The Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB) contains approximately 30 years and $2 billion worth of animal studies. ToxRefDB allows scientists and the interested public to search and download thousands of animal toxicity testing results for hundreds of chemicals that were previously found only in paper documents. Currently, there are 474 chemicals in ToxRefDB, primarily the data rich pesticide active ingredients, but the number will continue to expand.

ToxRefDB comprises information from over fifty years of in vivo toxicity data. The database includes information for over 1000 chemicals, and is being used as a primary source of data for evaluating efforts of the ToxCast program [4,5], as well as for numerous predictive and retrospective analyses. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Watford, S., L. Pham, J. Wignall, R. Shin, M.T. Martin, and K. Friedman. ToxRefDB version 2.0: Improved utility for predictive and retrospective toxicology analyses. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 89: 145-158, (2019).

ToxRefDB comprises information from over fifty years of in vivo toxicity data. The database includes information for over 1000 chemicals, and is being used as a primary source of data for evaluating efforts of the ToxCast program [4,5], as well as for numerous predictive and retrospective analyses. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Watford, S., L. Pham, J. Wignall, R. Shin, M.T. Martin, and K. Friedman. ToxRefDB version 2.0: Improved utility for predictive and retrospective toxicology analyses. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 89: 145-158, (2019).

ToxCast is used as a cost-effective approach for efficiently prioritizing the toxicity testing of thousands of chemicals. It uses data from state-of-the-art high throughput screening (HTS) bioassay and builds computational models to forecast potential chemical toxicity in humans. ToxRefDB stores data related to ToxCast.

ToxCast is used as a cost-effective approach for efficiently prioritizing the toxicity testing of thousands of chemicals. It uses data from state-of-the-art high throughput screening (HTS) bioassay and builds computational models to forecast potential chemical toxicity in humans. ToxRefDB stores data related to ToxCast.

ToxCast is used as a cost-effective approach for efficiently prioritizing the toxicity testing of thousands of chemicals. It uses data from state-of-the-art high throughput screening (HTS) bioassay and builds computational models to forecast potential chemical toxicity in humans. ToxRefDB stores data related to ToxCast.

ToxCast is used as a cost-effective approach for efficiently prioritizing the toxicity testing of thousands of chemicals. It uses data from state-of-the-art high throughput screening (HTS) bioassay and builds computational models to forecast potential chemical toxicity in humans. ToxRefDB stores data related to ToxCast.

In an effort to address a major challenge in chemical safety assessment, alternative approaches for characterizing systemic effect levels, a predictive model was developed. Systemic effect levels were curated from ToxRefDB, HESS-DB and COSMOS-DB from numerous study types totaling 4382 in vivo studies for 1201 chemicals. Observed systemic effects in mammalian models are a complex function of chemical dynamics, kinetics, and inter- and intra-individual variability. In order to address the complexity problem, systemic effect levels were modeled at the study-level by leveraging study covariates (e.g., study type, strain, administration route) in addition to multiple descriptor sets, including chemical (ToxPrint, PaDEL, and Physchem), biological (ToxCast), and kinetic descriptors. Using Random Forest modeling with cross-validation and external validation procedures, study-level covariates alone accounted for approximately 20% of the variance reducing the root mean squared error (RMSE) from 0.96 log10 mg/kg/day to 0.85 log10 mg/kg/day, providing a baseline performance metric (lower expectation of model performance). A consensus model developed using a combination of study-level covariates, chemical, biological, and kinetic descriptors explained a total of 38% of the variance with an RMSE of 0.76 log10 mg/kg/day. A benchmark model (upper expectation of model performance) was also developed with an RMSE of 0.5 log10 mg/kg/day by incorporating study-level covariates and the mean effect level per chemical. To achieve a representative chemical-level prediction, the minimum study-level predicted and observed effect level per chemical were compared reducing the RMSE from 1.1 to 0.8 log10 mg/kg/day. Although biological descriptors did not improve model performance, the final model was enriched for biological descriptors that indicated xenobiotic metabolism gene expression, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity, demonstrating the importance of accounting for kinetics and non-specific bioactivity in predicting systemic effect levels. Herein, we have generated an externally predictive model of systemic effect levels for use as a safety assessment tool and have generated forward predictions for thousands of chemicals. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Truong, L., G. Ouedraogo, L. Pham, J. Clouzeau, S. Loisel-Joubert, D. Blanchet, H. Noçairi, W. Setzer, R. Judson, C. Grulke, K. Mansouri, and M. Martin. (Archives of Toxicology) Predicting In Vivo Effect Levels for Repeat Dose Systemic Toxicity using Chemical, Biological, Kinetic and Study Covariates. Archives of Toxicology. Springer, New York, NY, USA, 92(2): 587-600, (2018).

The contents of the chemistry database, presently containing ~ 760,000 substances, are available as public domain data for download. The chemistry content underpinning the Dashboard has been aggregated over the past 15 years by both manual and auto-curation techniques within EPA’s DSSTox project.These data include physicochemical, environmental fate and transport, exposure, usage, in vivo toxicity, and in vitro bioassay data, surfaced through an integration hub with link-outs to additional EPA data and public domain online resources. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Williams, A., C. Grulke, J. Edwards, A. McEachran, K. Mansouri, N. Baker, G. Patlewicz, I. Shah, J. Wambaugh, R. Judson, and A. Richard. (Journal of Cheminformatics) The CompTox Chemistry Dashboard - A Community Data Resource for Environmental Chemistry. Journal of Cheminformatics. Springer, New York, NY, USA, 9(61): 1-27, (2017).

GENE-TOX provided genetic toxicology (mutagenicity) test data from expert peer review of open scientific literature for more than 3,000 chemicals from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) covering the years 1991 - 1998. GENE-TOX is no longer updated.