This dataset contains three field seasons of snow-wildlife observations conducted at 707 sites from January 2021 to March 2023 in Washington and Alaska, spanning a broad range of snow conditions. Relatively fresh tracks (usually <24 h) of common large mammal predators (bobcats, coyotes, cougars, and wolves) and their ungulate prey (caribou, Dall sheep, moose, mule deer, and white-tailed deer) were investigated to determine how snow affects predator-prey interactions. The track sink depth and dimensions (width and length) of three consecutive footprints were measured from one individual. Age class was recorded for moose based either on visual confirmation of an individual creating snow tracks or based on track dimensions. The ability to differentiate age classes for smaller ungulates was more uncertain, so age classes for deer, caribou, or sheep were not specified. Animal gait was identified using a simple classification scheme. Data also include animal species, snow density, hardness, total ice, surface temperature, and vegetation type. To best capture snow hardness, surface penetrability and hand-hardness were measured throughout the snowpack. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format.

Annual snowshoe hare track counts conducted in late winter/early spring in eastern Gates of the Arctic National Park near Wiseman, Alaska, central Brooks Range, Alaska.

Annual snowshoe hare track counts conducted in late winter/early spring in eastern Gates of the Arctic National Park near Wiseman, Alaska, central Brooks Range, Alaska.

The data set contains snow depth measurements from two regions of Alaska, USA collected during the March 2022 intensive observation period (IOP) as part of the NASA SnowEx 2023 field campaign. The study sites include three boreal forest sites in the Fairbanks region of central Alaska (the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, Caribou Poker Creek watershed, and Farmer’s Loop/Creamer’s Field) and a coastal tundra site in the North Slope region (Arctic coastal plain). Snow depth measurements collected from the study sampling sites during the subsequent field season are available as SnowEx23 Mar23 IOP Snow Depth Measurements, Version 1.

The data set contains snow depth measurements from five study sites in Alaska, USA; data were collected during the March 2023 intensive observation period (IOP) as part of the NASA SnowEx 2023 field campaign. The study sites include three boreal forest sites in the Fairbanks region of central Alaska (the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, Caribou Poker Creek watershed, and Farmer’s Loop/Creamer’s Field) and two coastal tundra sites in the North Slope region (Arctic coastal plain and Upper Kuparuk Toolik). Snow depth measurements collected from the study sampling sites during the previous field season are available as SnowEx23 Mar22 IOP Snow Depth Measurements, Version 1.

Snow and meteorological observations were collected over a range of water years (WY) by three research institutions and by citizen scientists to characterize forest effects on snow processes across the Pacific Northwest, USA. Fourteen total study sites cover the western slopes and crest of the Cascade Range in WA and OR, and central and northern ID. Each study location includes one or more paired forest and open area in which to compare snow observations. A range of forest canopy densities and data collection strategies are represented, including paired manual snow courses, snow pits, automated sensors, and time-lapse images of snow measurement poles. Analysis and synthesis of all of these sites are presented in the data citation. Location attributes are provided as metadata for each site.

Snow and meteorological observations were collected over a range of water years (WY) by three research institutions and by citizen scientists to characterize forest effects on snow processes across the Pacific Northwest, USA. Fourteen total study sites cover the western slopes and crest of the Cascade Range in WA and OR, and central and northern ID. Each study location includes one or more paired forest and open area in which to compare snow observations. A range of forest canopy densities and data collection strategies are represented, including paired manual snow courses, snow pits, automated sensors, and time-lapse images of snow measurement poles. Analysis and synthesis of all of these sites are presented in the data citation. Location attributes are provided as metadata for each site.

This package contains seven tables of avian and habitat survey data from Bering Land Bridge National Preserve; part of the Arctic National Park Network (ARCN), Alaska. Tables include: 1) characteristics of bird survey sites, 2) vegetation classification at survey sites, 3) shorebird and predator detection surveys, 4) spot check bird surveys, 5) all bird species detection surveys, 6) taxonomic details of observed birds, and 7) point count habitat photos. Additionally, geospatial data corresponding to subsections, survey plots, and points are included with this data release in folder "montaneBirdInventory_geospatial_BELA". All data pertaining to the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve is also released as part of a study on Bristle-thighed Curlew abundance and habitat use on the Seward Peninsula. Note: The data presented in this release were collected following an unpublished protocol (C. Handel et al. unpubl., USGS ASC, Anchorage, AK).

This package contains seven tables of avian and habitat survey data from Bering Land Bridge National Preserve; part of the Arctic National Park Network (ARCN), Alaska. Tables include: 1) characteristics of bird survey sites, 2) vegetation classification at survey sites, 3) shorebird and predator detection surveys, 4) spot check bird surveys, 5) all bird species detection surveys, 6) taxonomic details of observed birds, and 7) point count habitat photos. Additionally, geospatial data corresponding to subsections, survey plots, and points are included with this data release in folder "montaneBirdInventory_geospatial_BELA". All data pertaining to the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve is also released as part of a study on Bristle-thighed Curlew abundance and habitat use on the Seward Peninsula. Note: The data presented in this release were collected following an unpublished protocol (C. Handel et al. unpubl., USGS ASC, Anchorage, AK).

This data package includes three child items with data from montane-nesting bird surveys in the Arctic Network of National Parks in Alaska. Child Item One: "Data and Photographs from the Inventory of Montane-nesting Birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska - Cape Krusenstern, Gates of the Arctic, Kobuk Valley, and Noatak". The data include (1) characteristics of bird survey sites, (2) vegetation classification at survey sites, (3) shorebird and predator detection surveys, (4) all bird species detection surveys, (5) bird breeding observations, (6) taxonomic details of detected birds, and 7) point count habitat photo index. Additionally, habitat photographs are included. Child Item Two: "Data and Photographs from the Inventory of Montane-nesting Birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska - Bering Land Bridge National Preserve". The data include (1) characteristics of bird survey sites, (2) vegetation classification at survey sites, (3) shorebird and predator detection surveys, (4) spot check bird surveys, (5) all bird species detection surveys, (6) taxonomic details of observed birds, and (7) point count habitat photos. Additionally, habitat photos are included. Child Item Three: "Geospatial Sampling Information for the Inventory of Montane-nesting Birds in the Arctic Network of National Parks, Alaska". The data include (1)"ARCN_park_boundary" is a summary of park, preserve, and monument boundaries of Arctic Network lands, except those within Bering Land Bridge National Monument, (2)"ARCN_sample_plots" represents the 69, 10 X 10 km sample blocks surveyed and inventoried from 2001-2003 during US Geological Survey's National Park Service (NPS)-sponsored Inventory and Monitoring project, (3)"ARCN_sample_points" is a summary of the 1,652 locations at which bird surveys were conducted from 2001-2003 during US Geological Survey's NPS-sponsored Inventory and Monitoring project, (4)"ARCN_subsections", "ARCN_subsections_grtr100m", "ARCN_subsections_grtr100m_diss_sect", and "ARCN_subsections_grtr100m_diss_subs" are an ecoregional map that delineates the ecoregions, sections, subsections and detailed subsections of Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Kobuk Valley National Park, and Noatak National Park and Preserve, (5)"BELA_boundary" is a summary of Bering Land Bridge National Preserve lands, and (6)"BELA_sample_area" and "BELA_sample_points" represent the locations at which bird surveys were conducted in 1988-1989, 1991, and 2000 in or adjacent to Bering Land Bridge National Preserve.