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Soil Gas Fluxes Using Soil Cores (FIFE)
Nitrogen gas fluxes are important to ecosystem productivity and atmospheric chemistry. Scaling of these microscale fluxes to landscape and regional scales relevant to ecosystem and atmosphere-biosphere exchange questions is difficult. For FIFE, two approaches were explored to accomplish scaling. First the relationships between hourly and daily gas fluxes and soil moisture were established and then large area estimates of soil moisture from simulation models or a push broom microwave radiometer were used to scale data from experimental sites to larger areas. The second approach was to establish relationships between annual gas fluxes and plant productivity and then use large area data on plant productivity derived from SPOT images as a scaling tool. Both approaches were based on hypotheses and previous studies that established strong relationships between soil moisture and plant productivity and gas fluxes. FIFE Soil Gas Fluxes Using Soil Cores Data Set contains the daily flux rates of denitrification, nitrous oxide flux and carbon dioxide flux obtained from 10 sites at four sampling dates during 1987. Soil gas fluxes were measured using an intact extracted core technique. The data set includes estimates of in situ fluxes as well as denitrification fluxes measured in cores amended with either water or water plus nitrate. Analysis of relationships between daily flux rates and soil moisture and between annual fluxes and plant productivity are reported elsewhere (Groffman and Turner submitted to Ecology, Groffman and Wood in preparation). Analysis of the denitrification data, and evaluation of denitrification fluxes in the context of the ecosystem ecology of the FIFE study area are presented in Groffman et al. (1992).
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Soil CO2 Flux Data (FIFE)
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In the Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux study, a prototype gas exchange system and sensor were used to determine the soil surface flux of CO2 and associated parameters at the three FIFE supersites. The goal of this investigation was to characterize fluxes of carbon dioxide from the surface of the soil for a representative portion of the FIFE study area. These measurements are required to understand the carbon budget of the prairie and necessary for comparing vegetation models of photosynthesis with CO2 flux measurements by micrometeorological methods. The flux of the carbon dioxide from the surface of the soil is an important component of the carbon budget of a prairie ecosystem. The results from this study indicate that a soil chamber can be used to obtain reasonable estimates of soil surface carbon dioxide fluxes when operated in a closed system that is ported to the free atmosphere. Further, the flux of carbon dioxide from the soil surface of a grassland can be a large part of the carbon budget and should never be assumed to be negligible. Both soil temperature and soil water content are critical parameters for predicting soil surface CO2 flux, and leaf area index is a surrogate for the plant contribution through root respiration.
ISLSCP II Global Gridded Soil Characteristics
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This data set provides gridded data for selected soil parameters derived from data and methods developed by the Global Soil Data Task, an international collaborative project with the objective of making accurate and appropriate data relating to soil properties accessible to the global change research community. The task was coordinated by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP-DIS). The data in this data set were produced by the International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology Project, Initiative II (ISLSCP II) staff from data obtained from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC, http://daac.ornl.gov/). See the related data sets section below. Two-dimensional gridded maps of selected soil parameters, including soil texture, at a 1.0 by 1.0 degree spatial resolution and for two soil depths are provided. All data layers have been adjusted to match the ISLSCP II land/water mask. There are 36 data files with this data set.
LBA-ECO TG-08 Soil Gas Flux after Forest and Pasture Fertilization, Rondonia, Brazil
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This data set provides nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) flux measurements, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pools, net N mineralization and nitrification rates, and measurements of soil moisture, in response to nitrogen and phosphorus soil fertilization treatments. The research was conducted in a mature moist tropical forest and an 11-year pasture at Nova Vida in Rondonia, in the Brazilian Amazon, in 1998 and 1999. There is one comma-delimited ASCII data file with this data set.
LBA-ECO TG-07 Long-Term Soil Gas Flux and Root Mortality, Tapajos National Forest
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This data set reports measurements of trace gas fluxes of methane (CH4), nitric oxide (N2O), nitrous oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO2) from soils at a study site in the Tapajos National Forest (TNF), near the km 83 on the Santarem-Cuiaba Highway south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. Data for root mass and carbon content, soil nitrogen (N), nitrification, and moisture content are also provided. There are five comma-delimited data files with this data set.The research was conducted to test the effects of root mortality on the soil-atmosphere trace-gas fluxes over the course of one year. Root mortality was induced by isolating blocks of land to 1 m depth using trenching and root exclusion screening. Gas fluxes were measured weekly for ten weeks following the trenching treatment and monthly for the remainder of the year.Note: The related data set LBA-ECO TG-07 Soil Trace Gas Flux and Root Mortality, Tapajos National Forest contains the same flux data that were measured weekly for ten weeks following the trenching treatment. This data set also provides the monthly data for the remainder of the year.
