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Forecasted Changes in Growth Potential, Egg Survival and Thermal Habitat Suitability for Cod Species in the Northwest Atlantic and Eastern Canadian Arctic
Polar cod (Boreogadus saida), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and Greenland cod (Gadus macrocephalus) are prominent gadid species within the northwest Atlantic Ocean in terms of their ecological and socio-economic importance but it is unclear how climate-induced changes in ocean temperature may alter their distributions by the end of the century (2100). We used physiologically based species distribution models to predict how ocean warming will influence the availability of suitable habitat for early life-stages in these marine gadids. We applied CMIP5 ocean temperature projections to egg survival and juvenile growth models for Polar cod, Atlantic cod, and Greenland cod to create predicted suitability raster surfaces for these metrics across four climatology periods (1981–2005, 2026–2050, 2051–2075, 2076–2100). The analysis focused on the projected changes in temperature in ocean shelf areas where ocean depth is ≤400 m. We created an integrated habitat suitability index by combining the suitability surfaces for egg survival and growth potential to predict areas and periods where thermal conditions were suitable for both life stages. The resulting surfaces indicate that suitable thermal habitat for the juvenile life stages of all three species will shift poleward, but the magnitude of the shift and the overall area of thermally suitable habitat remaining will differ across species and life stages through time. Modelled layers are provided in NetCDF format by metric (egg survival, growth potential, habitat suitability). Data layers for Polar cod, Atlantic cod, and Greenland cod are included within each NetCDF file as variables across time. Note that in this study we refer to Gadus macrocephalus/ogac as Greenland cod since Gadus ogac is thought to be a junior synonym of Gadus macrocephalus (Carr et al., 1999). For more details on the methods and results for this analysis see Cote et al. (2021). References: Carr, S. M., Kivlichan, D. S., Pepin, P., & Crutcher, D. C. (1999). Molecular systematics of gadid fishes: implications for the biogeographic origins of Pacific species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-77-1-19 Cote, D., Konecny, C. A., Seiden, J., Hauser, T., Kristiansen, T., & Laurel, B. J. (2021). Forecasted Shifts in Thermal Habitat for Cod Species in the Northwest Atlantic and Eastern Canadian Arctic. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8(November), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.764072
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Spawning Stock Biomass Estimates of Atlantic Cod in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence NAFO 4T-4Vn (Nov.-Apr.)
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PURPOSE: These data have been updated following a Canadian Science Advice Secretariat (CSAS) Regional Science Advisory Process. Associated publications are available in the citation section below or will be posted on the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Science Advisory Schedule as they become available. Determine the stock status of southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Atlantic Cod. DESCRIPTION: The yearly spawning stock biomass estimates of southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Atlantic Cod were obtained using a Statistical Catch-at-Age model as part of the stock assessment to year 2023. The yearly estimates presented come from Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. The yearly median estimates are provided, along with uncertainty estimates (2.5th, 25th, 75th and 97.5th percentiles). The values are in thousands of tons of spawning stock biomass. USE LIMITATION: To ensure scientific integrity and appropriate use of the data, we would encourage you to contact the data custodian.
AFSC/RACE/FBEP/Ottmar: Thermal effects on swimming activity and habitat choice in juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
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This dataset is from laboratory experiments that investigated the temperature dependence of swimming performance and behavioral characteristics of juvenile Pacific cod.
AFSC/RACE/GAP/Conrath: Rockfish habitat and productivity (Coral)
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The importance of high relief structure containing biotic habitat to rockfish and other species remains largely unknown. This data set was created to examine the importance of this habitat for Pacific ocean perch, northern rockfish, and dusky rockfish. These data were derived from four research cruises that occurred between May 2012 and December 2014. During the cruises, video data was recorded of habitat associations, plankton samples were collected, temperature profiles were recorded, and several types of biological samples were taken from trawl captured rockfish. These data will be recorded in several tables in an access database and video files will also be available.
AFSC/RACE/FBEP/Hurst: Contrasting coastal and shelf nursery habitats of Pacific cod in the southeastern Bering Sea
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This dataset is from a study examining the use of demersal and pelagic habitats in the southeast Bering Sea by age-0 Pacific cod, based on 4 years of demersal trawl surveys and 1 year of pelagic trawl surveys on the shelf, and 1 year of spatially intensive beam trawl sampling in a nearshore focal area along the central Alaska Peninsula.
