This data release is a compilation of a literature search of published core X-ray diffraction (XRD) data for the Permian Basin Barnett and Woodford Shales, and includes data from: the Reliance Triple Crown 1 (RTC 1) well of Pecos County, Texas; Fasken Fee BM SWD 1 well of Andrews County, Texas; the M G Nevill well of Culberson County, Texas; the Mesquite 1 well of Hamilton County, Texas; the Fasken Fee BK 1514 well of Ector County, Texas; and Ross Draw Unit 5 well of Eddy County, New Mexico. The compiled data help advance the understanding of the stratigraphy, mineralogy, geomechanical properties, and depositional environment of these continuous hydrocarbon reservoirs in both the Midland Basin and Delaware Basin. The XRD data include but are not limited to weight percent (wt%) of albite, apatite, calcite, chlorite, dolomite, feldspar, illite, kaolinite, magnesite, mica, norsethite, orthoclase, plagioclase, pyrite, quartz, siderite, smectite, and total organic carbon (TOC).

This data release is a compilation of published and unpublished thermal maturity and source rock geochemical data (Rock-Eval, pyrolysis) from subsurface wells in the Permian Basin, west Texas and southeast New Mexico. These data include 67 newly collected samples and analyses from Delaware Basin wells (identified as Cicero_2022), as well as 1028 previously unpublished USGS analyses from the entire province (identified as LIMS). Data were also synthesized from publicly available sources, such as theses and dissertations, state agencies and databases, as well as from the body of published literature.

This data release is a compilation of published and unpublished thermal maturity and source rock geochemical data (Rock-Eval, pyrolysis) from subsurface wells in the Permian Basin, west Texas and southeast New Mexico. These data include 67 newly collected samples and analyses from Delaware Basin wells (identified as Cicero_2022), as well as 1028 previously unpublished USGS analyses from the entire province (identified as LIMS). Data were also synthesized from publicly available sources, such as theses and dissertations, state agencies and databases, as well as from the body of published literature.

This dataset accompanies planned publication titled "The Far-Field imprint of the LPIA, its demise, and the onset of a dust-house climate across the Eastern Shelf of the Permian Basin". Zircon ages presented in this dataset are from rocks collected across the eastern margin of the Permian Basin, Texas. The U-Pb zircon ages are used to investigate changes in provenance in this region as a result of a changing hydroclimate and tectonics. Samples were collected from this region by Neil Griffis and Neil Tabor between March 2019 and April 2021. The data were collected at the University of California, Davis and the University of Texas, Austin between April 2019 and August 2021.

This dataset accompanies planned publication titled "The Far-Field imprint of the LPIA, its demise, and the onset of a dust-house climate across the Eastern Shelf of the Permian Basin". Zircon ages presented in this dataset are from rocks collected across the eastern margin of the Permian Basin, Texas. The U-Pb zircon ages are used to investigate changes in provenance in this region as a result of a changing hydroclimate and tectonics. Samples were collected from this region by Neil Griffis and Neil Tabor between March 2019 and April 2021. The data were collected at the University of California, Davis and the University of Texas, Austin between April 2019 and August 2021.

