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Techno-Economic Assessment of AWS Waveswing
The submitted information includes the final report and the supporting datasets in Excel format. Submitted data includes: - an Excel based techno-economic model with input-output (IO) analysis, costing functions in generalized form, performance metrics and computation, and scatter diagrams - an Excel of the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) model data tables and plots in support of main report - the final TEAMER Post Access Report Objectives: The primary objectives of the current scope of work are to benchmark the LCoE of the Waveswing device, identify cost-reduction pathways through design sensitivity studies, and compare the results against an actively tuned point absorber that employs a hydrostatic spring-compensation mechanism. This reference wave energy converter (WEC) benchmark is herein referred to as the Reference Point Absorber (RPA). Work Carried Out: Re Vision started with a detailed review of the AWS R&D program to enable detailed implementation planning efforts. Subsequently, Re Vision engaged in a structured assessment process including the following: - LCoE model to benchmark the current AWS configuration and the RPA at a 100MW plant scale - A parametric performance model to model WEC performance for the Waveswing and the RPA - Development of scalable performance and cost models - Sensitivity studies to enable first-order design optimization - Identify core LCoE cost-reduction pathways to enable the targeting of sensible technology development pathways Background: The Waveswing (www.awsocean.com), developed by AWS Ocean Energy, is a submerged pressure differential WEC device that has completed sea trials at European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Scotland. The Waveswing is a highly efficient WEC topology that has won third place (out of 92 design teams) in the wave energy prize competition organized by the US Department of Energy and has since undergone significant further development culminating in the recent at-sea testing at EMEC. The installation and testing at EMEC have shown that single-unit point absorbers are inherently expensive to build, deploy, and operate. They have also highlighted key operational issues that limit access to the device during extended periods during winter months. These critical issues are being addressed through the next evolution of AWS technology towards its multi-absorber platform. The current work was motivated by the need to review and benchmark the technology's commercialization pathway and provide an understanding of key cost-reduction drivers.
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LCOE Analysis of Surge-Mode WEC
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Spreadsheet which provides estimates of reductions in Levelized Cost of Energy for a surge-mode wave energy converter (WEC). This is made available via adoption of the advanced control strategies developed during this research effort.
USWAN Model Hindcast East Coast Regional Model (ECoRM)
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Summary tables and plots of six International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) wave parameters, including time series, scatter plots, and tables summarizing model performance.
High Resolution Ocean Surface Wave Hindcast (US Wave) Data
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The development of this dataset was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Water Power Technologies Office to improve our understanding of the U.S. wave energy resource and to provide critical information for wave energy project development and wave energy converter design. This high resolution publicly available long-term wave hindcast dataset will - when complete - cover the entire U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Available data includes the Hawaiian Islands, West and Atlantic Coasts, with future additions including the Alaskan coasts, Gulf of Mexico and the Freely associated States. The data can be used to investigate the historical record of wave statistics at any U.S. site. As such, the dataset could also be of value to any entity with marine operations inside the U.S. EEZ. These data are available for download without login credentials through the free and publicly accessible Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI) data viewer which allows users to browse and download individual or groups of files.
Reference Model 6 Cost Breakdown (RM6: Oscillating Water Column)
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Contains the Reference Model 6 (RM6) spreadsheets with the cost breakdown structure (CBS) for the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) calculations for a single RM6 device and multiple unit arrays. These spreadsheets are contained within an XLSX file and a spreadsheet editor such as Microsoft Excel is needed to open the file. This data was generated upon completion of the project on September 30, 2014. The Reference Model Project (RMP), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), was a partnered effort to develop open-source MHK point designs as reference models (RMs) to benchmark MHK technology performance and costs, and an open-source methodology for design and analysis of MHK technologies, including models for estimating their capital costs, operational costs, and levelized costs of energy. The point designs also served as open-source test articles for university researchers and commercial technology developers. The RMP project team, led by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), included a partnership between DOE, three national laboratories, including the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Applied Research Laboratory of Penn State University, and Re Vision Consulting. Reference Model 6 (RM6) is a Backward Bent Duct Buoy (BBDB), which is a type of oscillating water column wave energy converter. First proposed by Masuda, the BBDB design is a floating Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device that consists of an air chamber, an L-shaped duct, bow and stern buoyancy modules, and a power take-off (PTO) composed of a Wells air turbine and a generator. This L- shaped device opens to the ocean downstream from the wave propagation direction. Power is produced by the motion of the wave, which causes the ambient pressure in the air chamber to vary thereby forcing air to flow through the Wells turbine. The reference wave energy resource for RM6 was developed from site information collected near Eureka, in Humboldt County, California.
Reference Model 3 Cost Breakdown (RM3: Wave Point Absorber)
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Contains the Reference Model 3 (RM3) spreadsheets with the cost breakdown structure (CBS) for the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) calculations for a single RM3 device and multiple unit arrays. These spreadsheets are contained within an XLSX file and a spreadsheet editor such as Microsoft Excel is needed to open the file. This data was generated upon completion of the project on September 30, 2014. The Reference Model Project (RMP), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), was a partnered effort to develop open-source MHK point designs as reference models (RMs) to benchmark MHK technology performance and costs, and an open-source methodology for design and analysis of MHK technologies, including models for estimating their capital costs, operational costs, and levelized costs of energy. The point designs also served as open-source test articles for university researchers and commercial technology developers. The RMP project team, led by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), included a partnership between DOE, three national laboratories, including the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Applied Research Laboratory of Penn State University, and Re Vision Consulting. Reference Model 3 (RM3) is a wave point absorber, also referred to as a wave power buoy, that was designed for a reference site located off the shore of Eureka in Humboldt County, California. The design of the device consists of a surface float that translates (oscillates) with wave motion relative to a vertical column spar buoy, which connects to a subsurface reaction plate. This two-body point absorber converts wave energy into electrical power predominately from the devices heave oscillation induced by incident waves; the float is designed to oscillate up and down the vertical shaft up to 4 m. The bottom of the reaction plate is about 35 m below the water surface. The device is targeted for deployment in water depths of 40 m to 100 m. The point absorber is also connected to a mooring system to keep the floating device in position.
NREL MOIS Data for NWEI Azura August 2015
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NREL Modular Ocean Instrumentation System (MOIS) data files for the Azura grid-connected deployment at the 30-meter berth of the US Navy's Wave Energy Test Site (WETS 30m Site) at the Kaneohe Marine Corps Base Hawaii (MCBH) on the windward (northeast) coast of the island of Oahu, HI. See general documentation describing specifics of the data files and formats in a separate NREL submission (linked below).
LCOE Baseline for OE Buoy WEC Device
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Capex numbers are in $/kW, Opex numbers in $/kW-yr. Cost Estimates provided herein are based on concept design and basic engineering data and have high levels of uncertainties embedded. This reference economic scenario was done for a very large device version of the Ocean Energy (OE) Buoy technology, which is not presently on OE's technology development pathway but will be considered in future business plan development. The DOE reference site condition is considered a low power-density site, compared with many of the planned initial deployment locations for the OE Buoy. Many of the sites considered for the initial commercial deployment of the OE buoy feature much higher wave power densities and shorter period waves. Both of these characteristics will improve the OE buoy's commercial viability.
LCOE Content Model for the Heaving Point Absorber Buoy
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This is the LCOE analysis spreadsheet and content model for the heaving point absorber buoy developed for controls purposes. The cost assessment was done on a wave-farm of 100-units.