Landslide susceptibility modeling results as raster data offering a broad assessment of landslide hazards across five regions of Minnesota, USA. Data was created as part of an investigation to understand the link between a previously mapped landslide inventory, various environmental variables, and post-glacial landscape development through multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Landslide susceptibility models show the potential of landslide occurrence at a location. These models are pivotal for reducing losses associated with landslides (Godt et al., 2022). In this data release, we include susceptibility results from the associated manuscript by Woodard and Mirus (2025). This manuscript shows how a morphometric model can create consistent and effective susceptibility models over large regions (> 100 km2) by analyzing the terrain’s topography. The model assumes that areas with high relative slope and hillslope area in comparison to the rest of the terrain are more susceptible to landsliding. As the model’s only input is elevation data, it mitigates the data biases common in the data-driven statistical methods (e.g., machine learning) generally used over these scales. We compare the morphometric model outputs to a parsimonious national susceptibility map and logistic regression machine learning models. The national susceptibility map is available in Belair et al., (2024). The two logistic regression models are trained on the landslide data available in the Willamette Valley Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 4 watershed (DOGAMI, 2024). To account for the effects of the sampling ratio of event to non-event data points, we create two logistic regression models. The first uses a 1:1 sampling ratio of landslide to non-landslide points and the second uses all the data within the training data which results in a 1:33 sampling ratio. Environmental datasets requisite for the logistic regression models are all derived from the three-dimensional elevation program (3DEP) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019a) preprocessed within the National Hydrography Dataset (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019b). The morphometric model was derived using only the 3DEP dataset without any input of where landslides have occurred. All model outputs are shown with slope units. This data release includes the following files: 1) logistic regression results with 1:1 sampling ratio over Willamette Valley HUC4 watershed (1709) (Logistic_1709_1.zip); 2) logistic regression results with 1:33 sampling ratio over Willamette Valley HUC4 watershed (1709) (Logistic_1709_All.zip); 3) morphometric results with uniform weights over the Willamette Valley HUC4 watershed (1709) (Morph_Uniform_1709.zip); 4) morphometric results with area weights over the 1701 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1701.zip); 5) morphometric results with area weights over the 1702 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1702.zip); 6) morphometric results with area weights over the 1703 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1703.zip); 7) morphometric results with area weights over the 1704 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1704.zip); 8) morphometric results with area weights over the 1705 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1705.zip); 9) morphometric results with area weights over the 1706 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1706.zip); 10) morphometric results with area weights over the 1707 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1707.zip); 11) morphometric results with area weights over the 1708 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1708.zip); 12) morphometric results with area weights over the 1709 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1709.zip); 13) morphometric results with area weights over the 1710 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1710.zip); 14) morphometric results with area weights over the 1711 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1711.zip); 15) morphometric results with area weights over the 1712 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1712.zip). 16) shape file field descriptors (Field_Descriptors.txt) Each zip-file contains the vector shapefiles of interest which can be extracted using most archiver software. References Cited DOGAMI. (2024). SLIDO (Version 4.5) [Data set]. https://pubs.oregon.gov/dogami/SLIDO/4.5/SLIDO_Release_4p5_wMetadata.gdb.zip. Gina M Belair, Jeanne M Jones, Sabrina N Martinez, Benjamin B Mirus, & Nathan J Wood. (2024). Slope-Relief Threshold Landslide Susceptibility Models for the United States and Puerto Rico [Data Release]. U.S. Geological Survey.

