Geophysical data were collected on January 13, 2022, from a reach of East Fork Poplar Creek in Oak Ridge, Tennessee to gain a better understanding of surface water/groundwater exchanges. This data release contains the following types of data: waterborne self-potential (WaSP), and surface -water temperature and conductivity data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 220-meter (m) long survey reach, stream specific conductance data calculated from surface-water temperature and conductivity, and electric resistivity tomography (ERT) data collected along four linear profiles on the floodplain adjacent to the WaSP survey reach. The ERT data were measured by hydroGEOPHYSICS, Inc. The WaSP logging data were measured by the USGS in the stream from an instrumented kayak by floating the kayak downstream along the west bank of the survey reach. Two repeated profiles of WaSP data were acquired along the west bank. Prior to data collection, an electrode-drift test was performed in an eddy at the upgradient end of the survey reach to record the transient drift characteristics of the WaSP electrodes. During data collection, the WaSP voltages were continuously logged, plotted, and monitored in real-time at a period of 1 second per measurement using an Agilent U1252B data-logging multimeter connected to an onboard laptop computer and a 0.55-m long electric dipole comprised of two freshwater-submersible, non-polarizing copper-sulfate electrodes that were suspended approximately 15 centimeters into the stream beneath the kayak keel. Surface-water temperature and conductivity data were continuously logged at a period of 1 second per measurement by an Onset HOBO conductivity and temperature logger that was suspended in the stream beneath the kayak keel at approximately the same depth as the WaSP electrodes. The geospatial coordinates of each measurement were recorded into the onboard laptop computer during data collection by logging output from a Trimble DSM232 differential global positioning system (GPS) receiver at a period of 0.2 seconds per measurement. However, the GPS signal was rather poor in many locations along the survey reach and numerous WaSP measurements and surface-water conductivity and temperature measurements did not receive corresponding geospatial coordinates. The missing geospatial coordinates were interpolated along the survey reach by drawing a survey path-line through the measurement coordinates that were obtained, and then applying a cubic-spline interpolant to the path-line. ERT data included with this data release were measured on March 7–11, 2022, along four linear survey profiles on the floodplain that were oriented adjacent and approximately parallel to the WaSP survey reach. One ERT profile, surveyed on the east floodplain, was 228-m long and consisted of 77 stainless steel electrodes separated by 3-m intervals. Three ERT profiles, surveyed on the west floodplain, were 249-m long and consisted of 84 stainless steel electrodes separated by 3-m intervals. All ERT data were measured with an Advanced Geosciences Incorporated SuperSting R8 resistivity meter with accompanying 56-electrode and 28-electrode switch boxes, using the standard Wenner electrode array configuration (Zodhy and others, 1974 ) augmented by gradient array measurements (Cubbage and others, 2017). Horizontal GPS coordinates of the ERT electrodes were recorded by the Trimble DSM232 differential GPS receiver used in the WaSP survey and vertical coordinates of the ERT electrodes were acquired from a 2-m digital elevation model provided by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Seventeen streamflow-gaging stations, operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and distributed across the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma were selected for analysis. Bed material sampling was conducted to obtain information on the particle-size distributions of the streambed materials and to determine the shapes of the individual particles comprising the streambeds. Information on stream-bed particle-size distribution was used to compute the potential rate of bed-load transport and is a parameter used in the Rosgen (Rosgen, 1996) stream reach classification system. Streambed-material particle sizes were measured using two methods. The first method was Wolman pebble counts conducted across the riffles and pools within each study reach. A step-toe procedure was used to collect approximately 100 samples at each riffle and pool. Materials only from the active streambed were measured. For each sample the longest (A) axis, intermediate (B) axis, and shortest (C) axis were measured and recorded. From this pebble count data the bedrock tallies were removed and cumulative frequency curves were developed, from which the median (D50) and one standard deviation from the median (D16 and D84) particle sizes were determined. Bedrock is defined as any exposure of native solid rock in the streambed or along the streambanks. The second streambed-material particle-size sampling method was a sieve analysis of bar samples. A 5-gallon pail (approximately 50 – 60 lbs) of bar gravel was collected from the downstream face of a point-bar approximately 1/3 of the way down the face. The sample was dried and weighed to the nearest 0.1 of a gram to determine the total sample weight. The sample was then placed in a nest of sieves and a mechanical sieve shaker was used to shake the sample particles through the sieves. Next, the particles from each sieve were removed and weighed. The final total weights retained on each sieve were summed and compared to the original total weight before sieving. From the weight retained on each sieve cumulative frequency curves were developed, the median (D50) and one standard deviation from the median (D16 and D84) particles sizes were determined. References Rosgen, D.L., 1996, Applied river morphology: Pagosa Springs, Colorado, Wildland Hydrology Books, 390 p. This child item contains particle information for the 17 study sites. The data for each site is in a zipped file including: 1) Tables with study site Wolman pebble and bar measurements (CSV files). 2) Graphs of streambed particle size cumulative frequency curves and particle shape analysis (JPG files).