Fleming Survey of Juvenile Atlantic Cod in Coastal Avalon and Northeast Newfoundland (NAFO Div. 3KL)
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The Department of Fisheries established a survey of demersal juvenile Atlantic cod (*Gadus morhua*) in the nearshore (<10 m deep) in 1959. This survey aimed to characterize the distribution and abundance of juvenile Atlantic cod and was based upon Norway's Flodevigen sampling program which has been conducted continuously since 1919. A 25 m seine was used to sample juvenile Atlantic cod nursery locations on the Avalon Peninsula and Northeast coast of the island of Newfoundland in September and October. The survey continued until 1964 and became known as the Fleming survey, after original initiator Alistair Fleming. The survey was reinstated by Memorial University of Newfoundland from 1992 to 1997. Multiple tows were conducted at a subset of the original 55 Fleming sites located in St. Mary's Bay, Trepassey Bay, the Southern Shore, Conception Bay, Trinity Bay, Bonavista Bay, Gander Bay, New World Island, Fortune Harbour, Badger Bay, Halls Bay and Green Bay. This data set includes several different subsets, some of which span both Fleming Survey periods (1959-1964 and 1992-1997): I. JuvCodCatch60s90s: Catches of juvenile Atlantic cod (1959-1964, 1992-1997) from the first two consecutive tows at each site. This is a summary based on JuvCodLengths90s and FlemingSurveyData60s; II. JuvCodLength90s: Lengths of all individual juvenile Atlantic cod caught for each site (1992-1997); III. SiteEnvData60s90s: Station data for Fleming data 1992-1997; IV. FlemingSurveyData60s: Fleming survey data from 1959-1964 (note there are three record types pertaining to: station data "type 1"; general species catch data including juvenile Atlantic cod grouped by age class ("1+", "Zeroes", and "Total") "type 2; and juvenile Atlantic cod (species 223) listed in length bins "type 3"; and V. FlemingBycatch60s92to96: Bycatch data from 1959-1964 & 1992-1996 from first two tows at each site. This is a summary based partly on the FlemingSurveyData60s set.
Growth and development impacts of laboratory experimental ocean warming and ocean acidification conditions in Pacific cod embryos and larvae from 2022-04-06 to 2022-06-02 (NCEI Accession 0295839)
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This dataset contains data from manipulated experimental seawater chemistry conditions and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) embryos and larvae growth and development impacts. The experiment took place from April 6-June 2, 2022 in the Alaska Fisheries Science Center laboratory research facilities at Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, Oregon. Embryos and larvae were reared in the laboratory, and were the offspring of strip spawned adults freshly caught near Kodiak Island, Alaska. Experiments occurred for up to 9 weeks at one of six combinations of three temperatures (3, 6, 10 °C) and two CO2 levels (ambient: ~360 µatm; high: ~1560 µatm) in a factorial design. This effort was conducted in support of the research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).
Assessing the Status and Trends of Seabirds and Forage Fish in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska
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This data package includes 7 child items with data about the seabird abundance, productivity, predator disturbance, morphology of forage fish, and hydroacoustic characteristics at Lower Cook Inlet seabird colonies. Child Item 1: "Predation of Common Murre Eggs at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 2: "Forage Fish Morphology Data from Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 3: "Hydroacoustic Survey Data from Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 4: "Nesting Productivity of Black-Legged Kittiwakes and Common Murres at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 5: "Population Counts at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 6: "Population Plots at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 7: "Common Murre Disturbance Data on Gull Island, Kachemak Bay, Alaska".
Assessing the Status and Trends of Seabirds and Forage Fish in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska
공공데이터포털
This data package includes 7 child items with data about the seabird abundance, productivity, predator disturbance, morphology of forage fish, and hydroacoustic characteristics at Lower Cook Inlet seabird colonies. Child Item 1: "Predation of Common Murre Eggs at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 2: "Forage Fish Morphology Data from Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 3: "Hydroacoustic Survey Data from Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 4: "Nesting Productivity of Black-Legged Kittiwakes and Common Murres at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 5: "Population Counts at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 6: "Population Plots at Two Seabird Colonies in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska". Child Item 7: "Common Murre Disturbance Data on Gull Island, Kachemak Bay, Alaska".
Genetic Data from Arctic, Polar, and Saffron Cod and Walleye Pollock, Alaska and Canada, 2011-2017
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Fragment data from 11 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were gathered from Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. Mitogenomic analyses of Arctic cod and three other co-distributed gadoids (Polar cod [Arctogadus glacialis], Saffron cod [Eleginus gracilis], Walleye Pollock [Gadus chalcogrammus]) were also completed. Transcriptomic analyses of Arctic cod were used to identify genes associated with environmental perturbations. Genome-wide scans using RAD-Seq of Arctic cod and the co-distributed Polar Cod were collected.
AFSC/RACE/FBEP/Hurst: Effects of ocean acidification on hatch size and larval growth of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)
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This dataset is from laboratory experiments that examined the direct effects of projected levels of ocean acidification on the eggs and larvae of walleye pollock.
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