,House flies (Musca domestica L.) are vectors of human and animal pathogens at livestock operations. Microbial communities in flies are acquired from, and correlate with, their local environment. However, variation among microbial communities carried by flies from farms in different geographical areas is not well understood. We characterized bacterial communities of female house flies collected from beef and dairy farms in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska and further evaluated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria within flies. We evaluated the influence of farm type and farm location on bacterial communities, diversity, pathogenic bacteria strains and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes. These data can be used for better understanding of abundance and prevalence of bacterial communities in house flies associated with livestock operations. These data were collected in September 2019. Abbreviations used include Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs), Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA), Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR), and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs).,The raw Illumina MiSeq sequence data for this project can be found here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA863664,Resources in this dataset:,

,Nebraska Prairie Study for Agricultural Antibiotic Resistance in Lincoln, Nebraska The inherent spatial heterogeneity and complexity of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in manureaffected soils makes it difficult to sort out resistance that can be attributed to human antibiotic use from resistance that occurs naturally in the soil. This study characterizes native Nebraska prairie soils that have not been affected by human or food-animal waste products to provide data on background levels of resistance in southeastern Nebraskan soils. Soil samples were collected from 20 sites enumerated on tetracycline and cefotaxime media; screened for tetracycline-, sulfonamide-, b-lactamase–, and macrolide-resistance genes; and characterized for soil physical and chemical parameters. All prairies contained tetracyclineand cefotaxime-resistant bacteria, and 48% of isolates collected were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Most (98%) of the soil samples and all 20 prairies had at least one tetracycline gene. Most frequently detected were tet(D), tet(A) tet(O), tet(L), and tet(B). Sulfonamide genes, which are considered a marker of human or animal activity, were detected in 91% of the samples, despite the lack of human inputs at these sites. No correlations were found between either phenotypic or genotypic resistance and soil physical or chemical parameters. Heterogeneity was observed in AR within and between prairies. Therefore, multiple samples are necessary to overcome heterogeneity and to accurately assess AR. Conclusions regarding AR depend on the gene target measured. To determine the impacts of food-animal antibiotic use on resistance, it is essential that background and/or baseline levels be considered, and where appropriate subtracted out, when evaluating AR in agroecosystems.,

2020년도 국가 항생제 사용 및 내성 모니터링 리포트<동물, 축산물> - 축수산용 항생제 판매량, 가축 및 도체 유래 세균의 항생제 내성, 반려동물 유래 세균의 항생제 내성, 유통 축산물 유래 세균의 항생제 내성

,2014 Swine CAFO Study SE for Agricultural Antibiotic Resistance in Mississippi State, Mississippi The environmental influence of farm management in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) can yield vast changes to the microbial biota and ecological structure of both the pig and waste manure lagoon wastewater. While some of these changes may not be negative, it is possible that CAFOs can enrich antibiotic resistant bacteria or pathogens based on farm type, thereby influencing the impact imparted by the land application of its respective wastewater. The purpose of this study was to measure the microbial constituents of swine-sow, -nursery, and -finisher farm manure lagoon wastewater and determine the changes induced by farm management. A total of 37 farms were visited in the Mid-South USA and analyzed for the genes 16S rRNA, spaQ (Salmonella spp.), Camp-16S (Campylobacter spp.), tetA, tetB, ermF, ermA, mecA, and intI using quantitative PCR. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequence libraries were created. Overall, it appeared that finisher farms were significantly different from nursery and sow farms in nearly all genes measured and in 16S rRNA clone libraries. Nearly all antibiotic resistance genes were detected in all farms. Interestingly, the mecA resistance gene (e.g. methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was below detection limits on most farms, and decreased as the pigs aged. Finisher farms generally had fewer antibiotic resistance genes, which corroborated previous phenotypic data; additionally, finisher farms produced a less diverse 16S rRNA sequence library. Comparisons of Camp-16S and spaQ GU (genomic unit) values to previous culture data demonstrated ratios from 10 to 10,000:1 depending on farm type, indicating viable but not cultivatable bacteria were dominant. The current study indicated that swine farm management schemes positively and negatively affect microbial and antibiotic resistant populations in CAFO wastewater which has future “downstream” implications from both an environmental and public health perspective.,