Water velocities were measured at discrete cross-sections along an approximately 1-mile reach of the Kentucky Dam tailwater on September 12 and 17-18, 2020, using a 1200 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The data were geo-referenced with an integrated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) smart antenna with submeter accuracy. The ADCP and GNSS antenna were mounted on a marine survey vessel, and data were collected as the survey vessel traversed the tailwater along planned survey lines. There was typically one reciprocal pair (two passes) of data collected per line. There was a total of 53 survey lines equally spaced 100 feet apart and oriented approximately perpendicular to the primary flow direction. Data collection software integrated and stored the velocity and position data from the ADCP and GNSS antenna in real time. Data were processed using the Velocity Mapping Toolbox (Parsons and others, 2013) to derive temporally- and spatially-averaged water velocity values. These velocity measurements were collected during three different steady discharge conditions from the hydropower turbines at Kentucky Dam. The average rated discharges on September 12, 17, and 18 were 8,300 cubic feet per second (cfs), 59,000 cfs, and 28,000 cfs, respectively. These data were collected to understand flow patterns in the Kentucky Dam tailwater during different discharge conditions from the hydropower turbines at Kentucky Dam and may be used to assist in invasive carp capture and control programs.

The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (ACFB) was modeled to produce fourteen simulations of streamflow with the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS); seven simulations without water use effects and seven simulations with water use effects. The simulations were for 1) the whole ACFB basin (1982-2012), 2) the Chestatee River sub-basin (1982-2012), 3) the Chipola River sub-basin (1982-2012), 4) the Ichawaynochaway Creek sub-basin (1982-2012), 5) the Potato Creek sub-basin (1942-2012), 6) the Spring Creek sub-basin (1952-2012), and 7) the upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin (1982-2012). These data document the PRMS parameter files and input data files used in each of these simulations. Input files for the simulations included: 1) model control files, 2) master data files, 3) model parameter files, 4) pre-processed climate input files for the coarse-resolution ACFB model, and 5) model water-use input files.

This model archive contains all relevant files to run and document the Hydrological Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) two-dimensional hydraulic model used to simulate streamflow extents for the Meadow Valley Wash at Stuart Ranch, near Rox, Nevada. The HEC-RAS model was applied to simulate streamflow extents for the current (2021) topography and modified topography associated with possible restoration of Stuart Ranch along Meadow Valley Wash. The model archive includes information on: 1) high-water marks and water-surface elevations used for model calibration (calibration_targets); 2) the model run and output files (model_files); 3) the 32-bit executable installation file for HEC-RAS 6.5 used to run the simulations (HEC-RAS_65.Setup.exe); 4) the modeling software version and website (model-software-version.txt); 5) the model bounding box coordinates (modelgeoref.txt); 6) an overview of how to run the model and all the files and folders in Stuart_SWmodel_Archive.zip (README.txt).

