A 35-day NSF-sponsored cruise aboard the USCGC Polar Star has studied in depth the physical oceanography of the Chukchi Borderland and Mendeleev Ridge regions. An extensive hydrographic survey (126 CTD casts) was conducted. In addition to CTD profiles of temperature, conductivity, oxygen, and light scatter and L-ADCP profiles of water velocity, bottle samples were taken for nutrients (2662 samples), dissolved oxygen (2999 samples), salinity (3066 samples) and tracers CFCs (F11, F12, F113, ca. 2500 samples), O18 isotopes (ca.1000 samples), Barium (ca.1000 samples), Helium (ca.108 samples), Iodine-129 (96 samples) and Cesium-137 (27 samples). Twenty-one denitrification (N:Ar ratio) samples were also taken. A total of 47 XBTs were used both to increase spatial coverage over the shelf and to increase spatial resolution in the slope regions. To better map the boundary current regime, 3 oceanographic moorings carrying current meters and temperature and salinity sensors were deployed across the boundary current for the ca. 1 month duration of the cruise. During the cruise, via a website of daily updates from a High School teacher aboard the Polar Star and visits to schools in Barrow, we brought Arctic research into the classroom. Post-cruise a multi-institute team of scientists will study this extensive data set, with reference to previous (sparse) measurements, Canadian measurements taken this year in the Canadian Basin and near Northwind Ridge, and modeling results, to understand the role of this Arctic Crossroads in the circulation of the Arctic Ocean.

Thirteen moorings sites throughout the northeastern Chukchi Sea shelf were occupied in various combinations for eight field years, 2008-2016. Two separate taut line moorings were deployed at most sites. The primary mooring employed at all sites deployed a Teledyne RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) to measure water and sea ice velocities. Except at the locations over Hanna Shoals, 2011-2012, a second mooring deployed an Ice Profiling Sonar (IPS) instrument, manufactured by ASL Environmental Sciences Inc. (ASL), to measure ice keel depths and wave diagnostics, and a Sea Bird Electronics 37-SM CT sensor to measure water temperature and conductivity (and thus derive salinity). Moorings were deployed during the ice-free season, then recovered and redeployed in subsequent years. Data at the Crackerjack mooring location was collected until 2016 because though recovery was intended for 2015, weather delayed it until the next year. Data collection was conducted by Olgoonik Fairweather LLC (Fairweather) of Anchorage, Alaska, and ASL, Victoria, B.C., Canada. Fairweather provided logistical support to ASL field personnel during oceanographic mooring recovery and redeployment, and ASL was contracted to collect and analyze data. UAF processing was limited to assembling the data into this data submission. NCEI received the data in text and MS Excel formats. The latter have been exported to CSV text.

These data were collected as part of the physical oceanographic component of the Chukchi Sea Offshore Monitoring in Drilling Area (COMIDA) Hanna Shoal Ecosystem Study. Hanna Shoal is a topographic feature in the northeastern Chukchi Sea that is both shallow (as little as 20m deep) and biologically productive. The earlier COMIDA: Chemistry and Benthos (CAB) study identified it as an area at which to focus additional ecological monitoring. To define the circulation around the Shoal, Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) were deployed on six moorings on its northwest and northeast slopes on the 40, 50, and 60 m isobaths. These were initially deployed in August 2012 from the USCG Healy. They were then recovered and re-deployed in September 2013 from the Norseman II under the direction of Chief Scientist Peter Winsor (UAF). The same vessel and Chief Scientist conducted the recoveries in September 2014. Each mooring included a MicroCat temperature/conductivity/pressure (CTD) recorder mounted about 3 m above bottom. Two moorings, HS-NE_50m and HS-NE_60m in 2012-13, additionally included an ISCAT (upper level temperature-salinity-pressure sensors in a trawl resistant housing designed to survive impact by ice keels) at ~25 and 30 m depth, respectively. All data are in ASCII.

This dataset includes a reference baseline used by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to calculate rate-of-change statistics for the exposed north coast of Alaska coastal region between Point Barrow and Icy Cape for the time period 1947 to 2012. This baseline layer serves as the starting point for all transects cast by the DSAS application and can be used to establish measurement points used to calculate shoreline-change rates.

Surface current velocities representative of the upper 2 m of the water column were collected in the northeastern Chukchi Sea using high-frequency radar systems during the ice free seasons of 2012 - 2014. Hourly data from August through October of each year are included at a spatial resolution of 6 km.

Primary ocean station data (pressure, temperature, salinity) collected in the Prydz Bay region during the 28th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE28) cruise, obtained during the summer cruise (28 February - 4 March, 2012) of the Chinese icebreaker R/V Xuelong.

This dataset includes a reference baseline used by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to calculate rate-of-change statistics for the sheltered north coast of Alaska coastal between Point Barrow and Icy Cape for the time period 1947 to 2012. This baseline layer serves as the starting point for all transects cast by the DSAS application and can be used to establish measurement points used to calculate shoreline-change rates.

Single-beam bathymetry, gravity, and magnetic data along with DGPS navigation data was collected as part of field activity L-11-82-CS in Chukchi Sea, Alaska from 08/27/1982 to 09/16/1982, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l1182cs/html/l-11-82-cs.meta.html These data are reformatted from space-delimited ASCII text files located in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) InfoBank field activity catalog at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l1182cs/html/l-11-82-cs.bath.html, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l1182cs/html/l-11-82-cs.grav.html, and http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l1182cs/html/l-11-82-cs.mag.html into MGD77T format provided by the NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center(NGDC). The MGD77T format includes a header (documentation) file (.h77t) and a data file (.m77t). More information regarding this format can be found in the publication listed in the Cross_reference section of this metadata file.

Measurements of conductivity and temperature were collected with a high-accuracy conductivity and temperature recorder (Seabird SBE37 microcat) in approximately 10 m water depth at a single location fronting the village of Wainwright, Alaska, from 24 August to 1 October 2009. The instrument was mounted on the frame approximately 0.50 m off the bottom of the seafloor. Salinity was calculated from conductivity measurements.

The Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) and other data were collected from 73 stations in Chukchi Sea and East Siberian Sea area. The station numbers are 1-6, 8-30, 32-74, 76. Data was collected from Ship ALPHA HELIX cruise HX189. The data was collected BY Dr. J. Grebmeier of the University of Tennessee over a period spanning from August 24, 1995 to September 1, 1995. This project was funded by Office of Naval Research under grant no: NAVY N00014-94-1-1042Grebmeier. Data in NODC file format F022 was submitted by Dr. Chirk Chu, Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.