This metadata record is the parent umbrella under which data from the 2008/09, 2013/14 and 2014/15 summer will be housed. See the child records for access to the data. Manmade CO2 has increased ocean acidity by 30% and it is projected to rise 300% by 2100. Antarctic waters will be amongst the earliest and most severely affected by this increase. Microbes are the base of the marine food chain and primary drivers of the biological pump. This project will incubate natural communities of Antarctic marine microbes in minicosms at a range of CO2 concentrations to quantify changes in their structure and function, the physiological responses that drive these changes, and provide input to models that predict effects on biogeochemical cycles and Antarctic food webs

Data acquisition: Samples were collected using a 1.5 metre diameter Ring net (150 micron metre mesh) with a wide cod-end on the base (volume approximately 40 Litres). Vertical trawls were to 20 m (unless otherwise specified). Deployment speed was determined by wave conditions with hauling speed at slowest possible speed available by the gantry (approximately than 2 meters per second). The net was rinsed with sea water before the cod-end was removed and the contents determined by observing a sub-sample under the light microscope. Appendicualrians were separated and preserved while the remaining contents of the cod-end were sieved through 120 micrometre mesh and preserved to be sorted more accurately on return to the laboratories. The appendicularians were quantified and sorted under light microscopes with additional randomly selected individuals being prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging to enable identification to species level and some Oikopleura gaussica stomach's where dissected for SEM dietary analysis. Data processing: Data are being processed using 'statistica 6' (and possibly PRIMER or PATN) to determine correlations with physical parameters obtained from underway data, the CTD and the microbial biologist. Dataset Format: Database is an excel spreadsheet Parameters: Leg - identification number of southern bound legs Event number - deployment number Station - leg number . sample point number CTD - number of corresponding CTD (conductivity, Temperature Depth sample point) Date - date/month/year Time (UTC) Latitude Longitude NET (mesh (micro meters) type) - Net type and mesh size in micro meters (150) DEPTH (m) - vertical trawl depth APPENDICULARIANS - count of appendicularians from ship and laboratory based sorting Fritiliaria drygalski - count of Fritillaridae's from ship and laboratory based sorting Oiklopleura gaussica - count of Oikopleuridae's from ship and laboratory based sorting Alive - count of live appendicularians from ship based sorting SEM IMAGE - individual appendicularians and/or O. gaussica stomach SEM images have been taken SEM Stub number - stub number that is first two numbers of SEM images SAMPLE TYPE - BARCODE Zooplankton - cod-end contents sieved and preserved Appendicularians - sorted from cod-end Live - live appendicularians (now preserved) Other 1- samples that did not fit in to the above categories or additional samples for station Other 2- additional samples for station that did not fit in to the above categories This work was completed as part of ASAC projects 2655 and 2679 (ASAC_2655, ASAC_2679).

This metadata record will contain the results of bioassays conducted to characterise the response of Antarctic near-shore marine zooplankton to hydrocarbon contaminants in Special Antarctic Blend (SAB) diesel fuels commonly used in Antarctica. The results from one summer season (2010-11) are in this record. This was conducted under the AAS Project 3054: Ecological risks from oil products used in Antarctica: characterising hydrocarbon behaviour and assessing toxicity on sensitive early life stages of Antarctic marine invertebrates. Exposure solutions of fuel were experimentally mixed by slow stir of fuel and seawater in temperature control cabinets at -1 degree C to prepare a mixture of fuel hydrocarbons in filtered seawater (FSW) termed the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF). WAF was produced by adding fuel to seawater in 5 L or 10 L Pyrex glass bottles using a ratio of 1:24 Fuel : FSW. This mixture was stirred at slow speed with minimal vortex for 18 h on a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was settled for 6 h before the water portion was drawn from beneath the fuel. Ecotoxicological bioassays were conducted at Davis Stations in the 2010/11 summer season using SAB WAF to prepare experimental treatments consisting of WAF dilution series. For each bioassay, treatments consisted of undiluted 100% WAF and dilutions of 10%, 17%, 25% and 50% of WAFs in FSW, to test the toxicity of water accommodated fractions of these three fuels on Antarctic both the zooplankton community and single copepod species. Bioassays were conducted in open vessels (glass jars or beakers) in temperature controlled cabinets. Mortality was observed at endpoints of 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 96 hrs, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11days, 12 days, 14 days, 15 days, and 16 days. New WAF solutions were prepared at the 7 day interval to replenish the experimental treatments. Deionised water was added to test solutions as required to maintain test solution volume and salinity. Water quality data was collected at each water change. Samples of test treatments for chemical analysis of hydrocarbon concentration were taken at each water change. Results of these analyses are not included as delayed progress with HC analyses impacted on quality of samples and these data were not used. This dataset consists of Excel spreadsheets. The file name code for zooplankton bioassays is; Project number_Season_Taxa_Test name Eg AAS_3054_10-11_zooplankton_m1 Project number : AAS_3054 Season : 2010/11 season Taxa: Zooplankton Community Test name: M1 =Multi-species test 1 Bioassay spreadsheets contain the results of bioassays for a species or the zooplankton community. Where replicate tests were conducted, each experiment is on a separate worksheet. The worksheet labelled "Test conditions" shows details of Test name, dates, animal collection details, laboratory holding conditions, details of water accommodated fractions (WAF), and bioassay conditions. The worksheet labelled "Counts" has a table for each of the replicates, arranged into a column for each treatment type. These tables show the number or dead individuals which were found and removed at each of the observation days. The worksheet labelled "Totals" has calculations of total number of individuals (of all species) which were found dead at each observation day in each replicate. It also gives the mean and standard deviation for each of the treatments. Further information on the zooplankton community structure in the 6 samples taken across the summer, based on the community in the toxicity tests and trials, is also included in the spreadsheet "AAS_3054_10-11_zooplankton_CommStructure". Sampling locations were near-shore from Davis Station, Vestfold Hills and from O'Gorman Rocks, southwest of Anchorage Island and northwest of Plough Island.

