resampled to multispectral sensors, including channel wavelength positions and sensor response functions of the sensors, for example: * ASTER (ASCIIdata_splib07b_rsASTER.zip) * and others NOTE: within each zip file the ASCII data files are organized in chapter sub-folders: - ChapterM_Minerals - ChapterS_SoilsAndMixtures - ChapterC_Coatings - ChapterL_Liquids - ChapterO_OrganicCompounds - ChapterA_ArtificialMaterials - ChapterV_Vegetation GENERAL LIBRARY DESCRIPTION This data release provides the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Spectral Library Version 7 and all related documents. The library contains spectra measured with laboratory, field, and airborne spectrometers. The instruments used cover wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the far infrared (0.2 to 200 microns). Laboratory samples of specific minerals, plants, chemical compounds, and man-made materials were measured. In many cases, samples were purified, so that unique spectral features of a material can be related to its chemical structure. These spectro-chemical links are important for interpreting remotely sensed data collected in the field or from an aircraft or spacecraft. This library also contains physically-constructed as well as mathematically-computed mixtures. Measurements of rocks, soils, and natural mixtures of minerals have also been made with laboratory and field spectrometers. Spectra of plant components and vegetation plots, comprising many plant types and species with varying backgrounds, are also in this library. Measurements by airborne spectrometers are included for forested vegetation plots, in which the trees are too tall for measurement by a field spectrometer. The related U.S. Geological Survey Data Series publication, "USGS Spectral Library Version 7", describes the instruments used, metadata descriptions of spectra and samples, and possible artifacts in the spectral measurements (Kokaly and others, 2017). Four different spectrometer types were used to measure spectra in the library: (1) Beckman™ 5270 covering the spectral range 0.2 to 3 µm, (2) standard, high resolution (hi-res), and high-resolution Next Generation (hi-resNG) models of ASD field portable spectrometers covering the range from 0.35 to 2.5 µm, (3) Nicolet™ Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) interferometer spectrometers covering the range from about 1.12 to 216 µm, and (4) the NASA Airborne Visible/Infra-Red Imaging Spectrometer AVIRIS, covering the range 0.37 to 2.5 µm. Two fundamental spectrometer characteristics significant for interpreting and utilizing spectral measurements are sampling position (the wavelength position of each spectrometer channel) and bandpass (a parameter describing the wavelength interval over which each channel in a spectrometer is sensitive). Bandpass is typically reported as the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) response at each channel (in wavelength units, for example nm or micron). The linked publication (Kokaly and others, 2017), includes a comparison plot of the various spectrometers used to measure the data in this release. Data for the sampling positions and the bandpass values (for each channel in the spectrometers) are included in this data release. These data are in the SPECPR files, as separate data

