Digitized data taken from Wind Gust Charts. Record contains hourly wind directions and speed with a peak wind recorded at the end of each day. Sorted by: station, year, month, day, hour. Overview: Standard text files with a 80 character record length. Year, month, and day are stored in separate 2 character fields ELEMENT: Station Number LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: Card Number LENGTH: 2 ELEMENT: Year LENGTH: 2 ELEMENT: Month LENGTH: 2 ELEMENT: Day LENGTH: 2 ELEMENT: Level LENGTH: 1 ELEMENT: 10 Minutes +- 5 Minutes | Min Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: 10 Minutes +- 5 Minutes | Mean Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: 10 Minutes +- 5 Minutes | Max Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: Hourly +- 30 Minutes | Min Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: Hourly +- 30 Minutes | Max Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: Code LENGTH: 1 ELEMENT: Hour LENGTH: 2 ELEMENT: 10 Minutes +- 5 Minutes | Min Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: 10 Minutes +- 5 Minutes | Mean Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: 10 Minutes +- 5 Minutes | Max Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: Hourly +- 30 Minutes | Min Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: Hourly +- 30 Minutes | Max Speed +- LENGTH: 4 ELEMENT: Code LENGTH: 1

These raw data have not been subjected to the National Ocean Service's quality control or quality assurance procedures and do not meet the criteria and standards of official National Ocean Service data. They are released for limited public use as preliminary data to be used only with appropriate caution.

U.S. Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data is digital data set DSI-6421, archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI; formerly National Climatic Data Center, NCDC). During earlier work at NCDC, it was noted that anemometer elevations at U.S. weather stations (for which metadata related to anemometer height was available) varied widely with time. Between 1931 and 2000, there were up to 12 significant anemometer height changes at some of these stations, and on average there was one change per decade at any station with more than 10 years of record. For example, at Los Angeles International Airport, the anemometer height changed 4 times during the 60 years, varying from 59 ft to 20 ft, while at Edwards Air Force Base, the anemometer height was changed 10 times and varied from 13 ft to 75 ft. Therefore, the elevation homogenization of the near-surface wind time series is a necessary pre-requisite for any climatological assessments. This was done at NCDC, creating the DSI-6421 data set. Stations were included in DSI-6421 on a year-by-year basis, depending upon the availability of anemometer metadata and the number of observations made during a year. The earliest data was from 1931, with very few stations. The number of stations increased during World War II to about 200, decreased briefly after the war, and increased to about 350 during the period 1948-1972 because most first-order (primary) stations qualified for inclusion. After 1972, as the importance of metadata was more widely recognized, the number of qualified stations rose to near 1000 by 1985, and continued at about that number through year 2000. The formulae used were U10g = Ua log[(10-Hsnod)/z0]/log[(Ha - Hsnod)/z0], and U10s = Ua log[10/z0]/log[(Ha - Hsnod)/z0], where z0 is the surface roughness (a function of the presence of snow cover at the site); Hsnod is the snow depth; Ha is the anemometer height above the ground; Ua is the wind speed at the anemometer height; U10g is the speed at 10 m above the ground; and U10s is the speed at 10 m above the surface.

