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Work Release in the State of Washington, 1990-1993
Work release programs allow selected prisoners nearing the end of their terms to work in the community, returning to correctional facilities or community residential facilities in nonworking hours. This project was designed as both a randomized and quasi-experimental field study to assess the effectiveness of work release in the Seattle area. It evaluated the impact of work release sentencing on recidivism and on corrections costs by comparing a sample of inmates who participated in work release with a comparable sample of inmates who completed their sentences in prison. The study was designed to answer the following questions: (1) What are the background and offense characteristics of offenders assigned to work release in the Seattle area? (2) What types of services are received by offenders in work release? and (3) How does the community experience of work release participants compare to that of similar offenders discharged directly into the Seattle community without having gone through work release? For each offender, detailed information was collected on measures relating to work release participation and recidivism outcomes. Information was gathered from Department of Corrections institutional files, work release program records, computerized payment information for legal and financial obligations, and statewide criminal history records. For each offender, background and six- and twelve-month reviews were completed. Part 1, Background Data, supplies variables that cover inmate demographics, employment history, drug use, current offense, prior criminal history, and risk/needs items. Part 2, Drug Testing Data, lists the types of drugs tested for, types of drugs for which there were positive results, and sanctions for drug use. Part 3, Offender Status Data, provides information on inmates' supervision status and the types of programs they participated in. Part 4, Prison Data, includes the number of days spent at different institutions and prerelease centers, work assignment, and prison infractions. Part 5, Work Release Data, contains information on the number of days spent at different work release facilities and any time spent in jail or on escape status while in work release. Data in this file also cover contacts and services received during work release, including personal and phone contacts between the work release participant and community corrections officer at the job and other sites, monitoring checks (employment verification, criminal records checks), sessions in outpatient counseling (drug, alcohol, family, other), employment (number of attempted and completed job interviews, primary job classification, length of employment, wages, and reason left), drug testing (date and type of test, type of positives, sanction imposed), infractions during work release and their sanctions, and arrests and their sanctions. Part 6, Community Placement Data, provides variables on the number of days each month that the offender was on the street, in work release, in pretrial detention, or in other custody, while Part 7, Post-Release Data, focuses on the number of days each month that the offender was on the street, in pretrial detention, or in prison or jail after being released from the work release program. Variables in Part 8, Infractions Data, pertain to the number and types of infractions and associated sanctions. Part 9, Recidivism Data, provides information on each offense after discharge from the program, including the date of the offense, nature of arrest, disposition, and sentence.
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Assessing the Impact of Post-Release Community Supervision on Post-Release Recidivism and Employment, United States, 2004-2011
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This study sought to examine the effect of of two separate forms of post-prison supervision on offender recidivism and employment outcomes: split supervision and conditional release supervision. In order to assess the effect of post-prison supervision on reentry outcomes for Florida inmates, this study addressed the following research questions: What is the impact of post-release supervision on employment and recidivism? Do various types of post-release supervision result in different outcomes of employment and recidivism? How does the length of post-release supervision impact employment and recidivism? Florida was chosen as the state of focus because of its shift from indeterminate to determinate sentencing and elimination of parole in the 1980s. Researchers used arrest data, corrections data, and employment data from the Federal Department of Corrections, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, and the Florida Department of Revenue.
Employment Services for Ex-Offenders, 1981-1984: Boston, Chicago, and San Diego
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This study was conducted to test whether job counseling and placement services, accompanied by intensive follow-up after placement, would significantly increase the effectiveness of employment programs for individuals recently released from prison. Data were collected on personal, criminal, and employment backgrounds, including the type, duration, and pay of previous employment, living arrangements, marital status, criminal history, and characteristics of the employment placement.
Pretrial Release Practices in the United States, 1976-1978
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Funded by the National Institute of Justice, this data collection represents Phase II of a larger project to evaluate pretrial release practices. The study focuses on four major topics: (1) release--rates and types of releases, defendant or case characteristics and their impact on the release decision, (2) court appearance --extent to which released defendants appear in court, factors associated with defendants' failure to appear in court, (3) pretrial criminality--number of rearrests during the pretrial period and the factors predicting rearrest, charges and rates of conviction for crimes committed during the pretrial period, and (4) impact of pretrial release programs--effect of programs on release decisions and on the behavior of defendants. The study is limited to adult defendants processed through state and local trial courts, and to pretrial release rather than pretrial intervention or diversion programs. Part 1 is an analysis of release practices and outcomes in eight jurisdictions (Baltimore City and Baltimore County, Maryland, Washington, DC, Dade County, Florida, Jefferson County, Kentucky, Pima County, Arizona, Santa Cruz County, California, and Santa Clara County, California). The pretrial release "delivery systems," that is, the major steps and individuals and organizations in the pretrial release process, were analyzed in each jurisdiction. Additionally, a sample of defendants from each site was studied from point of arrest to final case disposition and sentencing. Part 2 of this study examines the impact of the existence of pretrial release programs on release, court appearance, and pretrial release outcomes. An experimental design was used to compare a group of defendants who participated in a pretrial release program with a control group who did not. Experiments were conducted in Pima County (Tucson), Arizona, Baltimore City, Maryland, Lincoln, Nebraska, and Jefferson County (Beaumont-Port Arthur), Texas. In Tucson, separate experiments were conducted for felony and misdemeanor cases.
Recidivism Among Released Prisoners, 1983: [United States]
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This data collection provides comprehensive criminal history data on prisoners released from custody in 1983. Precise estimates are supplied on recidivism among prisoners of all ages with all types of postrelease supervision. Data cover recidivism both within and outside the states in which the prisoners were released. Variables include sociodemographic indices, type of sentence, length of sentence, offense, court action, and date of court action.
