This dataset provides the final report from the Adaptation and Response in Drylands (ARID) scoping study. ARID is one of the two scoping studies funded by NASA in 2023 to identify the scientific questions and develop the initial study design and implementation concept for a new NASA Terrestrial Ecology field campaign. This report emphasizes a prioritized research agenda and an initial implementation plan, focusing on the western U.S. to deepen our understanding of national dryland processes and resources. ARID is also leveraging an extensive network of international sites and collaborators in Africa, Australia, Mexico, and South America. This global approach facilitates the evaluation, monitoring, and forecasting of drylands worldwide, ensuring a coordinated effort to address and inform solutions for the challenges facing these critical ecosystems. ARID will use cutting-edge approaches to address four Science Themes: 1) Climate Variability and Drought, 2) Ecosystem Structure, Function, and Biodiversity, 3) Carbon Cycle Interannual Variability and Long-Term Trends, and 4) Social-Ecological Systems. The scoping study performed extensive outreach, conducting over 160 meetings and events with hundreds of scientists and decision-makers across six continents, which translated to the ARID science plan being co-created with a wide range of contributors and perspectives, including remote sensing, modeling, and dryland scientists; Tribal Nations; and a range of U.S. federal entities. This report outlines a targeted plan to deploy field and NASA airborne instruments to vastly augment data derived from satellite observations that, when joined, will substantially advance quantification of drylands' large and changing role in the U.S. and in the Earth system.

This dataset contains global dryland literature abstracts from over the last 75 years (8218 articles) to identify areas in arid ecology that are well studied and topics that are emerging.

This dataset provides the final report from the PAN tropical investigation of bioGeochemistry and Ecological Adaptation (PANGEA) scoping study. PANGEA is one of the two scoping studies funded by NASA in 2023 to identify the scientific questions and develop the initial study design and implementation concept for a new NASA Terrestrial Ecology field campaign. This report provides 1) the scientific rationale; 2) an initial study design concept; 3) a presentation of science questions, goals, and objectives; 4) the rationale in terms of state-of-the-art, relevance, and expected advances; 5) implementation concepts; and 6) other information to enable NASA to fully evaluate the project. This report outlines the PANGEA concept, including the PANGEA science themes, science questions, the scientific and technical advancement arising from PANGEA, the critical role of NASA remote sensing, PANGEA's research strategy and study design, PANGEA's capacity-building and training priorities, community engagement strategy, ability to enable Earth Action, and technical and logistical feasibility. The PANGEA concept reflects the voices of many and was developed in collaboration with over 800 individuals representing over 300 organizations from 42 countries across five continents. This report is provided in five languages including English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Indonesian.

TCA AK drought data represent areas of recent drought stress based on the U.S. Drought Monitor data (https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/) for two time periods: January 6, 2015 - December 26, 2017 and September 20, 2016 � September 24th, 2019. Using a 30 km grid as a framework over Alaska, the number of drought polygons are intersected for each grid cell, in each drought category, for each time period. This information is then summarized for each time period using the following weighting scheme: (D0 * 1) + (D1 *2) + (D2 * 3) + (D3 * 4) + (D4 * 5). Higher values indicate higher drought intensity and duration.

,This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. No Abstract Available,,

Drylands cover 40% of the global terrestrial surface and provide important ecosystem services. While drylands as a whole are expected to increase in distribution and aridity in coming decades, temperature and precipitation forecasts vary by latitude and geographic region suggesting different trajectories for tropical, subtropical, and temperate drylands. Uncertainty in the future of tropical and subtropical drylands is well constrained, whereas soil moisture and ecological droughts, which drive vegetation productivity and composition, remain poorly understood in temperate drylands. Here we show that, over the 21st century, temperate drylands may contract by a third, primarily converting to subtropical drylands, and that deep soil layers will be increasingly dry during the growing season. These changes imply major shifts in vegetation and ecosystem service delivery. Our results illustrate the importance of appropriate drought measures and, as the first global study to focus on temperate drylands, highlight a distinct fate for these highly-populated areas. The data are outputs from the SOILWAT ecohydrological model, which was applied in a grid over 6 temperate drylands across the globe (South America, Southern Africa, Eastern Asia, Western and Central Asia, Western Mediterranean basin, and North America. Simulations were conducted for two time periods: 1980-2010 and 2069-2099.

Drylands cover 40% of the global terrestrial surface and provide important ecosystem services. While drylands as a whole are expected to increase in distribution and aridity in coming decades, temperature and precipitation forecasts vary by latitude and geographic region suggesting different trajectories for tropical, subtropical, and temperate drylands. Uncertainty in the future of tropical and subtropical drylands is well constrained, whereas soil moisture and ecological droughts, which drive vegetation productivity and composition, remain poorly understood in temperate drylands. Here we show that, over the 21st century, temperate drylands may contract by a third, primarily converting to subtropical drylands, and that deep soil layers will be increasingly dry during the growing season. These changes imply major shifts in vegetation and ecosystem service delivery. Our results illustrate the importance of appropriate drought measures and, as the first global study to focus on temperate drylands, highlight a distinct fate for these highly-populated areas. The data are outputs from the SOILWAT ecohydrological model, which was applied in a grid over 6 temperate drylands across the globe (South America, Southern Africa, Eastern Asia, Western and Central Asia, Western Mediterranean basin, and North America. Simulations were conducted for two time periods: 1980-2010 and 2069-2099.

Hydrological, biological, geomorphological, and geospatial datasets collected from the Arid West used to develop the Beta SDAM for the Arid West.

Hydrological, biological, geomorphological, and geospatial datasets collected from the Arid West used to develop the Beta SDAM for the Arid West.

Supplemental information, excel spreadsheet of data behind figures in the paper, 11 files with code to reproduce the study. Citation information for this dataset can be found in the EDG's Metadata Reference Information section and Data.gov's References section.