This data release contains results from a simple monthly water budget that includes water supply and consumptive use for thermoelectric, irrigation, and public supply for 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUC12) across the conterminous United States for water years 2010-2020. These results were produced using an analysis pipeline that ingests water supply, consumptive use, and routing information and accumulates and routes the water balance through the HUC12 network (Miller and others, 2024; https://doi.org/10.5066/P14MPRDE ). Water budget results also include an assessment of supply and use imbalances within the context of historical climatic conditions to calculate a surface water supply and use index and when considering a range of environmental flow allocation methods.

This data release contains Mann-Kendall trend results (p-values and Theil-Sen slope values) of water use data in either 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC08) or Van Metre hydrologic regions across the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the period 2000-2020. Trends are computed for 7 timesteps: annual, winter (Dec, Jan, Feb), spring (Mar, Apr, May), summer (Jun, Jul, Aug), fall (Sep, Oct, Nov), high (Apr-Sep), and low (Oct-Mar) from three monthly HUC12 water-use datasets: public supply (Luukkonen, and others, 2023), irrigation (Martin, and others, 2023; Haynes and others, 2023), and thermoelectric (Galanter, and others, 2023; Gorman and others, 2023). Trends are computed on withdrawals, consumptive use, and the ratio of consumptive use to total withdrawal types for each of the three water use categories. In addition, trends were calculated for all withdrawals across the three categories (summing HUC12 datasets). Trends in thermoelectric data and all withdrawals are limited to the period 2008-2020. In addition to the trends data in “trends_modelled_wateruse.csv”, this dataset includes several files in the “trends.zip” folder that were used to download modelled output data, calculate trends (volumetric and Regional Kendall), and visualize trends across water-use categories and hydrologic units.

This data release contains Mann-Kendall trend results (p-values and Theil-Sen slope values) of water use data in either 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC08) or Van Metre hydrologic regions across the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the period 2000-2020. Trends are computed for 7 timesteps: annual, winter (Dec, Jan, Feb), spring (Mar, Apr, May), summer (Jun, Jul, Aug), fall (Sep, Oct, Nov), high (Apr-Sep), and low (Oct-Mar) from three monthly HUC12 water-use datasets: public supply (Luukkonen, and others, 2023), irrigation (Martin, and others, 2023; Haynes and others, 2023), and thermoelectric (Galanter, and others, 2023; Gorman and others, 2023). Trends are computed on withdrawals, consumptive use, and the ratio of consumptive use to total withdrawal types for each of the three water use categories. In addition, trends were calculated for all withdrawals across the three categories (summing HUC12 datasets). Trends in thermoelectric data and all withdrawals are limited to the period 2008-2020. In addition to the trends data in “trends_modelled_wateruse.csv”, this dataset includes several files in the “trends.zip” folder that were used to download modelled output data, calculate trends (volumetric and Regional Kendall), and visualize trends across water-use categories and hydrologic units.

The U.S. Geological Survey is developing national water-use models to support water resources management in the United States. Model benefits include a nationally consistent estimation approach, greater temporal and spatial resolution of estimates, efficient and automated updates of results, and capabilities to forecast water use into the future and assess model uncertainty. The term “reanalysis” refers to the process of reevaluating and recalculating water-use data using updated or refined methods, data sources, models, or assumptions. In this data release, water use refers to water that is withdrawn by public and private water suppliers and includes water provided for domestic, commercial, industrial, thermoelectric power, and public water uses, as well as water that is consumed or lost within the public supply system. Consumptive use refers to water withdrawn by the public supply system that is evaporated, transpired, incorporated into products or crops, or consumed by humans or livestock. This data release contains data used in a machine learning model (child item 2) to estimate monthly water use for communities that are supplied by public-supply water systems in the conterminous United States for 2000-2020. This data release also contains associated scripts used to produce input features (child items 4 - 8) as well as model water use estimates by 12-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC12) and public supply water service area (WSA). HUC12 boundaries are in child item 3. Public supply delivery and consumptive use estimates are in child items 1 and 9, respectively. First posted: November 1, 2023 Revised: August 8, 2024 This version replaces the previous version of the data release: Luukkonen, C.L., Alzraiee, A.H., Larsen, J.D., Martin, D.J., Herbert, D.M., Buchwald, C.A., Houston, N.A., Valseth, K.J., Paulinski, S., Miller, L.D., Niswonger, R.G., Stewart, J.S., and Dieter, C.A., 2023, Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FUL880 Version 2.0 This data release has been updated as of 8/8/2024. The previous version has been replaced because some fractions used for downscaling WSA estimates to HUC12 did not sum to one for some WSAs in Virginia. Updated model water use estimates by HUC12 are included in this version. A change was made in two scripts to check for this condition. Output files have also been updated to preserve the leading zero in in the HUC12 codes. Additional files are also included to provide information about mapping the WSAs and groundwater and surface water fractions to HUC12 and to provide public supply water-use estimates by WSA. The 'Machine learning model that estimates total monthly and annual per capita public supply water use' child item has been updated with these corrections and additional files. A new child item 'R code used to estimate public supply consumptive water use' has been added to provide estimates of public supply consumptive use. This page includes the following files: PS_HUC12_Tot_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply total water use from 2000-2020 by HUC12, in million gallons per day PS_HUC12_GW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply groundwater use for 2000-2020 by HUC12, in million gallons per day PS_HUC12_SW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply surface water use for 2000-2020 by HUC12, in million gallons per day PS_WSA_Tot_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply total water use from 2000-2020 by WSA, in million gallons per day PS_WSA_GW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply groundwater use for 2000-2020 by WSA, in million gallons per day PS_WSA_SW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply surface water use for 2000-2020 by WSA, in million gallons per day Note: 1) Groundwater and surface water