Forty samples of outcropping rock samples were collected from the Permian Cutler Formation exposed in the Sinbad Valley, Mesa County, Colorado by USGS volunteer Jon Thorson. This sample set includes 13 pairs of co-existing red unaltered and yellow-grey bleached sandstone. The decimal latitude and longitude locations of the sample collection sites are listed in the “All_Rock_Data” worksheet in the accompanying “All_Sinbad_Rocks” workbook. The samples were collected from rocks exposed on the eastern edge of a breached salt-cored anticline within about 1 to 100 meters from an active seep from which sulfurous brines supply water to Salt Creek. The co-existing red/bleached samples were collected within the same stratigraphic bedding plane, a few centimeters apart across the contacts between red and bleached tan to grey sandstones (Figure 1) as part of an effort to characterize the geochemical impact of bleaching on originally red sandstones. The study was designed to better understand the geochemical effects of bleaching of potential source rock for uranium and vanadium deposits on the Colorado Plateau as part of the development of a robust deposit model in support of the assessment of undiscovered uranium resources in this region. Each sample was crushed, ground, and geochemically analyzed by AGAT laboratories using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. At AGAT labs, samples were fused at 750oC with sodium peroxide, and the fusion cake was dissolved in nitric acid resulting in total dissolution of samples. The results of the geochemical analysis are summarized in the “All Sinbad Rocks” workbook. Summary statistics, correlation, t-test, principal component, and factor analysis of the samples was completed using the XLSTAT Excel data add-on software program (version 2019.4.2.63677 www.xlstat.com). These analyses are presented in workbook “Sinbad_Rock_Statistics”. At the 95% confidence interval, t-tests show that the difference between the mean values of uranium for red and bleached rock are statistically significant, with more uranium in the bleached subsample set. Other elements show no statistically significant variation between the mean concentrations of the elements. Sample splits of the 13 bleached/red paired rocks (26 total samples), were then leached using a 0.10 M NaHCO3 solution. This solution was chosen to: (1) attack loosely bound (ion-exchangeable or weakly sorbed) U and V; (2) provide an ionic strength buffer (pH 8.3); (3) provide a strong complexing agent to stabilize U in solution as uranyl carbonate or uranyl-Ca-carbonate complexes; (4) stabilize oxyanion species such as vanadate in solution; and (5) ensure that solutions approach equilibrium with calcite which is observed in the sandstones. Two grams of minus 200-mesh powder were combined with 20 ml of leach solution in plastic centrifuge tubes. The tubes were capped and shaken continuously for 24 hours on the benchtop (Figure 2). Additional two-gram aliquots of one bleached sandstone (sample 228558) were leached for periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 96-hours to compare to results from the 24-hour experiment. Mixtures of solid and leachate were centrifuged at 2500 revolutions per minute for 5 minutes, and liquids were withdrawn with syringe and filtered through 0.45-micron cellulose acetate syringe filters (18.5 ml of liquid was recovered). Solutions were acidified to pH <2 using purified nitric acid and submitted for analysis by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, the method depending on the element (see Data Dictionary worksheet). The concentration of dissolved uranium in leachates of bleached rocks was consistently either similar to or greater than in leachates from red rocks. Vanadium results were not as consistent. Five bleached samples with visible sulfide yielded virtually no leachable V. For other bleached samples leachable V was similar (n = 1) greater (n = 4) or lesser (n =

