This archive contains daily statistically downscaled climate projections and simulated land surface water and energy fluxes for the western United States and southern British Columbia at 1/16th (0.0625) degree resolution. Climate and hydrologic variables (21 total) are as follows: precipitation, temperature (avg./max./min.), outgoing longwave radiation, incoming shortwave radiation, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, evapotranspiration, runoff, baseflow, soil moisture (3-layers), snow water equivalent, snow depth, and potential evapotranspiration (5 vegetation references). The downscaling used is the Modified Delta approach (see Littell et al. 2011), based on 10 models from Phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), a critical source of data to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4). Documentation home: http://cses.washington.edu/cig/data/wus.shtml Note that time-stamps on these data are not in the future. See the statistical downscaling chapter from this report for more information. http://warm.atmos.washington.edu/2860/r7climate/study_report/CBCCSP_chap4_gcm_final.pdf Reference: This research was sponsored by a grant from the Department of the Interior, USGS NW Climate Science Center, a multi-institution DOI-funded project located at the University of Washington, Oregon State University, and the University of Idaho. We also acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy.

This archive contains daily statistically downscaled climate projections and simulated land surface water and energy fluxes for the western United States and southern British Columbia at 1/16th (0.0625) degree resolution. Climate and hydrologic variables (21 total) are as follows: precipitation, temperature (avg./max./min.), outgoing longwave radiation, incoming shortwave radiation, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, evapotranspiration, runoff, baseflow, soil moisture (3-layers), snow water equivalent, snow depth, and potential evapotranspiration (5 vegetation references). The downscaling used is the Modified Delta approach (see Littell et al. 2011), based on 10 models from Phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), a critical source of data to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4). Documentation home: http://cses.washington.edu/cig/data/wus.shtml Note that time-stamps on these data are not in the future. See the statistical downscaling chapter from this report for more information. http://warm.atmos.washington.edu/2860/r7climate/study_report/CBCCSP_chap4_gcm_final.pdf Reference: This research was sponsored by a grant from the Department of the Interior, CIDA NW Climate Science Center, a multi-institution DOI-funded project located at the University of Washington, Oregon State University, and the University of Idaho. We also acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy.

Climate change information simulated by global climate models is downscaled using statistical methods to translate spatially course regional projections to finer resolutions needed by researchers and managers to assess local climate impacts. Several statistical downscaling methods have been developed over the past fifteen years, resulting in multiple datasets derived by different methods. We apply a simple monthly water-balance model (MWBM) to demonstrate how the differences among these datasets result in disparate projections of snow loss and future changes in runoff. We apply the MWBM to six statistically downscaled datasets for 14 general circulation models (GCMs) from the Climate Model Intercomparison Program Phase 5 (CMIP5) for the RCP 8.5 emission scenario (1950 - 2099). The statistically downscaled datasets are as follows: BCCA: Bias Corrected Constructed Analogs (Reclamation, 2013) BCSD-C: Bias Corrected Spatial Disaggregation (Reclamation, 2013) BCSD-F: Bias Corrected Spatial Disaggregation (Thrasher et al., 2013) LOCA: Localized Constructed Analogs (Pierce et al., 2014) MACA-L: Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012, bias corrected by Livneh et al., 2013) MACA-M: Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012, bias corrected by METDATA, Abatzoglou, 2013) Users interested in the downscaled temperature and precipitation files are referred to the dataset home pages: BCCA, BCSD-C: http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections/dcpInterface.html BCSD-F: https://cds.nccs.nasa.gov/nex/ LOCA: http://loca.ucsd.edu/ MACA-L, MACA-M: http://maca.northwestknowledge.net The GCMs are the following: bcc-csm1-1, CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, GFDL-ESM2G, GFDL-ESM2M, inmcm4, IPSL-CM5A-LR, IPSL-CM5A-MR, MIROC-ESM, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MIROC5, MRI-CGCM3, NorESM1-M

Climate change information simulated by global climate models is downscaled using statistical methods to translate spatially course regional projections to finer resolutions needed by researchers and managers to assess local climate impacts. Several statistical downscaling methods have been developed over the past fifteen years, resulting in multiple datasets derived by different methods. We apply a simple monthly water-balance model (MWBM) to demonstrate how the differences among these datasets result in disparate projections of snow loss and future changes in runoff. We apply the MWBM to six statistically downscaled datasets for 14 general circulation models (GCMs) from the Climate Model Intercomparison Program Phase 5 (CMIP5) for the RCP 8.5 emission scenario (1950 - 2099). The statistically downscaled datasets are as follows: BCCA: Bias Corrected Constructed Analogs (Reclamation, 2013) BCSD-C: Bias Corrected Spatial Disaggregation (Reclamation, 2013) BCSD-F: Bias Corrected Spatial Disaggregation (Thrasher et al., 2013) LOCA: Localized Constructed Analogs (Pierce et al., 2014) MACA-L: Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012, bias corrected by Livneh et al., 2013) MACA-M: Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012, bias corrected by METDATA, Abatzoglou, 2013) Users interested in the downscaled temperature and precipitation files are referred to the dataset home pages: BCCA, BCSD-C: http://gdo-dcp.ucllnl.org/downscaled_cmip_projections/dcpInterface.html BCSD-F: https://cds.nccs.nasa.gov/nex/ LOCA: http://loca.ucsd.edu/ MACA-L, MACA-M: http://maca.northwestknowledge.net The GCMs are the following: bcc-csm1-1, CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, GFDL-ESM2G, GFDL-ESM2M, inmcm4, IPSL-CM5A-LR, IPSL-CM5A-MR, MIROC-ESM, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, MIROC5, MRI-CGCM3, NorESM1-M