U.S. Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data is digital data set DSI-6421, archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI; formerly National Climatic Data Center, NCDC). During earlier work at NCDC, it was noted that anemometer elevations at U.S. weather stations (for which metadata related to anemometer height was available) varied widely with time. Between 1931 and 2000, there were up to 12 significant anemometer height changes at some of these stations, and on average there was one change per decade at any station with more than 10 years of record. For example, at Los Angeles International Airport, the anemometer height changed 4 times during the 60 years, varying from 59 ft to 20 ft, while at Edwards Air Force Base, the anemometer height was changed 10 times and varied from 13 ft to 75 ft. Therefore, the elevation homogenization of the near-surface wind time series is a necessary pre-requisite for any climatological assessments. This was done at NCDC, creating the DSI-6421 data set. Stations were included in DSI-6421 on a year-by-year basis, depending upon the availability of anemometer metadata and the number of observations made during a year. The earliest data was from 1931, with very few stations. The number of stations increased during World War II to about 200, decreased briefly after the war, and increased to about 350 during the period 1948-1972 because most first-order (primary) stations qualified for inclusion. After 1972, as the importance of metadata was more widely recognized, the number of qualified stations rose to near 1000 by 1985, and continued at about that number through year 2000. The formulae used were U10g = Ua log[(10-Hsnod)/z0]/log[(Ha - Hsnod)/z0], and U10s = Ua log[10/z0]/log[(Ha - Hsnod)/z0], where z0 is the surface roughness (a function of the presence of snow cover at the site); Hsnod is the snow depth; Ha is the anemometer height above the ground; Ua is the wind speed at the anemometer height; U10g is the speed at 10 m above the ground; and U10s is the speed at 10 m above the surface.

Cape Kennedy Thunderstorms Data contains an account of all thunderstorms reported in weather observations taken at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station, Florida between 1957 and 1972. Elements recorded include date and time thunderstorm began and ended, quadrant(s) in which the storm was first and last observed, direction of movement, intensity, frequency of thunder, presence of more than one storm, lightning characteristics and intensity. Wind speed (sustained and gusts), wind shift, pressure tendency, and minimum ceiling hight and visibility are also included.

Cape Kennedy Thunderstorms Data contains an account of all thunderstorms reported in weather observations taken at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station, Florida between 1957 and 1972. Elements recorded include date and time thunderstorm began and ended, quadrant(s) in which the storm was first and last observed, direction of movement, intensity, frequency of thunder, presence of more than one storm, lightning characteristics and intensity. Wind speed (sustained and gusts), wind shift, pressure tendency, and minimum ceiling hight and visibility are also included.

Digitized data taken from original weather observations taken at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station, Florida. Elements recorded are wind speed and direction, temperature, dew point, pressure, and possibly more. Observations were taken every three hours. Records are contained in standard 80 character record lengths. The reference manual to indicate the individual fields and their lengths has not been found. It is possible to identify most of the fields, but some, particularly later in the record, have not been identified.

A meteorological data system was designed, assembled, and installed to obtain, on a continuous basis, wind and temperature information at 12 levels on a television transmitting tower 1434 ft in height. Measurement and recording of atmospheric variables was accomplished entirely automatically, the output being in the form of punched paper tape and a record prepared by an electric typewriter. The tower used as an instrument support was triangular in cross section, measuring 12 ft on a side with no taper, was extensively guyed, contained a 2000-lb capacity elevator, and was capped by a triangular superstructure 75 ft on a side and about 14 ft high.

A meteorological data system was designed, assembled, and installed to obtain, on a continuous basis, wind and temperature information at 12 levels on a television transmitting tower 1434 ft in height. Measurement and recording of atmospheric variables was accomplished entirely automatically, the output being in the form of punched paper tape and a record prepared by an electric typewriter. The tower used as an instrument support was triangular in cross section, measuring 12 ft on a side with no taper, was extensively guyed, contained a 2000-lb capacity elevator, and was capped by a triangular superstructure 75 ft on a side and about 14 ft high.

The Reference Climatological Stations (RCS) network represents the first effort by NOAA to create and maintain a nationwide network of stations located only in areas where no changes in the surroundings are foreseen. Efforts to establish the network began in 1954 by the National Weather Service. The network became operational in 1966 with the selection of fifteen stations from a list of 28 candidate sites; six more were added as the network expanded. Most stations were located at university agricultural experiment stations. Core data elements include temperature, rainfall, and wind speed & direction. Some stations also measured evaporation and soil temperature. Observations were taken daily by volunteer observers, and were a subset of the extensive NWS Cooperative Observations network. Stations were assigned Cooperative Station IDs, but were provided with special forms on which to record wind speed and direction, elements not recorded at other Coop stations.