Sandhills [North Carolina] Vocational Delivery System Evaluation Project, 1983-1987
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This data collection was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a vocational training program on post-release vocational skills, employment, and recidivism of youthful male inmates 18 to 21 years old. The study used an experimental design to examine the differences in post-release activities among three inmate groups. A comprehensive inmate data base was created to describe inmates' confinement history, employment history, and their criminal records. The contextual data files provide additional information relevant to inmates' post-release activities.
Michigan Study of Life After Prison, Administrative Data on 2003 Cohort of Michigan Parolees
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These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. The Michigan Study of Life After Prison examined the association between neighborhood context and outcomes related to employment and recidivism among the cohort of former prisoners released on parole from Michigan state prisons in one calendar year (2003), controlling for pre-incarceration neighborhood context, local labor market conditions, and a large set of individual characteristics. The primary goals of this study were to answer two questions: (1) "Are ex-offenders who are released to more disadvantaged neighborhoods (those with greater poverty, unemployment, residential turnover, etc.) more likely to recidivate?" (2) "Are ex-offenders who are released to more disadvantaged neighborhoods less likely to gain stable employment?" This research sought to supplement available literature on prisoner reentry and criminal desistance, which the researchers posit existing literature has largely ignored the role that neighborhoods play in shaping the recidivism and employment of returning prisoners. The 31 data files included as part of this collection are as follows: Cleaned Data Files: casenotearrestsreps1-4_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 4,932 Cases, 12 Variables casenotearrestsreps5-8_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 5,302 Cases, 13 Variables casenotearrestsrep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 2,321 Cases, 13 Variables casenoteemploymentreps1-4_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 4,871 Cases, 28 Variables casenoteemploymentreps5-8_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 4,754 Cases, 23 Variables casenoteemploymentrep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 2,610 Cases, 23 Variables cleanedcasenoteaddressesreps1-8_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 50,207 Cases, 72 Variables cleanedcasenoteaddressesrep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 10,309 Cases, 69 Variables preprisonaddress_all_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 5,183 Cases, 30 Variables preprisonaddress_all_rep9_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 1,017 Cases, 63 Variables postprisads_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 11,064 Cases, 41 Variables cleaned-demographics-population_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 11,064 Cases, 57 Variables simplecrimhistory.dta: 11,064 Cases, 4 Variables popSAhistory.dta: 11,064 Cases, 8 Variables deathdates_ICPSR-EDITED.dta: 308 Cases, 3 Variables popprisonenterdates.dta: 11,064 Cases, 7 Variables discharge dates.dta: 7,369 Cases, 5 Variables parole and release dates for pop.dta: 11,064 cases, 3 Variables mdoc_recidivism_measures.dta: 11,064 Cases, 6 Variables recidivism dates from transits.dta: 11,064 Cases, 8 Variables recidivism from bir.dta: 11,064 Cases, 3 Variables sample marker.dta: 3,689 Cases, 2 Variables samplereps.dta: 3,689 Cases, 2 Variables tta_rsid_rep.dta: 1,363 Cases, 2 Variables Contextual Data Files: Complete.data.file.dta: 2,757 Cases, 1,055 Variables countyemployment.dta: 10,956 Cases, 6 Variables places.dta: 5,004 Cases, 5 Variables TractDataInterpolated-long.dta: 57,036 Cases, 50 Variables TractDataInterpolated-wide.dta: 2,716 Cases, 1,009 Variables tractscales2000.dta: 2,716 Cases, 49 Variables urbanicity + density.dta: 2,716 Cases, 9 Variables Demographic variables included: gender, race, educational attainment, age, employment, and marital status.
Recidivism: Beginning 2008
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Represents return status within three years of release among inmates released to the community during a particular calendar year. Each data record represents a release to the community as a result of completing maximum sentence, reaching conditional release date, or being approved for release by the Board of Parole. The dataset includes data about release year, county of indictment, gender, age at release, and return status.
Improving the Success of Reentry Programs: Identifying the Impact of Service-Need Fit on Recidivism in 14 States, 2004-2011
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These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. This study, with assistance from the National Institute of Justice's Data Resources Program (FY2012), is a reanalysis of data from the national evaluation of the federal Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI). SVORI provided funding to 69 agencies across the United States to enhance reentry programs and coordination between corrections and community services. The national evaluation covered 16 of these sites, twelve of which provided services to the 2,054 adult ex-prisoners who are the focus of the present study. The purpose of this study is to understand whether or not offenders receive the services they say they need, and whether the degree of 'fit' between this self-reported criminogenic need and services received is related to recidivism. This study analyzes data from the SVORI multisite evaluation to assess the potential explanations for the mixed effectiveness of reentry programs. The goal is to understand whether or not service-risk/need fit is related to successful reentry outcomes, or whether the needs of returning prisoners are unrelated to their risk of recidivism regardless of how well they are addressed. For the present study researchers obtained the SVORI (ICPSR 27101) outcome evaluation datasets from the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD). The archive holds four separate datasets from the evaluation: Adult Males Data (Part 1, N=1,697), Adult Females Data (Part 2, N=357), Juvenile Males Data (Part 3, N=337) and official recidivism and reincarceration data (Part 4, N=35,469), which can be linked on a one-to-many basis with the individual-level data in the other three datasets. To prepare the SVORI data for analysis researchers merged Datasets 1 and 2 (Adult Males and Adult Females) and created seven separate datasets containing Waves 1 through 4 survey data, National Crime Information Center (NCIC) crime data, administrative data, and sampling weights. This deposit to NACJD is intended to complement the existing SVORI dataset (ICPSR 27101). It contains an R syntax file to be used with the datasets contained in the ICPSR 27101 collection.