Experimental Set-up: An unreplicated, 6-level, dose-response experiment was conducted on a natural microbial community over a range of pCO2 levels (343, 506, 634, 953, 1140 and 1641 micro atm). Seawater was collected on the 19th November 2014 approximately 1 km offshore from Davis Station, Antarctica (68 degrees 35' S, 77 degrees 58' E) from an area of ice-free water amongst broken fast-ice. The seawater was collected using a thoroughly rinsed 720L Bambi bucket slung beneath a helicopter and transferred into a 7000 L polypropalene reservoir tank. Six 650 L polyethene tanks (minicosms), located in a temperature-controlled shipping container, were immediately filled via teflon lined house via gravity with an in-line 200 micron Arkal filter to exclude metazooplankton. The minicosms were simultaneously filled to ensure they contained the same starting community. The ambient water temperature at time of collection was -1.0 degrees C and the minicosms were maintained at a temperature of 0 degrees C plus or minus 0.5 degrees C. At the centre of each minicosm there was an auger shielded for much of its length by a tube of polythene. This auger was rotated at 15 rpm to gently mix the contents of the tanks. Each minicosm tank was covered with an acrylic air-tight lid to prevent pCO2 off-gasing outside of the minicosm headspace. The minicosm experiment was conducted between the 19th November and the 7th December 2014. Initially, the contents of the tanks were given a day to equibrate to the minicosms. This was followed by a five day acclimation period to increasing pCO2 at low light (0.8 plus or minus 0.2 micro mol m-1 s-1), allowing cell physiology to acclimated to the pCO2 increase (days 1-5). During this period the pCO2 was progressively adjusted over five days to the target level for each tank (343 - 1641 micro atm). Thereafter pCO2 was adjusted daily to maintain the pCO2 level in each treatment (see carbonate chemistry section below). Following acclimation to the various pCO2 treatments light was progressively adjusted to 89 plus or minus 16 micro mol m-2 s-1 at a 19 h light:5 h dark cycle. The community was incubated and allowed to grow for a further 10 days (days 8-18) with target pCO2 adjusted back to target each day (see carbonate chemistry section below). For a more detailed description of minicosm set-up, lighting and carbonate chemistry see; Davidson, A. T., McKinlay, J., Westwood, K., Thomson, P. G., van den Enden, R., de Salas, M., Wright, S., Johnson, R., and Berry, K.:Enhanced CO2 concentrations change the structure of Antarctic marine microbial communities, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 552, 93-113, 2016. Deppeler, S. L., Petrou, K., Westwood, K., Pearce, I., Pascoe, P., Schulz, K. G., and Davidson, A. T.: Ocean acidification effects on productivity in a coastal Antarctic marine microbial community, Biogeosciences, 2017. Light microscopy sampling and analysis: Samples from each minicosm were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 for microscopic analysis to determine protistan identity and abundance. Approximately 960 mL were collected from each tank, on each day. Samples were fixed with 20 40 mL of Lugol's iodine and allowed to sediment out at 4 degrees C for greater than or equal to 4 days. Once cells had settled the supernatant was gently aspirated till approximately 200 mL remained. This was transferred to a 250 mL measuring cylinder, again allowed to settle (as above), and the supernatant gently aspirated. The remaining 20 mL. This final 20 mL was transferred into a 30 mL amber glass bottle. All samples were stored and transported at 4 degrees C to the Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Australia for analysis. Lugols-fixed and sedimented samples were analysed by light microscopy between July 2015 and February 2017. Between 2 to 10 mL (depending on cell-density) of lugols-concentrated samples was placed into a 10 mL Utermohl cylinder (Hydro-Bios, Keil) and the cells allowed to settle overnight. Due to the