Soil Respiration Maps for the ABoVE Domain, 2016-2017
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This dataset provides gridded estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soil respiration occurring within permafrost-affected tundra and boreal ecosystems of Alaska and Northwest Canada at a 300 m spatial resolution for the period 2016-08-18 to 2018-09-12. The estimates include monthly average CO2 flux (gCO2 C m-2 d-1), daily average CO2 flux and error estimates by season (Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer), estimates of annual offset of CO2 uptake (i.e., vegetation GPP), annual budgets of vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP; gCO2 C m-2 yr-1), and the fraction of open (non-vegetated) water within each 300 m grid cell. Belowground sources of respiration (i.e., root and microbial) are included. The gridded soil CO2 estimates were obtained using seasonal Random Forest models, information from remote sensing, and a new compilation of in-situ soil CO2 flux from Soil Respiration Stations and eddy covariance towers. The flux tower data are provided along with daily gap-filled flux observations for each Soil Respiration station forced diffusion (FD) chamber record. The data cover the NASA ABoVE Domain.
Standing Crop & Nitrogen Content (FIFE)
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The FIFE Standing Crop and Nitrogen Content Data Set contains biomass and nitrogen concentration data for live and dead above-ground plant material collected along transects in watersheds within the FIFE study area. The transects were in watersheds that had undergone burning and grazing treatments. Point physical descriptors (elevation, slope, and soil depth) are also included in the data set. Substantial variation in biomass, and N accumulation occurred over time, with topography, and as a result of grazing and previous burning (Schimel et al. 1991a, Kittel et al. 1990, Turner et al. 1992, Davis et al. 1992).
LBA-ECO ND-06 Land Use Effects on Soil Nutrients: A Review of Studies 1950-2001
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This data set provides measurements of soil properties compiled from 39 studies on nutrient dynamics in natural forests and forest-derived land uses (pasture, shifting cultivation and tree plantations) conducted in Amazonia over the period of 1950-2001. The initial literature survey for the data consisted of more than 100 studies conducted during this period.The objectives of this project were to compare soil data from major land uses across Amazonia and identify gaps in present knowledge that offer direction for future research. Five widely cited hypotheses were tested concerning the effects of land-use change on soil properties by analyzing data compiled from 39 studies in multi-factorial ANOVA models:?¢ effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), and exchangeable calcium (Ca) concentrations rise and remain elevated following the slash-and-burn conversion of forest to pasture or crop fields¢ soil contents of total carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and inorganic readily (i.e., Bray, Mehlich I or resin) extractable phosphorus (Pi) decline following forest-to-pasture conversion?¢ soil concentrations of total C, N, and Pi increase in secondary forests with time since abandonment from agricultural activities?¢ soil nutrient conditions under all tree-dominated land-use systems (natural or not) remain the same?¢ higher efficiencies of nutrient utilization occur where soil nutrient pools are lower There is one comma-delimited ASCII file (.csv) with this data set and a list of the 39 studies used in this data set provided as a companion file in text format.
A Global Database of Gas Fluxes from Soils after Rewetting or Thawing, Version 1.0
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This database contains information compiled from published studies on gas flux from soil following rewetting or thawing. The resulting database includes 222 field and laboratory observations focused on rewetting of dry soils, and 116 field laboratory observations focused on thawing of frozen soils studies conducted from 1956 to 2010. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxide, and ammonia (CO2, CH4, N2O, NO and NH3) were compiled from the literature and the flux rates were normalized for ease of comparison. Field observations of gas flux following rewetting of dry soils include events caused by natural rainfall, simulated rainfall in natural ecosystems, and irrigation in agricultural lands. Similarly, thawing of frozen soils include field observations of natural thawing, simulated freezing-thawing events (i.e., thawing of simulated frozen soil by snow removal), and thawing of seasonal ice in temperate and high latitude regions (Kim et al., 2012). Reported parameters include experiment type, location, site type, vegetation, climate, soil properties, rainfall, soil moisture, soil gas flux after wetting and thawing, peak soil gas flux properties, and the corresponding study references. There is one comma-delimited data file.
BOREAS TF-04 CO2 and CH4 Soil Profile Data from the SSA
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The BOREAS TF-04 team measured distributions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations for the upper 5 meters of soil and unsaturated zone at the mature stand, upper 6 m at the 20-year old stand, and the upper 1m at the 8-year old stand and clear cut area at the Southern Study Area of the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) during August 1993 to March 1995. Particle size and carbon content of the unsaturated deposits, precipitation, soil temperature and moisture, carbon and oxygen isotopes of soil CO2 and soil water chemistry are also presented.
SiB4 Modeled 0.5-degree Carbonyl Sulfide Vegetation and Soil Fluxes, 2000-2020
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This dataset provides outputs from the Simple Biosphere Model (v 4.2). Products include hourly 0.5-degree gridded fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration, carbonyl sulfide (COS) uptake by vegetation and soil, along with conductance of COS (apparent mesophyll and total), stomatal conductance of water and partial pressure of CO2 in the canopy air space, leaf surface, interior and chloroplast. The data are separated by plant functional type (PFT). Fluxes have dimensions of latitude, longitude, time, and plant functional type. Model output spans 53N to 90N latitude and 180W to 180E longitude over years 2000 to 2020. The data are provided in NetCDF version 4 format.
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