We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs. All simulations span the present (for example, 1968 to 1999), common periods of the future (2040 to 2069), and two simulations continuously cover 2010 to 2099. The trace gas concentrations in our simulations were the same as those of the GCMs: the IPCC 20th century time series for 1968 to 1999 and the A2 time series for simulations of the future. We demonstrate that RegCM3 is capable of producing present day annual and seasonal climatologies of air temperature and precipitation that are in good agreement with observations. Important features of the high-resolution climatology of temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture are consistently reproduced in all model runs over WNA and ENA. The simulations provide a potential range of future climate change for selected decades and display common patterns of the direction and magnitude of changes. As expected, there are some model to model differences that limit interpretability and give rise to uncertainties. Here, we provide background information about the GCMs and the RegCM3, a basic evaluation of the model output and examples of simulated future climate. We also provide information needed to access the web applications for visualizing and downloading the data, and give complete metadata that describe the variables in the datasets.

PCIC offers statisically downscaled daily climate scenarios, at a gridded resolution of 300 arc-seconds (0.0833 degrees, or roughly 10 km) for the simulated period of 1950-2100. The variables available include minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. These downscaling outputs are based on Global Climate Model (GCM) projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and historical daily gridded climate data for Canada. Statistical properties and spatial patterns of the downscaled scenarios are based on this gridded observational dataset, which represents one approximation of the actual historical climate. Gridded values may differ from climate stations and biases may be present at high elevations or in areas with low station density. Projected change from historical (1950-2005) in several indices of climate extremes under three Global Circulation Models for two time periods (2050s and 2080s) under RCP 8.5 is provided.

We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs. All simulations span the present (for example, 1968 to 1999), common periods of the future (2040 to 2069), and two simulations continuously cover 2010 to 2099. The trace gas concentrations in our simulations were the same as those of the GCMs: the IPCC 20th century time series for 1968 to 1999 and the A2 time series for simulations of the future. We demonstrate that RegCM3 is capable of producing present day annual and seasonal climatologies of air temperature and precipitation that are in good agreement with observations. Important features of the high-resolution climatology of temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture are consistently reproduced in all model runs over WNA and ENA. The simulations provide a potential range of future climate change for selected decades and display common patterns of the direction and magnitude of changes. As expected, there are some model to model differences that limit interpretability and give rise to uncertainties. Here, we provide background information about the GCMs and the RegCM3, a basic evaluation of the model output and examples of simulated future climate. We also provide information needed to access the web applications for visualizing and downloading the data, and give complete metadata that describe the variables in the datasets.

This data release contains inputs for and outputs from a hydrologic simulation for the conterminous United States (CONUS) using the WRF-Hydro modeling system version 5.2.0 (Gochis and others, 2020) at the NHDPlus version 2 spatial resolution. This simulation was developed to provide water budget estimates for the period 10/1/2009 to 9/30/2021 using the bias adjusted version of the CONUS404 (CONUS404BA) atmospheric forcings dataset (Zhang and others, 2024). The WRF-Hydro model input files are included within this data release and consist of two configuration files, two simulation restart files, nine parameter files, and five types of output files. Each output type has a file for each timestep of the model application simulation. All model files are archived on the U.S. Geological Survey's Black Pearl tape drive system. The data can be accessed through a Globus endpoint here: https://app.globus.org/file-manager/collections/bf01ea19-425e-4434-809f-4e44ac550b1c/overview. The Entity and Attribute element of the metadata file contains the data descriptions for all the variables in each of the five types of output files. Please refer to the Supplemental Information element of this metadata record for further information on this model application.

This data release contains inputs for and outputs from a hydrologic simulation for the conterminous United States (CONUS) using the WRF-Hydro modeling system version 5.2.0 (Gochis and others, 2020) at the NHDPlus version 2 spatial resolution. This simulation was developed to provide water budget estimates for the period 10/1/2009 to 9/30/2021 using the bias adjusted version of the CONUS404 (CONUS404BA) atmospheric forcings dataset (Zhang and others, 2024). The WRF-Hydro model input files are included within this data release and consist of two configuration files, two simulation restart files, nine parameter files, and five types of output files. Each output type has a file for each timestep of the model application simulation. All model files are archived on the U.S. Geological Survey's Black Pearl tape drive system. The data can be accessed through a Globus endpoint here: https://app.globus.org/file-manager/collections/bf01ea19-425e-4434-809f-4e44ac550b1c/overview. The Entity and Attribute element of the metadata file contains the data descriptions for all the variables in each of the five types of output files. Please refer to the Supplemental Information element of this metadata record for further information on this model application.

This collection contains three statistically downscaled time series (datasets) for the Red River Basin (South Central U.S.), and one dataset used as historical observations. In particular, three different Global Climate Models (MPI-ESM-LR, CCSM4 and MIROC5) were downscaled using three different quantile mapping methods (CDFt, EDQM and BCQM). We do not recommend the use of the BCQM method, as the CDFt method is considered an improvement of it. The datasets created using the BCQM method are published as a demonstration of the risks of using flawed methods. The variables of interest are: daily maximum and minimum temperature, and daily precipitation. The spatial resolution of the datasets in the collection is 1/10th of a degree (~ 11 km). The statistically downscaled datasets include local climate projections of three different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs - 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) for the 21st century (2006 – 2099), and for the historical (1961-2005) period. The project was funded by the CIDA – South Central Climate Science Center.