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2297: Iron content of Southern Ocean phytoplankton: implications for carbon transfer to the deep sea. Data on size-fractionated distribution of suspended trace elements (including iron) in marine particles taken from the surface Southern Ocean south of Australia. Data for 4 size-fractions at 4 stations along ~142 degrees E are included. Explanation of codes used in the dataset: The isotope of the element of interest is listed down column A. LR refers to low resolution and MR medium resolution (that is the resolution of the ICPMS analytical instrument). So Mn55(LR) is the manganese isotope 55 ran in low resolution. SFP1_2um_B2_1: SFP=size-fractionated particles 1=station 1 2um=2micron filter size B2=blank 2 1=replicate 1 RSD%=relative standard deviation in % Blank=field blank Blk/sample%=blank-to-sample ratio in % CRMs_261102=certified reference materials (ran on 26 Nov 2002) Scaled up=previous column times multiplication factor (a serial dilution was used) Blk=blank subtracted certified=the value certified by the manufacturer of the reference material SLRS_1in25_1= the CRM 'SLRS', ran with a 1 in 25 dilution factor, replicate 1 DigBlk1_1=digestion blank 1, replicate 1 See the link below for public details on this project.

The variation in the phytoplankton biomass over a decadal time scale, and its relationship with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) and climate change, has been poorly interpreted because of the limited satellite chlorophylla (chl a) data compared with the physical parameters from satellite. We analysed a long-term chl a dataset along the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) cruise tracks since 1965 to investigate inter-annual variation of phytoplankton biomass. In the Southern Ocean, increasing trends of chl a and the spreading of higher chl a area to the north with 3-7 year cycles were found. Although relationships between the decadal change in chl a and climate change such as variation of sea ice extent and the El Nino are still obscure, large variation of primary production in proportion to the chl a is implied. The chl a concentration of sea surface water has been measured routinely on board the icebreakers Fuji and Shirase during almost every cruise of the JARE. The download file contains chlorophyll a data collected from ship tracks on JARE voyages between 1965 and 2002. The field in this dataset are: Date (local time) Year Latitude Longitude Corrected Chlorophyll a See the attached paper for more details. The publications on the data collected during the 1965-1976 and 1988-1993 cruises are listed in Fukuchi [1980] and Suzuki and Fukuchi [1997], respectively. For data on the 1977-1985 and 1994-1997 cruises, see [Kanda and Fukuchi, 1979; Fukuchi and Tamura, 1982; Tanimura, 1981; Watanabe and Nakajima, 1983; Ino and Fukuchi, 1984; Sasaki, 1984; Hamada et al., 1985; Fukuda et al., 1986; Hattori and Fukuchi, 1988; Midorikawa et al., 2000]. Data post 1998-2002 cruises is in Hirawake and Fukuchi [2004]. Data from the 1986-1987 will be published in the JARE data report of digital media, including all cruise data. Auxiliary Material for paper 2004GL021394 Long-term variation of surface phytoplankton chlorophyll a in the Southern Ocean during 1965-2002. Toru Hirawake, Tsuneo Odate and Mitsuo Fukuchi (National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo) Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol (Num), doi:10.1029/2004GL021394 All of the chl a data have been reported in the publications of the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR).

A meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the vulnerability of Antarctic marine biota occupying waters south of 60 degrees S to ocean acidification. Comprehensive database searches were conducted to compile all English language, peer-reviewed journals articles and literature reviews that investigated the effect of altered seawater carbonate chemistry on Southern Ocean and/or Antarctic marine organisms. A document detailing the methods used to collect these data is included in the download file.

