This dataset includes hydrologic fluxes (evapotranspiration estimates, groundwater levels, wastewater fluxes), soil profile taxonomy (texture, horizons, etc.), and near-surface hydraulics (infiltration, drainage rates). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Hoard, C., R. Haefner, W. Shuster, R. Pieschek, and S. Beeler. Full Water-Cycle Monitoring in an Urban Catchment Reveals Unexpected Water Transfers (Detroit MI, USA). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION. American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA, USA, 56(1): 82-99, (2020).

These are quality-assured time series datasets from weather stations and runoff volume monitoring infrastructure, Cleveland OH. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Shuster, W., and R. Darner. Hydrologic Performance of Retrofit Rain Gardens in a Residential Neighborhood (Cleveland Ohio USA) with a Focus on Monitoring Methods. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 2018.

These are quality-assured time series datasets from weather stations and runoff volume monitoring infrastructure, Cleveland OH. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Shuster, W., and R. Darner. Hydrologic Performance of Retrofit Rain Gardens in a Residential Neighborhood (Cleveland Ohio USA) with a Focus on Monitoring Methods. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 2018.

Flow and rainfall data collected at the Shayler Crossing (SHC) stream monitoring station at 10 minute intervals over a two month period in 2009. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Lee, J., C. Nietch, and S. Panguluri. Drainage Area Characterization for Evaluating Green Infrastructure using the Storm Water Management Model. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES. EGS, 22: 2615-2635, (2018).

Flow and rainfall data collected at the Shayler Crossing (SHC) stream monitoring station at 10 minute intervals over a two month period in 2009. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Lee, J., C. Nietch, and S. Panguluri. Drainage Area Characterization for Evaluating Green Infrastructure using the Storm Water Management Model. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES. EGS, 22: 2615-2635, (2018).

The detrimental effects of excess nutrients and sediment entering the Chesapeake Bay estuary from its watersheds have necessitated regulatory actions. Federally-mandated reductions are apportioned to bay jurisdictions based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Time-Variable Watershed Model (CBPM). The Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool (CAST version CAST-19; cast.chesapeakebay.net; Chesapeake Bay Program, 2020) is a simplified, on-line version of the Phase 6 CBPM that simulates watershed nutrients delivery to the estuary using the original model's annual land-surface nutrient source and removal inputs and time-averaged climatological forecasting. Because it runs much faster than the CBPM, CAST facilitates rapid generation and comparison of alternate input reduction scenarios. The purpose of this data release is to make the baseline annual nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment input data used by CAST available to the scientific community in a standardized, public-domain format, such that CBPM baseline predictions can be corroborated, or the model can be refined through independent scientific investigations. Because it constitutes the best available estimate, as of 2019, of past and projected future land-surface nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment inputs over the entire extent of the Chesapeake watershed, this data set also supports broader USGS Chesapeake Bay Studies through fiscal year 2025. Source-specific annual nutrient source and removal inputs for years 1985 through 2025 were downscaled from the CBPM land-river segment scale (2,049 segments; mean area 118 square kilometers) to the National Hydrography Dataset Plus version 2.0 (NHDPlus) 1:100,000 catchment scale (83,331 segments, mean area 2.1 square kilometers). Eleven source or removal categories are represented for all counties that intersect the Chesapeake Bay watershed. These categories are listed below and further defined in the Purpose section. 1. Atmospheric deposition (atm. dep.) 2. Biosolids 3. Combined sewer overflow (CSO) 4. Direct deposit (manure directly excreted on pasture and in streams) 5. Fertilizer 6. Manure applied as fertilizer 7. Nitrogen fixation by agricultural crops (Nfix) 8. Rapid infiltration basins (RIB) 9. Septic systems 10. Nutrient uptake by agricultural crops that is removed from the field 11. Wastewater For most of these categories, nutrient source and removal inputs are tabulated for five species: ammonia, nitrate, organic nitrogen, phosphate, and organic phosphorus; sediment inputs are provided as total suspended sediment. Consistent with CBPM, plant uptake is specified only as total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and wastewater inputs are specified as biological oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen (Chesapeake Bay Program, 2020). In addition to these sources, annual proportional land-use layers used in the downscaling process are provided, also at NHDPlus 1:100,000 scale. Layers for each year represent proportional coverage of 14 Chesapeake Bay 2013 1-meter Land Use Data classes, interpolated (1985-2013) based on evolution of land-cover derived from NLCD 1992, 2001, 2006, and 2011 layers, and projected (2014-2025) using land use estimated for 2025 using the USGS Chesapeake Bay Land Change model (USGS, 2020). Best management practices (BMPs) are not included in this data release. BMPs have varying effects on nutrient inputs and runoff. These effects are best represented in CAST. Moreover, the BMP history is regularly revised by the states and the most current history is available as a downloadable file from CAST. Chesapeake Bay Program, 2020. Chesapeake Assessment and Scenario Tool (CAST) Version 2019. Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Last accessed November 2021.