,The data presents the antimicrobial susceptibility testing results in three separate files: 1) third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli isolates obtained on cefotaxime supplemented media; 2) extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli, and 3) ESBL-producing Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter species obtained on chromogenic media. The data was generated as part of a research project that evaluated the impact of tylosin supplementation of feedlot cattle on the dynamics of antimicrobial resistant fecal bacteria. The study was a longitudinal design with periodic sampling of fecal samples from individual animals over the entire feeding period. Two publications from the project, one describing the study design in detail, and the other specifically reporting on these data, are linked to the database.,Resources in this dataset:,

,Groundwater was collected by dead-end ultrafiltration and small-volume grab sampling from 138 wells in southwest Wisconsin across Grant, Iowa, and Lafayette Counties. Samples were collected to assess occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in private wells and investigate their association with microbial source tracking markers. For ultrafiltration samples, microbes were backflushed, desiccated beef extract was added to the eluate, and samples were concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation; concentrate was frozen at -80 degrees Celcius (C). Small-volume grab samples were concentrated on 0.45-micron mixed cellulose ester filters, filters were eluted, and eluate was frozen at -80 degrees C following addition of beef extract. Nucleic acids were extracted from both sample types using a QIAcube and QIAamp DNA mini kit with viral lysis buffer (AVL) and carrier RNA (Qiagen). Nucleic acids were extracted from 280 microliter (µL) of sample concentrate and eluted into 140 µL AE Buffer (Qiagen). Nucleic acids were analyzed in duplicate using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on a Roche LightCycler 480 II using hydrolysis probes. Inhibition was assessed for every sample using Sketa DNA as inhibition control and mitigated by dilution with AE buffer as necessary. No-template negative controls were performed for all analysis steps: secondary concentration, nucleic acid extraction, and qPCR. For each assay with amplification in negative controls, the cycle of quantification (Cq) in unknown samples must be below the censoring threshold to be accepted as positive. Censoring thresholds were calculated as the mean Cq of negative controls - 3 standard deviations; censoring thresholds for each assay and sample type are reported in a separate file (Censoring thresholds.csv). Positive controls (bovine herpes virus vaccine) for extraction were included with each analysis batch and evaluated qualitatively. Positive controls were run in duplicate reactions for all targets and had to be within 0.5 cycles of the expected Cq. Data are expressed as genomic copies per liter of groundwater sampled. Dataset consists of 1 spreadsheet file (qPCR data results.csv). Variables in this file are described in the included data dictionary.,

In this study, the abundance and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as well as the concentrations of antibiotics present in a mixed-use watershed in Athens, GA, USA were examined, in order to enhance understanding of the existing state of AR in the freshwater environment. The current study has shown that antibiotic-related contaminants are prevalent in the freshwater environment, including commensal and pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics used for human and veterinary purposes, medically important antibiotics, as well as the genes associated with resistance to these antibiotics. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: Data belong to coauthor at USDA ARS. It can be accessed through the following means: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author, Jonathan Frye at USDA. Format: Statistical analysis of data from surface water samples, see the journal article's Supplementary Materials for additional information: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/antibiotics12111586/s1. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Cho, S., L. Hiott, Q. Read, J. Damashek, J. Westrich, M. Edwards, R. Seim, D. Glinski, J. Bateman McDonald, E. Ottesen, E. Lipp, M. Henderson, C. Jackson, and J. Frye. Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance in a Mixed-Use Watershed and the Impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Antibiotic Resistance in Surface Water. The Journal of Antibiotics. Springer Nature, New York, NY, USA, 12(11): 1586, (2023).