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Geology of the Spearhead Mountain Stock, Sheldon Lake Map sheet, Yukon Territory
A two square mile stock of biotite quartz monzonite forms the core of Spearhead Mountain. The stock has intruded Ordovician and Silurian sediments and has thermalIy altered them for a distance of up to one quarter mile. Mineralizing fluids ascended near vertical cooling fractures in the quartz monzonite, creating a porphyry copper deposit of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Trend surfaces from the first to the third order were established from plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz and total mafic minerals modal data and specific gravity values for the intrusive rock. Quartz, total mafic minerals and specific gravity vary systematically while orthoclase and plagioclase have erratic distributions. Contoured modal data and second degree trend surfaces for quartz, specific gravity and total mafic minerals show a circular distribution pattern. Linear trend surfaces indicate northwesterly and southeasterly gradients for quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase and specific gravity. The original homogeneous granitic magma was contaminated by silica assimilation of the intruded, highly siliceous sediments. Incomplete diffusion of the contaminating silica Iead to a circular outward increase in silica and a corresponding outward decrease in mafic minerals, but did not significantly affect the distribution of orthoclase or plagioclase. The circular zonation of the high specific gravity mafic minerals gave rise to a similar zonation of specific gravities. This thesis is available online at http://data.geology.gov.yk.ca/Reference/68112. A copy of this thesis is available at the EMR library – QE195 S26.
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Paleozoic stratigraphy, tectonics and metallogeny of the Pelly Mountains, Quiet Lake and Finlayson Lake map areas (NTS 105F and G), central Yukon: Project outline and preliminary field results
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Paleozoic rocks of the Pelly Mountains, central Yukon, preserve greater than 150 m.y. of sedimentation, magmatism and base-metal mineralization. To identify secular trends in regional tectonics and metallogeny, a multi-year project on the stratigraphy of the Pelly Mountains in the Quiet Lake (105F) and Finlayson Lake (105G) map areas was initiated. Field studies during summer 2015 focused on two stratigraphic intervals: (1) mafic volcanic, volcaniclastic and clastic rock successions assigned to the Cambrian-Ordovician Cloutier and Groundhog formations (Kechika group); and (2) felsic volcanic, volcaniclastic and clastic rock successions assigned to the Devonian-Mississippian Black Slate and Felsic Volcanic formations (Seagull group). Cambrian-Ordovician strata were deposited in a marine environment characterized by episodic mafic volcanism and extensional tectonism. Devonian-Mississippian strata record the transition from an extensional turbidite basin to a metalliferous volcanic rift basin, and resemble key rock assemblages of the Selwyn basin (Earn Group) and Yukon-Tanana terrane (Grass Lakes and Wolverine Lake groups).
Geology of the Mount Brenner Stock near Dawson City, Yukon Territory
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The Mount Brenner stock has intruded folded sedimentary and meta sedimentary rock that lie 40 miles northeast of Dawson City, Yukon. The stock consists of four major concentric zones: (l) an outer zone of fine to medium-grained augite-biotite monzonite; (2) a zone of very coarse-grained monzonite porphyry; (3) an intermediate zone of porphyritic horn blende monzonite; and (4) a central zone of coarse-grained pink quartz monzonite porphyry. Except for the outer zone, all rock types are porphyritic and the alignment of feldspar phenocrysts gives the rocks a primary flow structure which conforms to steeply outward dipping gradational internal contacts. All external contacts are sharp. The regional structural trend is modified in the vicinity of the stock so that beds are generally conformable with the intrusive contact. From structural evidence, it is concluded that at the present level of erosion, the stock was emplaced by forceful injection. The different rock zones of the stock can be accounted for by differentiation of an augite-biotite monzonite magma by a combination of crystal fractionation, volatile and alkali diffusion, and multiple intrusion. This thesis is available online at https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0053527. A copy of this thesis is available from the EMR library – QE195 L35.