Landslide susceptibility models show the potential of landslide occurrence at a location. These models are pivotal for reducing losses associated with landslides (Godt et al., 2022). In this data release, we include susceptibility results from the associated manuscript by Woodard and Mirus (2025). This manuscript shows how a morphometric model can create consistent and effective susceptibility models over large regions (> 100 km2) by analyzing the terrain’s topography. The model assumes that areas with high relative slope and hillslope area in comparison to the rest of the terrain are more susceptible to landsliding. As the model’s only input is elevation data, it mitigates the data biases common in the data-driven statistical methods (e.g., machine learning) generally used over these scales. We compare the morphometric model outputs to a parsimonious national susceptibility map and logistic regression machine learning models. The national susceptibility map is available in Belair et al., (2024). The two logistic regression models are trained on the landslide data available in the Willamette Valley Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 4 watershed (DOGAMI, 2024). To account for the effects of the sampling ratio of event to non-event data points, we create two logistic regression models. The first uses a 1:1 sampling ratio of landslide to non-landslide points and the second uses all the data within the training data which results in a 1:33 sampling ratio. Environmental datasets requisite for the logistic regression models are all derived from the three-dimensional elevation program (3DEP) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019a) preprocessed within the National Hydrography Dataset (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019b). The morphometric model was derived using only the 3DEP dataset without any input of where landslides have occurred. All model outputs are shown with slope units. This data release includes the following files: 1) logistic regression results with 1:1 sampling ratio over Willamette Valley HUC4 watershed (1709) (Logistic_1709_1.zip); 2) logistic regression results with 1:33 sampling ratio over Willamette Valley HUC4 watershed (1709) (Logistic_1709_All.zip); 3) morphometric results with uniform weights over the Willamette Valley HUC4 watershed (1709) (Morph_Uniform_1709.zip); 4) morphometric results with area weights over the 1701 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1701.zip); 5) morphometric results with area weights over the 1702 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1702.zip); 6) morphometric results with area weights over the 1703 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1703.zip); 7) morphometric results with area weights over the 1704 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1704.zip); 8) morphometric results with area weights over the 1705 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1705.zip); 9) morphometric results with area weights over the 1706 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1706.zip); 10) morphometric results with area weights over the 1707 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1707.zip); 11) morphometric results with area weights over the 1708 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1708.zip); 12) morphometric results with area weights over the 1709 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1709.zip); 13) morphometric results with area weights over the 1710 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1710.zip); 14) morphometric results with area weights over the 1711 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1711.zip); 15) morphometric results with area weights over the 1712 HUC 4 watershed (Morph_Area_1712.zip). 16) shape file field descriptors (Field_Descriptors.txt) Each zip-file contains the vector shapefiles of interest which can be extracted using most archiver software. References Cited DOGAMI. (2024). SLIDO (Version 4.5) [Data set]. https://pubs.oregon.gov/dogami/SLIDO/4.5/SLIDO_Release_4p5_wMetadata.gdb.zip. Gina M Belair, Jeanne M Jones, Sabrina N Martinez, Benjamin B Mirus, & Nathan J Wood. (2024). Slope-Relief Threshold Landslide Susceptibility Models for the United States and Puerto Rico [Data Release]. U.S. Geological Survey.

Landslide hazard susceptibility mapping in Haines, Alaska, Report of Investigation 2024-8, provides a map and database of historical and prehistoric slope failures, maps of shallow and deep-seated landslide susceptibility, and a map of simulated debris flow runouts for the city and borough of Haines, Alaska. This work was prompted by the deadly Beach Road landslide that occurred on December 2, 2020, in Haines, Alaska, which highlights the significant safety and financial risks posed by slope failures to people and infrastructure. To better inform the Haines Borough of their potential landslide hazards and increase the city's hazard resiliency, the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) developed maps of historical and prehistorical slope failures, shallow landslide susceptibility, and modeled debris flow runouts. DGGS staff created a shallow landslide susceptibility map following protocols like those developed by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, which includes incorporating landslide inventory data, geotechnical soil properties, and lidar-derived topographic slope to calculate the Factor of Safety (FOS), which serves as a proxy for landslide susceptibility. Debris flow runout extents were generated using the model Laharz, which simulates runout extents based on catchment-specific physical parameters (e.g., hypothetical sediment volumes). Data from these analyses are collectively intended to depict locations where landslides are relatively more likely to occur or are relatively more likely to travel. The results provide important hazard information that can help guide planning and future risk investigations. The maps are not intended to predict slope failures and are site-specific; detailed investigations should be conducted before development in vulnerable areas. Results are for informational purposes and are not intended for legal, engineering, or surveying uses. These data and the interpretive maps and report are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/31309.