The U.S. Geological Survey is developing national water-use models to support water resources management in the United States. Model benefits include a nationally consistent estimation approach, greater temporal and spatial resolution of estimates, efficient and automated updates of results, and capabilities to forecast water use into the future and assess model uncertainty. The term “reanalysis” refers to the process of reevaluating and recalculating water-use data using updated or refined methods, data sources, models, or assumptions. In this data release, water use refers to water that is withdrawn by public and private water suppliers and includes water provided for domestic, commercial, industrial, thermoelectric power, and public water uses, as well as water that is consumed or lost within the public supply system. Consumptive use refers to water withdrawn by the public supply system that is evaporated, transpired, incorporated into products or crops, or consumed by humans or livestock. This data release contains data used in a machine learning model (child item 2) to estimate monthly water use for communities that are supplied by public-supply water systems in the conterminous United States for 2000-2020. This data release also contains associated scripts used to produce input features (child items 4 - 8) as well as model water use estimates by 12-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC12) and public supply water service area (WSA). HUC12 boundaries are in child item 3. Public supply delivery and consumptive use estimates are in child items 1 and 9, respectively. First posted: November 1, 2023 Revised: August 8, 2024 This version replaces the previous version of the data release: Luukkonen, C.L., Alzraiee, A.H., Larsen, J.D., Martin, D.J., Herbert, D.M., Buchwald, C.A., Houston, N.A., Valseth, K.J., Paulinski, S., Miller, L.D., Niswonger, R.G., Stewart, J.S., and Dieter, C.A., 2023, Public supply water use reanalysis for the 2000-2020 period by HUC12, month, and year for the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FUL880 Version 2.0 This data release has been updated as of 8/8/2024. The previous version has been replaced because some fractions used for downscaling WSA estimates to HUC12 did not sum to one for some WSAs in Virginia. Updated model water use estimates by HUC12 are included in this version. A change was made in two scripts to check for this condition. Output files have also been updated to preserve the leading zero in in the HUC12 codes. Additional files are also included to provide information about mapping the WSAs and groundwater and surface water fractions to HUC12 and to provide public supply water-use estimates by WSA. The 'Machine learning model that estimates total monthly and annual per capita public supply water use' child item has been updated with these corrections and additional files. A new child item 'R code used to estimate public supply consumptive water use' has been added to provide estimates of public supply consumptive use. This page includes the following files: PS_HUC12_Tot_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply total water use from 2000-2020 by HUC12, in million gallons per day PS_HUC12_GW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply groundwater use for 2000-2020 by HUC12, in million gallons per day PS_HUC12_SW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply surface water use for 2000-2020 by HUC12, in million gallons per day PS_WSA_Tot_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply total water use from 2000-2020 by WSA, in million gallons per day PS_WSA_GW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply groundwater use for 2000-2020 by WSA, in million gallons per day PS_WSA_SW_2000_2020.csv - a csv file with estimated monthly public supply surface water use for 2000-2020 by WSA, in million gallons per day Note: 1) Groundwater and surface water

This data release contains the output of the Irrigation Water Use Estimation Disaggregation and Downscaling Model (IWUEDD) along with the scripts and data resources required to replicate the output results. The IWUEDD is used to estimate monthly irrigation withdrawals and consumptive use for each 12-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC 12) subwatershed in the conterminous United States. The HUC 12-level estimates are separated into groundwater (GW), surface water (SW), groundwater and surface water combined (TW), and consumptive use (CU). The IWUEDD developed monthly estimates by disaggregating and downscaling previously published annual county-level irrigation withdrawal and consumptive use data complied as part of the National Water Use Science Project, National Water Census as presented in U.S. Geological Survey data release, “Estimated use of water in the United States county-level data for 2015” (Dieter and others, 2018).

A simple water budget includes precipitation, streamflow, change in storage, evapotranspiration, and residuals: P=Q + ET + ΔS + e. It is essential to include the managed component (i.e., the “human” component) to close the water budget and reduce the magnitude of the residuals from “natural” water budgets. Some of the largest components of managed water withdraws are public supply, irrigation, and thermoelectric. The modified water budget is: P=Q + ET + ΔS + (PS + Irr + TE) + e, where PS is public supply, Irr is irrigation, and TE is thermoelectric water use. This data release contains both the natural and managed components of the water budget for a region within the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin, GA, U.S. The natural components include precipitation, evapotranspiration, and discharge and the managed components include public supply, irrigation, and thermoelectric. This table contains HUC 10 IDs, year, the natural components of the water budget, and water-use data aggregated from sites to HUC 10s for the years 2008–2012.

Water budget components for 17 hydrologic regions of the United States which contain tribal lands and for the tribal lands within each of these regions. All values represent an average year based upon the years 1971-2000, and are the result of a combined analysis of national datasets.