The detrimental effects of excess nutrients and sediment entering the Chesapeake Bay estuary from its watersheds have necessitated regulatory actions. Federally-mandated reductions are apportioned to bay jurisdictions based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Time-Variable Watershed Model (CBPM). The Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool (CAST version CAST-19; cast.chesapeakebay.net; Chesapeake Bay Program, 2020) is a simplified, on-line version of the Phase 6 CBPM that simulates watershed nutrients delivery to the estuary using the original model's annual land-surface nutrient source and removal inputs and time-averaged climatological forecasting. Because it runs much faster than the CBPM, CAST facilitates rapid generation and comparison of alternate input reduction scenarios. The purpose of this data release is to make the baseline annual nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment input data used by CAST available to the scientific community in a standardized, public-domain format, such that CBPM baseline predictions can be corroborated, or the model can be refined through independent scientific investigations. Because it constitutes the best available estimate, as of 2019, of past and projected future land-surface nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment inputs over the entire extent of the Chesapeake watershed, this data set also supports broader USGS Chesapeake Bay Studies through fiscal year 2025. Source-specific annual nutrient source and removal inputs for years 1985 through 2025 were downscaled from the CBPM land-river segment scale (2,049 segments; mean area 118 square kilometers) to the National Hydrography Dataset Plus version 2.0 (NHDPlus) 1:100,000 catchment scale (83,331 segments, mean area 2.1 square kilometers). Eleven source or removal categories are represented for all counties that intersect the Chesapeake Bay watershed. These categories are listed below and further defined in the Purpose section. 1. Atmospheric deposition (atm. dep.) 2. Biosolids 3. Combined sewer overflow (CSO) 4. Direct deposit (manure directly excreted on pasture and in streams) 5. Fertilizer 6. Manure applied as fertilizer 7. Nitrogen fixation by agricultural crops (Nfix) 8. Rapid infiltration basins (RIB) 9. Septic systems 10. Nutrient uptake by agricultural crops that is removed from the field 11. Wastewater For most of these categories, nutrient source and removal inputs are tabulated for five species: ammonia, nitrate, organic nitrogen, phosphate, and organic phosphorus; sediment inputs are provided as total suspended sediment. Consistent with CBPM, plant uptake is specified only as total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and wastewater inputs are specified as biological oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen (Chesapeake Bay Program, 2020). In addition to these sources, annual proportional land-use layers used in the downscaling process are provided, also at NHDPlus 1:100,000 scale. Layers for each year represent proportional coverage of 14 Chesapeake Bay 2013 1-meter Land Use Data classes, interpolated (1985-2013) based on evolution of land-cover derived from NLCD 1992, 2001, 2006, and 2011 layers, and projected (2014-2025) using land use estimated for 2025 using the USGS Chesapeake Bay Land Change model (USGS, 2020). Best management practices (BMPs) are not included in this data release. BMPs have varying effects on nutrient inputs and runoff. These effects are best represented in CAST. Moreover, the BMP history is regularly revised by the states and the most current history is available as a downloadable file from CAST. Chesapeake Bay Program, 2020. Chesapeake Assessment and Scenario Tool (CAST) Version 2019. Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Last accessed November 2021.

This USGS data release contains 2013 streamflow, baseflow, and precipitation data from three hydrologically-diverse streams in the United States used to develop a conceptual framework for effectively anticipating water-quality changes resulting from changes in agricultural activities. The framework combined generalized concepts on the movement of water, the environmental behavior of chemicals and eroded soil, and the designed functions of various agricultural activities. The framework addresses the impacts on water quality of a broad range of agricultural chemicals and sediment across a variety of hydrologic settings. • Chesterville Branch near Crumpton, Maryland, (USGS site ID - 01493112) had substantial baseflow throughout the year with increased streamflow within a day of rainfall. • Indian Creek at State Line RD, Leawood, Kansas (USGS site ID - 06893390) was a fastflow-dominated urban steam that was not well connected to shallow groundwater. • The watershed of Leary-Weber Ditch at Mohawk, Indiana (USGS site ID - 03361638) has an extensive subsurface drainage network within its watershed. These data support the following publication: Capel, P.D., Wolock, D.M., Coupe, R.H., and Roth, J.L., 2017, A conceptual framework for effectively anticipating water-quality changes resulting from changes in agricultural activities: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5095, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175095.

This USGS data release contains 2013 streamflow, baseflow, and precipitation data from three hydrologically-diverse streams in the United States used to develop a conceptual framework for effectively anticipating water-quality changes resulting from changes in agricultural activities. The framework combined generalized concepts on the movement of water, the environmental behavior of chemicals and eroded soil, and the designed functions of various agricultural activities. The framework addresses the impacts on water quality of a broad range of agricultural chemicals and sediment across a variety of hydrologic settings. • Chesterville Branch near Crumpton, Maryland, (USGS site ID - 01493112) had substantial baseflow throughout the year with increased streamflow within a day of rainfall. • Indian Creek at State Line RD, Leawood, Kansas (USGS site ID - 06893390) was a fastflow-dominated urban steam that was not well connected to shallow groundwater. • The watershed of Leary-Weber Ditch at Mohawk, Indiana (USGS site ID - 03361638) has an extensive subsurface drainage network within its watershed. These data support the following publication: Capel, P.D., Wolock, D.M., Coupe, R.H., and Roth, J.L., 2017, A conceptual framework for effectively anticipating water-quality changes resulting from changes in agricultural activities: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5095, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175095.

This tabular dataset includes measurements of net radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and calculated reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for a bioretention garden in Douglas County, Nebraska.To determine the amount of water that was lost to the atmosphere, evapotranspiration (ET) was calculated at the Douglas County Health Center (DCHC) bioretention garden by scaling the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) by a landscape coefficient. Measurements of net radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were used to calculate daily ET0 using the Penman-Monteith equation (Monteith and Unsworth, 1990; Allen and others, 1998). Reference evapotranspiration represents ET, in inches, over a well-watered grass of uniform height that completely shades the ground (Allen and others, 1998). To adjust the ET0 to represent the actual ET of the bioretention gardens, a weighted landscape coefficient (KL) was used (Costello and others, 2000).