Forty samples of outcropping rock samples were collected from the Permian Cutler Formation exposed in the Sinbad Valley, Mesa County, Colorado by USGS volunteer Jon Thorson. This sample set includes 13 pairs of co-existing red unaltered and yellow-grey bleached sandstone. The decimal latitude and longitude locations of the sample collection sites are listed in the “All_Rock_Data” worksheet in the accompanying “All_Sinbad_Rocks” workbook. The samples were collected from rocks exposed on the eastern edge of a breached salt-cored anticline within about 1 to 100 meters from an active seep from which sulfurous brines supply water to Salt Creek. The co-existing red/bleached samples were collected within the same stratigraphic bedding plane, a few centimeters apart across the contacts between red and bleached tan to grey sandstones (Figure 1) as part of an effort to characterize the geochemical impact of bleaching on originally red sandstones. The study was designed to better understand the geochemical effects of bleaching of potential source rock for uranium and vanadium deposits on the Colorado Plateau as part of the development of a robust deposit model in support of the assessment of undiscovered uranium resources in this region. Each sample was crushed, ground, and geochemically analyzed by AGAT laboratories using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. At AGAT labs, samples were fused at 750oC with sodium peroxide, and the fusion cake was dissolved in nitric acid resulting in total dissolution of samples. The results of the geochemical analysis are summarized in the “All Sinbad Rocks” workbook. Summary statistics, correlation, t-test, principal component, and factor analysis of the samples was completed using the XLSTAT Excel data add-on software program (version 2019.4.2.63677 www.xlstat.com). These analyses are presented in workbook “Sinbad_Rock_Statistics”. At the 95% confidence interval, t-tests show that the difference between the mean values of uranium for red and bleached rock are statistically significant, with more uranium in the bleached subsample set. Other elements show no statistically significant variation between the mean concentrations of the elements. Sample splits of the 13 bleached/red paired rocks (26 total samples), were then leached using a 0.10 M NaHCO3 solution. This solution was chosen to: (1) attack loosely bound (ion-exchangeable or weakly sorbed) U and V; (2) provide an ionic strength buffer (pH 8.3); (3) provide a strong complexing agent to stabilize U in solution as uranyl carbonate or uranyl-Ca-carbonate complexes; (4) stabilize oxyanion species such as vanadate in solution; and (5) ensure that solutions approach equilibrium with calcite which is observed in the sandstones. Two grams of minus 200-mesh powder were combined with 20 ml of leach solution in plastic centrifuge tubes. The tubes were capped and shaken continuously for 24 hours on the benchtop (Figure 2). Additional two-gram aliquots of one bleached sandstone (sample 228558) were leached for periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 96-hours to compare to results from the 24-hour experiment. Mixtures of solid and leachate were centrifuged at 2500 revolutions per minute for 5 minutes, and liquids were withdrawn with syringe and filtered through 0.45-micron cellulose acetate syringe filters (18.5 ml of liquid was recovered). Solutions were acidified to pH <2 using purified nitric acid and submitted for analysis by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, the method depending on the element (see Data Dictionary worksheet). The concentration of dissolved uranium in leachates of bleached rocks was consistently either similar to or greater than in leachates from red rocks. Vanadium results were not as consistent. Five bleached samples with visible sulfide yielded virtually no leachable V. For other bleached samples leachable V was similar (n = 1) greater (n = 4) or lesser (n =

In 2024, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) compiled rock properties data from the USGS Core Research Center's (CRC) database for the Southwestern Wyoming Province and adjoining areas to better characterize the potential hydrocarbon sources and reservoirs in the area. Data from 53 wells were collected from data analysis results located in the CRC database. These data are derived from a combination of USGS and non-USGS laboratory analyses, with samples provided over several decades by researchers who accessed the CRC collection. The compiled data are from pre-Cretaceous Formations in the Southwestern Wyoming Province area. For each well, accompanying metadata details the sample sources, analytical methods, and quality considerations to aid in scientific analysis and public use.

Oil, gas and water produced, and water used for hydraulic fracturing treatments for wells in and near the Permian Basin during 2000-2019 was estimated using data reported in IHS Markit (TM) (2020). Hydraulic fracturing treatment data from IHS Markit (TM) (2020) may include volumes in a variety of measurement units, and they may include multiple treatments per well. All listed treatments within the study area were converted to gallons and summed on a per-well basis, discounting any treatments for which the specified measurement units were unclear (for example, “sacks”, or “feet”), which were minor. The per-well treatment volumes and oil, gas, and water production were then aggregated via summation to a 1-mile grid using ArcGIS functions. The annual aggregated hydraulic fracturing treatment data were exported as annual GeoTIFF images with a resolution of 1 square mile per pixel and bundled into a archive file. This data is not part of the USGS Aggregated Water Use Database (AWUDS) or the National Water Information System (NWIS).

Oil, gas and water produced, and water used for hydraulic fracturing treatments for wells in and near the Permian Basin during 2000-2019 was estimated using data reported in IHS Markit (TM) (2020). Hydraulic fracturing treatment data from IHS Markit (TM) (2020) may include volumes in a variety of measurement units, and they may include multiple treatments per well. All listed treatments within the study area were converted to gallons and summed on a per-well basis, discounting any treatments for which the specified measurement units were unclear (for example, “sacks”, or “feet”), which were minor. The per-well treatment volumes and oil, gas, and water production were then aggregated via summation to a 1-mile grid using ArcGIS functions. The annual aggregated hydraulic fracturing treatment data were exported as annual GeoTIFF images with a resolution of 1 square mile per pixel and bundled into a archive file. This data is not part of the USGS Aggregated Water Use Database (AWUDS) or the National Water Information System (NWIS).