The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (ACFB) was modeled to produce fourteen simulations of streamflow for demonstration of enhancements to the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS); seven simulations without water use effects and seven simulations with water use effects. The seven simulations without water use were for 1) the whole ACFB basin (1982-2012), 2) the Chestatee River sub-basin (1982-2012), 3) the Chipola River sub-basin (1982-2012), 4) the Ichawaynochaway Creek sub-basin (1982-2012), 5) the Potato Creek sub-basin (1942-2012), 6) the Spring Creek sub-basin (1952-2012), and 7) the upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin (1982-2012). The seven simulations with water use effects were for the period 2008-2012. These data document the PRMS output data files from each of these simulations. Output files for the simulations include: 1) statvar files of streamflow for each stream segment, 2) annual streamflow statistic files, 3) nhru-summary files of the major water availability fluxes and storages of the coarse-resolution model (includes precipitation, recharge, actual evapotranspiration, runoff, and storage for the hydrologic response units (HRUs), and 4) a file of PRMS-simulated recharge mapped to MODFLOW groundwater cells using the PRMS map_results module for use as input to simulations developed by Jones and others (2017).

The stream segments available here are for seven applications of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin (ACFB) by LaFontaine and others (2017). Geographic Information System (GIS) files for the stream segments in each of the seven model applications (whole ACFB, Chestatee River, Chipola River, Ichawaynochaway Creek, Potato Creek, Spring Creek, and Upper Chattahoochee River) are provided as shapefiles with attributes identifying the numbering convention used in the PRMS models of the ACFB.

The lateral blast, debris avalanche, and lahars of the May 18th, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, dramatically altered the surrounding landscape. Lava domes were extruded during the subsequent eruptive periods of 1980-1986 and 2004-2008. Nearly four decades after the emplacement of the 1980 debris avalanche, high sediment production persists in the North Fork Toutle River basin, which drains the northern flank of the volcano. This high sediment production poses a risk of flooding to downstream communities along the Toutle and Cowlitz Rivers and of clogging the shipping channel of the Columbia River. Consequently, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), under the direction of Congress, built a sediment retention structure on the North Fork Toutle River in 1989 to maintain an authorized level of flood protection. During 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, USACE contracted the acquisitions of six high-precision airborne lidar surveys of upper North Fork Toutle River valley near Mount St. Helens. All surveys used near infrared lasers except the 2014 topobathymetric lidar survey which used a green laser scanner. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used classified returns and breaklines from these surveys to produce digital elevation models (DEMs) of the ground surface for each dataset, including beneath forest cover and shallow water surfaces. This USGS data release contains digital elevation data as a 3-foot resolution raster datasets (.tif files). This DEM can be used to develop sediment budgets and models of sediment erosion, transport, and deposition.

A digital elevation model (DEM) of a portion of the Potato Creek watershed in Georgia was produced from remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Elevation measurements were collected over the area on February 27, 2010, using the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The plane travels over the target area at approximately 50 meters per second at an elevation of approximately 300 meters, resulting in a laser swath of approximately 240 meters with an average point spacing of 2-3 meters. The EAARL, developed originally by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, measures ground elevation with a vertical resolution of +/-15 centimeters. A sampling rate of 3 kilohertz or higher results in an extremely dense spatial elevation dataset. Over 100 kilometers of coastline can be surveyed easily within a 3- to 4-hour mission. When resultant elevation maps for an area are analyzed, they provide a useful tool to make management decisions regarding land development. For more information on Lidar science and the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) system and surveys, see http://ngom.usgs.gov/dsp/overview/index.php and http://ngom.usgs.gov/dsp/tech/eaarl/index.php .

This digital raster dataset is a digital elevation model (DEM) developed for possible channel restoration at Stuart Ranch along Meadow Valley Wash near Rox, Nevada. The DEM was derived from single-base real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and total station surveys as well as filtered ground observations from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) surveys at Stuart Ranch along Meadow Valley Wash near Rox, Nevada.