,We compared male courtship behavior among parasitoid species in the genus Aphelinus. Male Aphelinus antennate in alternating bouts of waving and simultaneous dipping. Among species, durations of courtship rounds varied, and within these rounds, durations of dipping and waving bouts varied. Furthermore, number of dipping bouts, dips per bout, and positions of male antennae during courtship varied among species. Logistic regression of species on these components of male behavior correctly classified males to species with 95 percent accuracy. Mapping these courtship components onto a molecular phylogeny showed that antennal positions tended to be phylogenetically conserved, whereas antennation durations and numbers of bouts diverged when clades diverged. The overall phylogenetic signal was weak. Comparison of behavioral components between allopatric and sympatric species, controlling for phylogenetic distance, showed little evidence for reinforcement in sympatry.,Data are presented on parasitoid and host aphid species sampling locations, courtship behavior, and geographical patristic distance.,,

,Mating disruption is a commercially available management tactic for pyralid moths that are pests of stored products. However, evaluations of efficacy have had limited replication which limits the ability to draw conclusions about effectiveness or impact of different variables on efficacy. We evaluated mating disruption of Plodia interpunctella in 33 retail pet supply stores, and the impact of factors such as insect density and application rate on efficacy. The objective of the project reported here was to evaluate how well mating disruption can suppress moth populations in retail pet stores, by assessing treatments under ‘real world’ conditions found in commercial operations. Data set included the characteristics of the stores including volume and geographic location, the mating disruption treatment types including the number and location of dispensers, and the captures of moths in pheromone baited traps over time before applying the mating disruption treatment and during the mating disruption treatment.,

,A colony of Ganaspis near brasiliensis from Yunnan was started from field collections in Kunming, Yunnan, China in 2016. Wild berries of Rubus foliosus Weihe, Rubus niveus Thunberg, Fragaria moupinensis Cardot (Rosaceae), and Sambucus adnate Wallich (Adoxaceae) were collected in the suburbs of Kuming. The berries were often infested by D. suzukii and the closely related Drosophila pulchrella. Initially, about 600 adult parasitoids emerged from imported puparia at the quarantine facility of University of California Berkeley (UCB). These specimens were assigned to two lineages, G1 and G3, based on COI sequences. A colony of the G3 lineage from Yunnan was started at USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit (BIIRU), Newark, Delaware, USA, from about 100 females and 50 males received from UCB in 2018. A colony of parasitoids from Tokyo (referred to as Ganaspis cf. brasiliensis in Girod et al. (2018a); Seehausen et al. (2020) was started from collections in 2016 from D. suzukii on wild cherry Prunus serrulata in Naganuma Park,Hachioji, Tokyo (Girod et al. 2018a). This population was assigned to the G1 lineage based on its COI sequence (Nomano et al. 2017; Seehausen et al. 2020). The colony is maintained in the quarantine laboratory at CABI in Delémont, Switzerland (Girod et al. 2018a). An Italian colony of the parasitoids from Tokyo was started in 2020 from 150 wasps from the CABI colony, and the BIIRU colony was established from about 500 wasps from Italy in 2021. A colony of D. suzukii was started with field collections of infested cherries during 2010 in Davis, California. Some of the material from British Columbia was identified as G3 in the present study. In the rest of this paper, we will refer to the material from these six populations as G1-BC, G1-Tokyo, G1-Yunnan, G3-BC, G3-Nagano, and G3-Yunnan.,The parasitoids were reared and crosses made in plant growth chambers (23 ± 1°C, 146: 10D, 40–60% RH) at the containment facility at BIIRU. Colonies of D. suzukii and the two COI lineages were maintained using the methods decribed by Rossi-Stacconi et al. (2022). Briefly, D. suzukii was maintained on artificial diet in 250 ml flasks. The parasitoid populations were maintained on blueberries infested by D. suzukii. Fruits were exposed to D. suzukii for 1-2 days for oviposition in screen cage (30 x 30 x 30 cm). The parasitoids were reared in clear plastic containers (9.2 x 11.7 x 7.6 cm) by exposing 5–10 female wasps to 10–20 infested blueberries for 4–5 days, with droplets of honey streaked on the container’s screen as food source. Following the exposure, infested fruits were removed from the cage and kept in new plastic containers with filter paper at the bottom to absorb leaking fruit juice. Newly emerged wasps were collected in plastic vials (95 × 25 mm) and honey provided.,We did crosses to test reproductive compatibility between G3-Yunnan and G1-Tokyo. For these crosses, parasitized D. suzukii puparia from the parasitoid colonies were isolated in plastic vials (95 × 25 mm). A piece of moisturized tissue paper was placed in each vial to provide humidity. When individuals emerged, they were supplied with a streak of honey on the bottom of the vial plug and paired within 48-72h with an individual of either the same or different population with the same emergence date. We made four crosses, two within populations and two between populations: G1♀ × G1♂, G3♀ × G3♂, G1♀ × G3♂, and G3♀ × G1♂. To control for thelytoky, that is females developing from unfertilized eggs (e.g., from Wolbachia infection), virgin females were also tested for each parasitoid population. For all crosses and controls, each female was provided with two infested blueberries containing approximately 10 first and second instar D. suzukii larvae, based on counts of initial host eggs laid in berries. After three days, females were removed and placed in 95% ethanol. Exposed host larvae were kept for 6 weeks during which adult flies should emerge (about

