Estimates of London's population between 1801 and 2021 (persons present 1801 to 1971 and usual residents for 1981 to 2021) derived from historic Census data. Figures for years before 1931 are estimates by the Greater London Council published in Research Memorandum 413, 'The Changing Population of the London Boroughs'. Figures for 1931, 1951, and 1961 were published in 'Census 1961 Greater London Tables'; Figures for 1971 to 2021 are taken from individual censuses.

Detailed Country of birth, by borough from the 2011 Census. Most detailed country of birth (274 countries), by borough. Data taken from 2011 Census Commissioned table CT0048 (ONS). Source: 2011 Census (27 March). File contains two tables of the same data with boroughs arranged down the side and along the top. Visualise the data in this Instant Atlas report. Similar data to this at ward level is available in this census tool.

Number of civil partnership ceremonies by place of formation. The Civil Partnership Act 2004 came into force on 5 December 2005 in the UK, the first day couples could give notice of their intention to form a civil partnership. The first day that couples could normally form a partnership was 19 December 2005 in Northern Ireland, 20 December 2005 in Scotland and 21 December 2005 in England and Wales (18 civil partnerships were formed under special arrangements before these dates. These are included in the figures. All were in England and Wales). The Act enables same-sex couples aged 16 and over to obtain legal recognition of their relationship. Figures are based on country of formation and not country of residence. These relate only to civil partnerships taking place in the constituent countries of the UK. They do not include civil partnerships of UK residents taking place abroad, but do include non UK residents who form a partnership in the UK. Figures for England and Wales are based on date of formation. Figures for Scotland and Northern Ireland are based on date of registration.

Life expectancy at birth and age 65 by sex. Data for 2000-2002 to 2008-2010 revised on 24 July 2013. Local authorities based on boundaries as of 2010. England and Wales figures - non-resident deaths included. Figures given for 3 combined years to increase reliability at local levels. UK data: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/subnational-health4/life-expec-at-birth-age-65/index.html Download more from ONS website

Lower and Middle Super Output Area populations by single year of age for both current and previous boundaries. Data for previous boundaries has been apportioned by the Greater London Authority. Areas that have merged were calculated using proportions from previous Mid-year population estimates (pre-revision) and applying it to the current estimates. Data downloads: Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) - current LSOA boundaries (2011) (ZIPPED) 2001-2014 - previous LSOA boundaries (2001) (ZIPPED) 2001-2013 no longer updated Middle Super Output Areas (MSOA) - current MSOA boundaries (2011) 2002-2014 - previous MSOA boundaries (2001) 2001-2013 no longer updated The data is presented by sex and single year of age and also in a custom-age tool. Simply enter the age group required for males and females and the tool will automatically calculate the figure. NB Data for current boundaries includes single year of age data for 85-89, while data for previous boundaries contains single years up to 85+. Land Area and Population Density for MSOA and LSOA (2011) is available for most recent year in a separate file. Download from ONS or new ONS page.

This series has been discontinued. Life expectancy at birth and age 65 by sex and ward, London borough, region, 1999/03 - 2010/14. The population data used is revised 2002-2010 ONS mid year estimates (MYE) - revised post 2011 Census. Revised population estimates by single year of age for wards can also be found on the ONS website for 2002-2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013. These figures are consistent with the published revised mid-2002 to mid-2010 local authority estimates. Rolling 5-year combined life expectancies are used for wards to reduce the effects of the variability in number of deaths in each year. The same method is applied to higher geographies to enable meaningful comparisons. However, 3-year combined expectancies are published separately on the Datastore for geographical areas that are local authority and above. If the GLA publish revised 2002-2010 population data for wards then these life expectancy figures will also be revised to reflect them. The ONS vital statistics mortality data breaks deaths into 10 year age bands. 5 year age band deaths were modelled using this data. Vital Statistics: Population and Health Reference Tables are available on the ONS website here. The tool for calculating life expectancy is available from Public Health England. The highest age band in the calculator is currently 85+. If the tool is updated with a higher upper age band (ie 90+), this data will be revised to reflect this change. Healthy life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy (1999-2003) at birth have been calculated for wards in England and Wales. These can be found on the ONS website. This data is also presented in the GLA ward profiles.

Number and percentage of dwellings by tenure, and type of dwelling, including condition. Download data from NeSS Website

Daytime population - The estimated number of people in a borough in the daytime during an average day, broken down by component sub-groups. The figures given are an average day during school term-time. No account has been made for seasonal variations, or for people who are usually in London (resident, at school or working), but are away visiting another place. Sources include the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) (available under license), Annual Population Survey (APS), 2011 Census, Department for Education (DfE), International Passenger Survey (IPS), GB Tourism Survey (GBTS), Great Britain Day Visit Survey (GBDVS), GLA Population Projections, and GLA Economics estimates (GLAE). The figures published in these sources have been used exactly as they appear - no further adjustments have been made to account for possible sampling errors or questionnaire design flaws. Day trip visitors are defined as those on day trips away from home for three hours or more and not undertaking activities that would regularly constitute part of their work or would be a regular leisure activity. International visitors – people from a country other than the UK visiting the location; Domestic overnight tourists – people from other parts of the UK staying in the location for at least one night. All visitor data is modelled and unrounded. This edition was released on 7 October 2015 and replaces the previous estimates for 2013. GLA resident population, 2011 Census resident population, and 2011 Census workday populations (by sex) included for comparison. See a visualisation of this data using Tableau. For more workday population data by age use the Custom Age-Range Tool for Census 2011 Workday population , or download data for a range of geographical levels from NOMIS.

Data shows the number of businesses (local units such as a factory or a shop) by Broad Industry Groups. Analyses are provided for VAT and/or PAYE based enterprises and local units. Where an enterprise has several local units, the location of the enterprise is generally the main operating site or the head office. The SIC groupings changed in 2009 when SIC2007 was used for the first time. Since 2008 the publication has been enhanced to include enterprises based on PAYE employers that are not also registered for VAT, extending the scope from the previous VAT based enterprise publication. This is a major change to the scope of the publication. The increase in units is most noticeable in the VAT-exempt industries of finance (J), education (M), health (N) and public administration (L, O and Q). Analysis is provided for VAT and/or PAYE based enterprises and local units. Where an enterprise has several local units, the location of the enterprise is generally the main operating site or the head office. This data is available on the ONS website. Data is an extract compiled from the Inter Departmental Business Register (IDBR) recording the number of local units that were live at a reference date in March.

Table shows estimates of resident population by 5 year age band from the 2011 Census of England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England Wales local authorities, counties and regions, plus districts of Scotland and Northern Ireland and total UK population are included. 1) For the 2011 Census, a usual resident of the UK is anyone who, on census day 2011, was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more, or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months. 2) The age of a person is derived from their date of birth. It is their age in years on their last birthday up to and including census day 2011. Dates of birth that imply an age over 115 are treated as invalid and the person's age is imputed. 3) Council area boundaries as at 1 April 2011. 4) Scotland figures in this table may not add exactly because they have been rounded to the nearest hundred. 5) Scotland has not published data by 5 year bands above 80, so all people aged 80+ are included in the 80-84 age group. Sources: Table qs103ew (England and Wales) Table A1 (Scotland) Table QS104NI (Northern Ireland)