Data consist of grain-size distribution by weight in grams of samples collected from the lectostratotype of the Yorktown Formation at Rushmere, Virginia, and from Pipsico Boy Scout Camp, Spring Grove, Virginia. In total, data from 45 samples is included.

Sediment grab samples were collected from one onshore location and 32 undisturbed locations along the seafloor around Seven Mile Island, New Jersey (NJ) and Rockaway Peninsula, New York (NY). The sediment grab samples were collected in May and June of 2021 at locations within the area where multibeam bathymetry surveys were also conducted during the same trip. All sediment samples were analyzed using a laser diffraction Coulter LS13 320 particle-size analyzer to measure the grain size distribution of the sediments. All the samples within the dataset are referred to by field activity numbers (FANs) 2021-318-FA and 2021-319-FA and are part of the Coastal Sediment Availability and Flux (CSAF) research project which collects geophysical, remote sensing and sediment data to inform models for improving prediction of coastal systems’ response to extreme weather and sea-level rise. For further information regarding data collection and/or processing methods for this data release, refer to Wei and Miselis (2022).

Sediment grab samples were collected from one onshore location and 32 undisturbed locations along the seafloor around Seven Mile Island, New Jersey (NJ) and Rockaway Peninsula, New York (NY). The sediment grab samples were collected in May and June of 2021 at locations within the area where multibeam bathymetry surveys were also conducted during the same trip. All sediment samples were analyzed using a laser diffraction Coulter LS13 320 particle-size analyzer to measure the grain size distribution of the sediments. All the samples within the dataset are referred to by field activity numbers (FANs) 2021-318-FA and 2021-319-FA and are part of the Coastal Sediment Availability and Flux (CSAF) research project which collects geophysical, remote sensing and sediment data to inform models for improving prediction of coastal systems’ response to extreme weather and sea-level rise. For further information regarding data collection and/or processing methods for this data release, refer to Wei and Miselis (2022).

Data consist of census counts of Pliocene benthic foraminifera from the Yorktown Formation at Pipsico Boy Scout Camp, Spring Grove, Virginia. Data consist of grain-size distribution by weight in grams of samples collected from the Yorktown Formation exposed in outcrop along the James River at Pipsico Boy Scout Camp, Spring Grove, Virginia. In total, counts of individuals from 15 samples and 48 species are included.

Data consist of census counts of Pliocene benthic foraminifera from the Yorktown Formation at Pipsico Boy Scout Camp, Spring Grove, Virginia. Data consist of grain-size distribution by weight in grams of samples collected from the Yorktown Formation exposed in outcrop along the James River at Pipsico Boy Scout Camp, Spring Grove, Virginia. In total, counts of individuals from 15 samples and 48 species are included.

The influence of tropical and extratropical cyclones on coastal wetlands and marshes is highly variable in both space and time and depends on a number of climatic, geologic, and physical variables. The impacts storms can be either positive or negative with respect to the wetland and marsh ecosystems. Small to moderate amounts of inorganic sediment added during storms or other events helps to abate pressure from sea-level rise. However, if the volume of sediment is large and the resulting deposits thick, the organic substrate may compact causing submergence and a loss in elevation. Similarly, thick deposits of coarse inorganic sediment may also alter the hydrology of the site and impede vegetative processes. Alternative impacts associated with storms include shoreline erosion at the marsh edge as well as potential emergence. Predicting the outcome of these various responses and potential long-term implications can be obtained from a systematic assessment of both historical and recent event deposits. The objectives of this study are to 1) characterize the surficial sediment of the relict to recent washover fans and back-barrier marshes, and 2) characterize the sediment of 6 marsh cores from the back-barrier marshes and a single marsh island core near the mainland. These geologic data will be integrated with other remote sensing data collected along Assateague Island, Maryland / Virginia and assimilated into an assessment of coastal wetland response to storms.

The influence of tropical and extratropical cyclones on coastal wetlands and marshes is highly variable in both space and time and depends on a number of climatic, geologic, and physical variables. The impacts storms can be either positive or negative with respect to the wetland and marsh ecosystems. Small to moderate amounts of inorganic sediment added during storms or other events helps to abate pressure from sea-level rise. However, if the volume of sediment is large and the resulting deposits thick, the organic substrate may compact causing submergence and a loss in elevation. Similarly, thick deposits of coarse inorganic sediment may also alter the hydrology of the site and impede vegetative processes. Alternative impacts associated with storms include shoreline erosion at the marsh edge as well as potential emergence. Predicting the outcome of these various responses and potential long-term implications can be obtained from a systematic assessment of both historical and recent event deposits. The objectives of this study are to 1) characterize the surficial sediment of the relict to recent washover fans and back-barrier marshes, and 2) characterize the sediment of 6 marsh cores from the back-barrier marshes and a single marsh island core near the mainland. These geologic data will be integrated with other remote sensing data collected along Assateague Island, Maryland / Virginia and assimilated into an assessment of coastal wetland response to storms.

Data consist of census counts of Pliocene planktonic foraminifera from the lectostratotype of the Yorktown Formation at Rushmere Virginia, Rice's Pit, Yorktown, and the type section of the Morgarts Beach Member at Morgarts Beach, Virginia. In total, counts of individuals from 12 samples and 25 species are included.

Data consist of census counts of Pliocene planktonic foraminifera from the lectostratotype of the Yorktown Formation at Rushmere Virginia, Rice's Pit, Yorktown, and the type section of the Morgarts Beach Member at Morgarts Beach, Virginia. In total, counts of individuals from 12 samples and 25 species are included.

This data record contains a CSV file with spectral reflectance (420-2114 nm) for sediment samples collected from each of four source locations (cropland, stream bank, glaciolacustrine, and street dust) located across sites in the Northwestern US during prior studies. Data were collected in a laboratory setting using Spectrecology USB4000-VIS-NIR and NIRQuest512-2.2 spectrometers. The data contain spectra collected from sieved, non-sieved, dry and suspended samples from each sample source, as well as spectra for calibration standards. Explanation of fields in contained in the spectral properties data table are described in a data dictionary. Data on the physical properties of samples used in this study have been collected and are summarized in this data release.