Deconstructing complex Au-Ag-Cu mineralization, Sonora Gulch project, Dawson Range: A Late Cretaceous evolution to the epithermal environment
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We present new field and U-Pb analytical data from the Sonora Gulch Project that demonstrate a protracted history of polymetallic mineralization (Au-Ag-Cu-Zn ± Mo) associated with several pulses of Cretaceous magmatism. Recent exploration on the Sonora Gulch Project has highlighted the presence of two important mineralized zones: the Nightmusic zone, a mesothermal Au-enriched base metal skarn, and the Amadeus zone, an epithermal Au-Ag system. Four U-Pb age dates determined from each of two feldspar porphyry dykes (ca. 74 Ma), a weakly mineralized quartz porphyry stock (ca. 75 Ma) within the Nightmusic zone and the Au-Ag mineralized Amadeus stock (ca. 75 Ma), demonstrate the widespread occurrence of Late Cretaceous magmatism. The age determinations indicate that mineralization occurring within the Sonora Gulch project area are temporally equivalent to the Casino Cu-Au-Mo deposit, located roughly 40 km to the west-northwest. These new data extend the currently known eastern limit of Late Cretaceous magmatism and associated mineralization.
Bedrock geology of the Teslin Mountain and east Lake Laberge areas, south-central Yukon
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Mafic volcanic and clastic strata of the Middle Triassic Joe Mountain Formation, east of Lake Laberge, Yukon, represent a juvenile volcanic arc sequence. Mafic volcanic rocks of the Upper Triassic Lewes River Group were formed in the spatial and temporal continuity of Joe Mountain volcanism. Carbonate sedimentation took place in shallow oceanic subbasins adjacent to the arc from the Carnian to Rhaetian; these subbasins were separated by physiographic boundaries inherent to the arc, resulting in lateral stratigraphic variations. Polymictic conglomerate and turbiditic sequences of the Lower-Middle Jurassic Laberge Group unconformably overlie Triassic rocks. Two north-northwest strike-slip faults, the Laurier Creek and the Goddard, control the distribution of units. Joe Mountain Formation rocks are characterized by an east-west structural trend, whereas the Upper Triassic and Jurassic sequences are characterized by north-northwest trending tight folds and thrust faults. At least five post-accretion igneous suites intrude or overlie older stratigraphy, including the Late Cretaceous Open Creek volcanic complex.
Bedrock Geology, Dorsey Lake (NTS 105B/4), southern Yukon (1:50,000 scale)
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The layered rocks in this area originated as continental shelf sediments overlain by volcanic arc successions. Now called Yukon-Tanana terrane, they tectonically over-rode the western edge of ancient North America beginning in Middle Jurassic time. Three elements are present in the map area. The west half comprises the Big Salmon Complex; the east half is a separate, in part contemporaneous succession composed of the Dorsey Complex and Swift River Group. Unconformably overlying both these elements are less metamorphosed Klinkit Group and Triassic sediments that are here interpreted as overlap assemblages. The unexposed contact between Big Salmon Complex and Swift River Group is inferred to be an east-side-down normal fault.
Volcanic-hosted epithermal gold-sulphide mineralization and associated enrichment processes, Sixtymile River area, Yukon Territory, Canada
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The upper Sixtymile River area is located approximately 128 km west of Dawson City, Yukon. Lithology in this area consists of Precambrian to Paleozoic metamorphic rocks, Paleozoic ultramafic rocks, Middle Jurassic pegmatitic and aplitic dikes, Upper Cretaceous porphyritic dikes and volcanic rocks with intercalated sedimentary rocks, Quaternary alkaline basaltic dikes and Quaternary alluvial sediments. Precious metal occurrences in these volcanic rocks are divided into two types, based on differences in local distribution, petrology and wall rock alteration: a gold-bearing pyrite-arsenopyrite type and a silver-bearing galena-sphalerite type. Both types are characterized by four stages of mineralization.
Geochemistry of Devono–Mississippian volcanic and intrusive rocks of the Finlayson Lake district, Yukon-Tanana terrane, Yukon
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The Finlayson Lake district in southeastern Yukon is a remnant of a Late Paleozoic arc–back-arc system that consists of metamorphosed volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary rocks of the Yukon-Tanana and Slide Mountain terranes. These rocks host more than 40 Mt of polymetallic resources in numerous occurrences and styles of volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) mineralization. Geochemical data from these rocks support previous interpretations that volcanism and plutonism occurred in arc–marginal arc (e.g., Fire Lake formation) and continental back-arc basin environments (e.g., Kudz Ze Kayah formation, Wind Lake formation, and Wolverine Lake group) where felsic magmatism formed from varying mixtures of crust and mantle-derived material. The rocks have elevated high field strength element (HFSE) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations in VMS-proximal stratigraphy relative to VMS-barren assemblages, suggesting that the petrogenetic conditions that generated felsic rocks likely played a role in the localization of VMS mineralization. Future work aims to constrain magmatic processes and outline prospectivity criteria for delineating productive VMS assemblages within the district, and in similar geodynamic settings globally.