Data were collected from two laboratory rearing experiments conducted in 2018 of Trichoplusia ni caterpillars that had been parasitized by Copidosoma floridanum parasitoids. In the first experiment, parasitized caterpillars were fed artificial diets spiked with increasing concentrations of the phytochemical xanthotoxin in order to assess the effect of xanthotoxin on parasitoid success. In the second experiment, parasitized caterpillars were switched between diets with differing xanthotoxin concentration, such that all caterpillars experienced the same mean xanthotoxin concentration over their lives, but different treatments experienced different variability in xanthotoxin concentration. Data were recorded on caterpillar survival and parasitoid fitness components (e.g. number of offspring, proportion of offspring emerging from host, sex ratio of adult offspring).

,A native solitary bee to North America, the blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria Say, Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) is a crucial pollinator for orchard crops such as apples, almonds, and cherries. Osmia lignaria is often managed commercially and sold to complement honey bee pollination services.,We collected data following an accidental drop of developing immature bees inside their cocoons. These bees were part of a larger experiment performed in 2020. On June 17, 2020, bees were dropped approximately one meter onto a linoleum floor at the USDA-ARS-PWA Pollinating Insect Research Unit in Logan, Utah, USA. Developing bees were in gelatin capsules and attached to a sticky board for X-ray imaging. Using a board from the same study that had not fallen, we compared survival, life stages, and bodily injuries to document the effects of dropping immature O. lignaria a short distance.,Our research highlights the risks of handling immature O. lignaria during metamorphosis. Our data provides valuable information for bee managers and researchers about the risks of physical disturbances during critical developmental stages, which could affect bee survival and pollination services in orchards.,Key findings include: (1) Near-complete mortality of developing bees before the adult molt stage, (2) Insights into the vulnerability of O. lignaria during immature developmental stages, even when inside cocoons, and (3) Documentation of how mechanical injury during immature development impacts survival.,The dataset provides counts of bees in different life stages and conditions, including: (1) Life status (alive or dead) at cocoon completion, pupation, and adult molt stages, (2) Sex determination for bees that reached adulthood (male or female), (3) Final life stage reached (prepupa, pupa, or adult), and (4) Body condition after the fall (malformed, melanized, no observable change, or partially melanized).,Additional variables in the dataset include: (1) Sample identifiers, treatment groups, and X-ray board identifiers from the original experiment and (2) Whether the board was dropped or not.,Abbreviations and acronyms in the dataset,,