Landslide susceptibility maps are essential tools in infrastructure planning, hazard mitigation, and risk reduction. Susceptibility maps trained in one area have been found to be unreliable when applied to different areas (Woodard et al., 2023). This limitation leads to the need for a national map that is higher resolution and rigorous, but simple enough to be applied to diverse terrains and landslide types. The susceptibility maps presented here cover the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska (AK), Hawaii (HI), and Puerto Rico (PR) with a resolution of 90-m. Other United States (U.S.) territories were not considered due to insufficient landslide and digital elevation data. We also provide information on the proportion of susceptible terrain as well as the density (landslides per square kilometer) of documented landslides within susceptible terrain for each U.S. county. To generate the susceptibility maps we used 1/3 arc-second digital elevation models (DEMs) (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019) to calculate slope and 100-m relief, 613,724 unique landslides from our national landslide inventory compilation (Belair et al., 2022) to train the models and compute U.S. county aggregated susceptibility information, and high-performance computing resources to train the models (Falgout and Gordon, 2023). We present two slope-relief threshold models: (1) a linear regression model weighted by landslide density of each ecoregion (Wiken et al., 2011), and (2) a quantile nonlinear regression model fitted to the 10th quantile of the data. We (1) removed extraneous landslide data, (2) averaged 50 model runs, and then (3) down-sampled the maps from 10-m to 90-m resolution to account for uncertainty in the DEM and landslide position. The nonlinear model (n10) performs better under most topographic conditions and optimally balances our priorities of capturing observed landslides (98.9%) while minimizing area covered by susceptible terrain (44.6%). The weighted linear model (lw) captures slightly fewer landslides (98.8%) and has slightly less susceptible terrain (43.1%). The values of both maps represent the number of susceptible 10-m cells within each 90-m cell after down-sampling and can range from 0 to 81. While landslides are possible within any cells containing susceptible terrain, those with the highest concentration (or cell value) capture the majority of landslides, thus representing higher susceptibility areas. The susceptibility maps were then used to determine the total area of landslide susceptible terrain (square kilometers) for each U.S. county. The national landslide inventory compilation was used to determine the number of documented landslides within susceptible terrain for each county. This information was then used to calculate the proportion of susceptible terrain and the density of documented landslides within susceptible terrain for each county in the United States. This information is provided in tabular format, with columns corresponding to the information discussed above, and each row corresponding to a U.S. county. Further information about this analysis can be found in an interpretive publication (Mirus et al., 2024). This data release includes: (1) weighted linear susceptibility maps (lw_susc.zip), (2) quantile nonlinear susceptibility maps (n10_susc.zip), (3) landslide data used to develop the models (landslides.csv), (4) county aggregated susceptibility information (county_analysis.csv), (5) readme and analysis files, and (6) metadata. References Cited Belair, G. M., Jones, E. S., Slaughter, S. L., and Mirus, B. B., 2022, Landslide Inventories across the United States version 2: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FZUX6N Falgout, J. T., and Gordon, J., 2023, USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Yeti Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D798MJ Mirus, B. B., Belair, G. M., Wood, N. J., Jones, J. M., and Martinez, S. M., 2024, Parsimonious high-resolution

Landslides are damaging and deadly, and they occur in every U.S. state. However, our current ability to understand landslide hazards at the national scale is limited, in part because spatial data on landslide occurrence across the U.S. varies greatly in quality, accessibility, and extent. Landslide inventories are typically collected and maintained by different agencies and institutions, usually within specific jurisdictional boundaries, and often with varied objectives and information attributes or even in disparate formats. The purpose of this data release is to provide an openly accessible, centralized map of existing information on landslide occurrence across the entire U.S. The data release includes digital inventories created by both USGS and non-USGS authors. It provides an integrated database of all the landslides with a selection of uniform attributes, but also includes links to the original digital inventory files (whenever available). Given the wide range of landslide information sources in this data compilation, we also provide an attribute to assess the relative confidence in the characterization of the location and extent of each landslide. Further details about each landslide and more recent information (when it exists) can be accessed by clicking the “more information” attribute link to the original source information. This database will be updated intermittently and was most recently updated in March 2019. Please contact gs-haz_landslides_inventory@usgs.gov for more information on how to contribute additional inventories to this community effort.

Landslides are damaging and deadly, and they occur in every U.S. state. However, our current ability to understand landslide hazards at the national scale is limited, in part because spatial data on landslide occurrence across the U.S. varies greatly in quality, accessibility, and extent. Landslide inventories are typically collected and maintained by different agencies and institutions, usually within specific jurisdictional boundaries, and often with varied objectives and information attributes or even in disparate formats. The purpose of this data release is to provide an openly accessible, centralized map of existing information on landslide occurrence across the entire U.S. The data release includes digital inventories created by both USGS and non-USGS authors. It provides an integrated database of all the landslides with a selection of uniform attributes, but also includes links to the original digital inventory files (whenever available). Given the wide range of landslide information sources in this data compilation, we also provide an attribute to assess the relative confidence in the characterization of the location and extent of each landslide. Further details about each landslide and more recent information (when it exists) can be accessed by clicking the “more information” attribute link to the original source information. This database will be updated intermittently and was most recently updated in March 2019. Please contact gs-haz_landslides_inventory@usgs.gov for more information on how to contribute additional inventories to this community effort.