Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

Collection includes a variety of indices related to solar activity contributed by a number of national and private solar observatories located worldwide. This metadata record is currently under construction.[SolarIndices A]

A short-lived sudden increase in the intensity or radiation emitted in the neighborhood of sunspots monitored in H-alpha.

Prominences and filaments are two manifestations of the same phenomenon. Both prominences and filaments are features formed above the chromosphere by cool dense gases held in place by solar magnetic fields. Filaments are observed on the solar disk as dark structures as seen against the hotter chromosphere whereas prominences on the limb appear bright against the perspective of outer space. The scale sizes for prominences and filaments are typically many thousands kilometers. Solar observers typically view prominences and filaments in Hydrogen alpha (656.3 nm). Filaments are sometimes referred to as floccule (plural of flocculus). Prominences and filaments can rapidly form over a period of a day but then typically persist for several weeks and, in some cases, several months. At breakup the gases within these previously stable structures may be explosively released into space in the form of a coronal mass ejection (CME). Space weather operators have and continue to monitor the location and character of prominences and filaments as potential precursors on near-earth geomagnetic activity. (Browse image provided courtesy of http://www.greatdreams.com)

The GOES Solar X-ray Imager is integrated into the GOES-12 satellite, whose primary mission is to provide Earth-weather monitoring. The SXI is operated by NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). NOAA's Space Environment Center (SEC) receives the telemetry stream directly from SXI, processes the data, and integrates the observations into their space weather alert and forecast services. The data are sent in real time to NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly National Geophysical Data Center) where they are immediately made available to the public, and preserved in a secure archive for future research. SXi was launched in with GOES-M on July 23, 2001 Post Launch Test data were available from August - December 2001.SXI officially entered operations in April 2003.

This Climate Data Record (CDR) contains total solar irradiance (TSI) as a function of time created with the Naval Research Laboratory model for spectral and total irradiance (Version 2.1). Version 2.1 improves the scientific quality of the earlier Version 2.0 based on new research to achieve high accuracy and improved understanding of uncertainties with the Solar Irradiance CDR. Total solar irradiance is the total, spectrally integrated energy input to the top of the Earth's atmosphere, at a standard distance of one Astronomical Unit from the Sun. Its units are W per m2. The dataset was created by Judith Lean (Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory), Odele Coddington and Peter Pilewskie (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Science, University of Colorado). The daily- and monthly-averaged TSI data range from 1882 to the present, and annual-averaged TSI data begin in 1610. The data file format is netCDF-4 following CF metadata conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.

This Climate Data Record (CDR) contains total solar irradiance (TSI) as a function of time created with the NASA NOAA Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) (NNL) Version 1 model for total, spectral and high-resolution spectral solar irradiance. The CDR Version 3 improves the scientific quality of the earlier version, version 2.1, based on new research from several NASA Solar Irradiance Science Team activities, from improved accuracy, precision and stability of solar irradiance observations made by the TSIS-1 mission, and from operational and improved sources for facular brightening and sunspot darkening proxies. Total solar irradiance is the total, spectrally integrated energy input to the top of the Earth's atmosphere, at a standard distance of one Astronomical Unit from the Sun. Its units are W per m2. The dataset was created by Odele Coddington, Judith Lean, and Peter Pilewskie (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Science, University of Colorado). The daily- and monthly-averaged TSI data range from 1874 to the present, and annual-averaged TSI data begin in 1610. The data file format is netCDF-4 following CF metadata conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.

*Note: This dataset version has been superseded by a newer version. It is highly recommended that users access the current version. Users should only use this version for special cases, such as reproducing studies that used this version.* This Climate Data Record (CDR) contains solar spectral irradiance (SSI) as a function of time and wavelength created with the Naval Research Laboratory model for spectral and total irradiance (version 2). Solar spectral irradiance is the wavelength-dependent energy input to the top of the Earth's atmosphere, at a standard distance of one Astronomical Unit from the Sun. Its units are W per m2 per nm. Also included is the value of total (spectrally integrated) solar irradiance in units W per m2. The dataset was created by Judith Lean (Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory), Odele Coddington and Peter Pilewskie (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Science, University of Colorado). The daily- and monthly-averaged SSI data range from 1882 to the present, and annual-averaged SSI data begin in 1610. The data file format is netCDF-4 following CF metadata conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.

This Climate Data Record (CDR) contains solar spectral irradiance (SSI) as a function of time and wavelength created with the Naval Research Laboratory model for spectral and total irradiance (Version 2.1). Version 2.1 improves the scientific quality of the earlier Version 2.0 based on new research to achieve high accuracy and improved understanding of uncertainties with the Solar Irradiance CDR. Solar spectral irradiance is the wavelength-dependent energy input to the top of the Earth's atmosphere, at a standard distance of one Astronomical Unit from the Sun. Its units are W per m2 per nm. Also included is the value of total (spectrally integrated) solar irradiance in units W per m2. The dataset was created by Judith Lean (Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory), Odele Coddington and Peter Pilewskie (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Science, University of Colorado). The daily- and monthly-averaged SSI data range from 1882 to the present, and annual-averaged SSI data begin in 1610. The data file format is netCDF-4 following CF metadata conventions. The dataset is accompanied by algorithm documentation, data flow diagram and source code for the NOAA CDR Program.