ASCIIdata Files containing spectral data in ASCII text format: - measured spectra (ASCIIdata_splib07a.zip), including wavelength positions and bandpass (Full-Width at Half-Maximum; FWHM) values of channels in the spectrometers utilized - spectra interpolated to a higher number of more finely-spaced channels (ASCIIdata_splib07b.zip) - spectra convolved to other spectrometers, including the wavelength positions and bandpass (FWHM) values of the channels in the spectrometers, for example * Analytical Spectral Devices standard resolution (ASCIIdata_splib07b_cvASD.zip) * AVIRIS-Classic 2014 characteristics (ASCIIdata_splib07b_cvAVIRISc2014.zip) * Hyperspectral Mapper 2014 characteristics (ASCIIdata_splib07b_cvHYMAP2014.zip) * and others - spectra resampled to multispectral sensors, including channel wavelength positions and sensor response functions of the sensors, for example: * ASTER (ASCIIdata_splib07b_rsASTER.zip) * and others NOTE: within each zip file the ASCII data files are organized in chapter sub-folders: - ChapterM_Minerals - ChapterS_SoilsAndMixtures - ChapterC_Coatings - ChapterL_Liquids - ChapterO_OrganicCompounds - ChapterA_ArtificialMaterials - ChapterV_Vegetation GENERAL LIBRARY DESCRIPTION This data release provides the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Spectral Library Version 7 and all related documents. The library contains spectra measured with laboratory, field, and airborne spectrometers. The instruments used cover wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the far infrared (0.2 to 200 microns). Laboratory samples of specific minerals, plants, chemical compounds, and man-made materials were measured. In many cases, samples were purified, so that unique spectral features of a material can be related to its chemical structure. These spectro-chemical links are important for interpreting remotely sensed data collected in the field or from an aircraft or spacecraft. This library also contains physically-constructed as well as mathematically-computed mixtures. Measurements of rocks, soils, and natural mixtures of minerals have also been made with laboratory and field spectrometers. Spectra of plant components and vegetation plots, comprising many plant types and species with varying backgrounds, are also in this library. Measurements by airborne spectrometers are included for forested vegetation plots, in which the trees are too tall for measurement by a field spectrometer. The related U.S. Geological Survey Data Series publication, "USGS Spectral Library Version 7", describes the instruments used, metadata descriptions of spectra and samples, and possible artifacts in the spectral measurements (Kokaly and others, 2017). Four different spectrometer types were used to measure spectra in the library: (1) Beckman™ 5270 covering the spectral range 0.2 to 3 µm, (2) standard, high resolution (hi-res), and high-resolution Next Generation (hi-resNG) models of ASD field portable spectrometers covering the range from 0.35 to 2.5 µm, (3) Nicolet™ Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) interferometer spectrometers covering the range from about 1.12 to 216 µm, and (4) the NASA Airborne Visible/Infra-Red Imaging Spectrometer AVIRIS, covering the range 0.37 to 2.5 µm. Two fundamental spectrometer characteristics significant for interpreting and utilizing spectral measurements are sampling position (the wavelength position of each spectrometer channel) and bandpass (a parameter describing the wavelength interval over which each channel in a spectrometer is sensitive). Bandpass is typically reported as the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) response at each channel (in wavelength units, for example nm or micron). The linked publication (Kokaly and others, 2017), includes a comparison plot of the various spectrometers used to measure the data in this release. Data for the sampling positions and the bandpass values (for each channel in the spectrometers) are included in this data release. These data are in the SPECPR files, as separate data

Background Subtribe Artemisiinae of Tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae) is composed of 18 largely Asian genera that include the sagebrushes and mugworts. The subtribe includes the large cosmopolitan, wind-pollinated genus Artemisia, as well as several smaller genera and Seriphidium, that altogether comprise the Artemisia-group. Circumscription and taxonomic boundaries of Artemisia and the placements of these small segregate genera is currently unresolved. Results We constructed a molecular phylogeny for the subtribe using the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA analyzed with parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian criteria. The resulting tree is comprised of three major clades that correspond to the radiate genera (e.g., Arctanthemum and Dendranthema), and two clades of Artemisia species. All three clades have allied and segregate genera embedded within each. Conclusions The data support a broad concept of Artemisia s.l. that includes Neopallasia, Crossostephium, Filifolium, Seriphidium, and Sphaeromeria. However, the phylogeny excludes Elachanthemum, Kaschgaria, and Stilnolepis from the Artemisia-group. Additionally, the monophyly of the four subgenera of Artemisia is also not supported, with the exception of subg. Dracunculus. Homogamous, discoid capitula appear to have arisen in parallel four to seven times, with the loss of ray florets. Thus capitular morphology is not a reliable taxonomic character, which traditionally has been one of the defining characters.

This study generated genetic 'barcode' data using high-throughput sequencing to characterize pollen collected by the endangered rusty-patched bumblebee, Bombus affinis. Pollen samples were associated with a single Bombus affinis colony within a structure in Red Wing, Minnesota, USA, as previously described by Boone et al. (2022). This data release consists of two tab-delimited files: 1) sample.metadata.txt includes sample identifiers and accessions assigned by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the authoritative repository for publicly funded genetic data in the United States. These accessions can be used individually to obtain raw sequencing data or sample information at www.ncbi.nih.nlm.gov. Alternatively, the BioProject accession PRJNA1045705 can be searched to retrieve the full set of data and sample accessions listed in the file. Entity and attribute metadata are provided for this file. 2) taxon.counts.txt includes the inferred counts, or number of sequences, attributable to each identified taxon in each sample. Taxa are in rows and sequencing libraries are in columns. Taxa are listed by scientific name and the taxonomic rank of that scientific name. A numeric taxonomic identifier used by NCBI for each taxon is also provided, as the taxonomic identifier is unique in the NCBI databases whereas scientific names may not be. Entity and attribute data are not provided for this file due to its size and repetitive content.