This dataset contains daily fractional snow covered area (fSCA) at 30-m spatial resolution from August 1, 2015 - May 15, 2020 (five winters) for the National Elk Refuge in Wyoming, USA. The following summary statistics are also included: date of snow accumulation, date of snow melt, number of days in year with snow on ground, and percentage of "winter days" in year with snow on ground. The SNOWARP algorithm was used to produce these data (Berman et. al., 2018; see full citation below), in which dynamic time warping fuses together MODIS MOD10A1 with Landsat level-3 fSCA, resulting in daily 30-m fSCA estimates. All dates correspond to winter day of year (WDOY), which runs between August 1 - July 31 each season and has values between 1-365. Date of snow accumulation and date of snow melt provide an indication of when snow begins to persist and when it melts. Details are provided below. Number of days in year with snow on ground is the number of days, out of 365, with snow on ground between August 1 and July 31st each winter. The percentage of winter days in year with snow on ground is the percentage of days with snow each winter between date of snow accumulation and date of snow melt. Please note that winter 2018-2019 was only processed until May 31, 2019 (WDOY 304), and winter 2019-2020 was only processed until May 15, 2020 (WDOY 288), and therefore the only summary stat available for these winters is date of snow accumulation.

This data release contains summarized elk aggregation metrics generated from Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations of elk on the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming. Aggregation metrics include annual kernel density estimates of the area used by elk on the National Elk Refuge, daily measures of inter-elk distances, daily pairwise proximity, and daily mean proximity and associated explanatory covariates.

This data release contains summarized elk aggregation metrics generated from Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations of elk on the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming. Aggregation metrics include annual kernel density estimates of the area used by elk on the National Elk Refuge, daily measures of inter-elk distances, daily pairwise proximity, and daily mean proximity and associated explanatory covariates.

Data blended from a variety of sources to explore the effects of feeding on elk population productivity metrics with the incorporation of climate, predator, and harvest data over a 26-year time frame. Data are for elk herd units in northwestern Wyoming and two herd subunits for southwestern Montana.

Remotely sensed elk locations from satellite imagery, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) imagery, and Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations were collected during the winter of 2018 and the winter and spring of 2019 at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming. The dataset associated with this data release provides the source, date, time, latitude, and longitude of elk locations and the type of analyses the locations were used in as reported in the accompanying manuscript by Graves and others 2021; XXXXXXXXXXX.

Remotely sensed elk locations from satellite imagery, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) imagery, and Global Positioning System (GPS) collar locations were collected during the winter of 2018 and the winter and spring of 2019 at the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming. The dataset associated with this data release provides the source, date, time, latitude, and longitude of elk locations and the type of analyses the locations were used in as reported in the accompanying manuscript by Graves and others 2021; XXXXXXXXXXX.

521 unique elk were monitored across several years with GPS collars in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to determine winter-to-winter annual dispersal distances. There were a total of 704 annual movements. The dataset spans from 2001 to 2015. Annual movements were based on a single location in January or February and another location in the subsequent winter. An individual elk was included at most three times (once for each year) in the data. All elk were female, except one of the individuals in the dataset was a male. We included his movement in the analysis for completeness, but as there was only one male we chose not to directly model any differences in movement behavior between male and female elk.

521 unique elk were monitored across several years with GPS collars in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to determine winter-to-winter annual dispersal distances. There were a total of 704 annual movements. The dataset spans from 2001 to 2015. Annual movements were based on a single location in January or February and another location in the subsequent winter. An individual elk was included at most three times (once for each year) in the data. All elk were female, except one of the individuals in the dataset was a male. We included his movement in the analysis for completeness, but as there was only one male we chose not to directly model any differences in movement behavior between male and female elk.

This dataset contains three field seasons of snow-wildlife observations conducted at 707 sites from January 2021 to March 2023 in Washington and Alaska, spanning a broad range of snow conditions. Relatively fresh tracks (usually <24 h) of common large mammal predators (bobcats, coyotes, cougars, and wolves) and their ungulate prey (caribou, Dall sheep, moose, mule deer, and white-tailed deer) were investigated to determine how snow affects predator-prey interactions. The track sink depth and dimensions (width and length) of three consecutive footprints were measured from one individual. Age class was recorded for moose based either on visual confirmation of an individual creating snow tracks or based on track dimensions. The ability to differentiate age classes for smaller ungulates was more uncertain, so age classes for deer, caribou, or sheep were not specified. Animal gait was identified using a simple classification scheme. Data also include animal species, snow density, hardness, total ice, surface temperature, and vegetation type. To best capture snow hardness, surface penetrability and hand-hardness were measured throughout the snowpack. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format.

17 adult female elk were captured on or around the National Elk Refuge and monitored with GPS collars from 2006 to 2015. Each of these elk were monitored for 1 to 2 years and migrated from the National Elk Refuge to Yellowstone National Park during the spring. Here we provide the unique identifier for each individual elk, the date/time stamp of each GPS location, the GPS location of the elk in UTMs and Lat-Long, the month of each GPS location, the year of each GPS location, and the date of each GPS location in numeric form.