Preliminary geology of Rose Mountain, Anvil District, central Yukon (105 K/5)
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A 2000 m thick succession of six metasedimentary and metavolcanic units ranging in age from Ordovician through Permian strikes northwest and dips moderately to the southwest in the Rose Mountain area (105K/05). Units 3-6 have conformable contacts exposed and form a continuous succession. Units 1, 2 and 4 are correlated with lower to middle Paleozoic regional stratigraphic units of ancestral North America. Unit 3 consists of pale green argillite with lesser chert pebble conglomerate, sandstone and shale chip breccia interbeds, and is unique to the Rose Mountain area. Unit 5 is bedded chert and is correlated with North American Mount Christie formation. Unit 5 is also similar to chert units in Slide Mountain Terrane. Unit 6 correlates with basalts of the Slide Mountain Terrane. Unit 4 is correlated with Earn Group and contains two stratiform barite horizons. No sulphides are visibly associated with the barite, but the unit is favourable for stratiform base metal mineralization. All units contain one major deformation fabric. This contrasts with structural style immediately to the northeast where two major deformation fabrics occur. The Rose Mountain fabric is correlated with the older deformation fabric present to the northeast.
Bedrock Geology, Morris Lake (105B/5), southern Yukon (1:50,000 scale)
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Between the Cretaceous granitic rocks (Hake Batholith on the west; Cassiar Batholith to the east) are three belts of metamorphic rocks, collectively part of Yukon-Tanana terrane. These are remnants of oceanic and continental volcanic arcs, and marginal basin sediments of Early to mid-Paleozoic age. At the head of Borden Creek are thick carbonate and andesitic volcanic rocks correlated with Klinkit Group. The Ram Creek fault and Hidden Lake fault are not exposed but deduced to be steeply dipping brittle structures with northeastward thrust or transpressional offset, based upon more complete exposure to the southeast in 105B/3 map area. The former is likely of Cretaceous age; the latter was active between mid-Permian and Early Jurassic time.
Lithogeochemistry of meta-volcanic rocks from Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Finlayson lake region, Yukon: Preliminary results
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In this paper, we present a preliminary assessment of the lithogeochemical characteristics of meta-volcanic rocks in the Finlayson Lake region. Unit 2 mafic meta-volcanic rocks are subdivided into three suites: 1) low Ti tholeiites and boninites (suite 2a); 2) transitional (oceanic island basalt, OIB?), Light Rare Earth Element (LREE) -enriched tholeiites (suite 2b); and 3) normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (suite 2c; N-MORB). Suite 2a has similarities to rocks formed in ancient suprasubduction zone ophiolites and in forearcs in modern intraoceanic arcs. Unit 3 felsic meta-volcanic rocks comprise two subdivisions: 1) a low Eu/Eu*, Zr/Y, and Ce/Yb N suite (3a); and 2) a higher Eu/Eu*, Zr/Y and Ce/Yb N suite (3b). All unit 3 felsic meta-volcanic rocks have calc-alkalic continental arc signatures. Meta-basaltic rocks of the Campbell Range belt (CRB) fall into three suites: 1) moderately LREE enriched E-MORB type rocks (CRB 1 ); 2) LREE depleted N-MORB t ype rocks (CRB 2 ); and 3) a high Mg#, High Field Strength Elements (HFSE) and LREE-enriched tholeiitic suite (CRB 3 ). All CRB meta-basaltic rocks have features consistent with generation in an ocean basin and/or back-arc/marginal basin setting. The most prospective suites for volcanogenic massive sulphide mineralization in the Finlayson Lake region are 2a, 3a, and CRB 1 and CRB 2 .