Three experiments were performed at Davis Station, East Antarctica, 77 degrees 58' E, 68 degrees 35' S to determine the effects of ocean acidification on natural assemblages of Antarctica marine microbes (bacteria, viruses, phytoplankton and protozoa). Incubation tanks (6 * 650 L minicosms) were filled on the 30/12/08, 20/01/09 and 09/02/09 with sea water that was filtered through 200 microns mesh to remove metazoan grazers. The pH of each tank was adjusted by adding calculated amounts of CO2 saturated sea water. Treatment concentrations were maintained daily and microbial communities incubated for up to 12 days. The three experiments spanned early-, mid- and late-summer, with CO2 treatments ranging from pre-industrial to post-2100. The Excel spreadsheet contains 3 tabs: Experiment 1 - Early Summer Experiment 2 - Mid Summer Experiment 3 - Late Summer Within each tab there are measurements for: pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon, Pmax, alpha, Ek, chl a, gross primary production (14C), bacterial production (14C), cell-specific bacterial productivity, bacterial abundance, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate, silicate, ammonium, net community production, respiration, gross primary production (O2), photosynthesis:respiration ratios. Units for each measurement supplied within. Please see the following paper for interpretation of this data: Westwood, K.J., Thomson, P.G., van den Enden, R., Maher, L., Wright, S.W., Davidson, A.T. (2018). Ocean acidification impacts primary and bacterial production in Antarctic coastal waters during austral summer. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 498: 46-60, doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2017.11.003.

An unreplicated, six-level dose-response experiment was conducted using 650 L incubation tanks (minicosms) adjusted to fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) from 343 to 11641 uatm. The minicosms were filled with near-shore water from Prydz Bay, East Antarctica and the protistan composition and abundance was determined by microscopy analysis of samples collected during the 18 day incubation. Abundant taxa with low variance were examined separately, but rare taxa with high variance were combined into functional groups (descriptions below). Cluster analyses and ordinations were performed on Bray-Curtis resemblance matrixes formed from square-root transformated abundance data. This transformation was assessed as appropriate for reducing the influence of abundance species, as judged from a one-to-one relationship between observed dissimilarities and ordination distances (ie. Shepard diagram, not shown). The Bray-Curtis metric was used as it is recommended for ecological data due to its treatment of joint absences (ie. these do not contribute towards similarity), and giving more weight to abundant taxa rather than rare taxa. The data days 1 to 8 and then days 8 to 18 were analysed separately to distinguish community structure in the acclimation period and in the exponential growth phase during the incubation period of the experiment. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analyses, based on the Bray-Curtis resemblance matrix, was performed using group-average linkage. Significantly different clusters of samples were determined using SIMPROF (similarity profile permutations method) with an alpha value of 0.05 and based on 1000 permutations. An unconstrained ordination by non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) was performed on the resemblance matrix with a primary (`weak') treatment of ties. This was repeated over 50 random starts to ensure a globally optimal solution according to . Clusters are displayed in the nMDS using colour. Weighted average of sample scores are shown in the nMDS to show the approximate contribution of each species to each sample. The assumption of a linear trend for predictors within the ordination was checked for each covariate, and in all instances was found to be justified. A constrained canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) was conducted according to the Vegan protocol using the Bray-Curtis resemblance matrix. This analysis was used to assess the significance of the environmental covariates, or constraints, in determining the microbial community structure. Unlike the nMDS ordination, the CAP analysis uses the resemblance matrix to partition the total variance in the community composition into unconstrained and constrained components, with the latter comprising only the variation that can be attributed to the constraining variables, fCO2, Si, P and NOx. Random reassignment of sample resemblance was performed over 199 permutations to compute the pseudo-F statistic as a measure of significance of each environmental constraint in the structural change of the microbial community. A forward selection strategy was used to choose a minimum subset of significant constraints that still account for the majority of the variation within the microbial community. All analysis were performed using R v1.0.136 and the add-on package vegan v2.4-2. Protistan taxa and functional group descriptions and abbreviations: Autotrophic Dinoflagellate (AD) - including Gymnodinium sp., Heterocapsa and other unidentified autotrophic dinoflagellates Bicosta antennigera (Ba) Chaetoceros (Cha) - mainly Chaetoceros castracanei and Chaetoceros tortissimus but also other Chaetoceros present including C. aequatorialis var antarcticus, C. cf. criophilus, C. curvisetus, C. dichaeta, C. flexuosus, C. neogracilis, C. simplex Choanoflagellates (except Bicosta) (Cho) - mainly Diaphanoeca multiannulata but also Parvicorbicula circularis and Parvicorbicula socialis present in low numbers Ciliates (Cil) - mostly cf. Strombidium but other ciliates