Bacteria were isolated from seeds of non-native Phragmites australis (haplotype M) then representatives were evaluated for their capacities to become intracellular in root cells, and their effects on: 1.) germination rates and seedling growth, 2.) susceptibility to damping-off disease, and 3.) mortality and growth of competitor plant seedlings (dandelion (Taraxacum officionale F. H. Wigg) and curly dock (Rumex crispus L.)). The experiments included the following assessments of Phragmites-associated bacteria (Pseudomonas spp, strains Sandy LB4 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and West 9 (Pseudomonas sp.)): capacity for plant growth promotion (using Poa annua seeds), Poa annua and Phragmites australis seed germination and seedling root architecture, disease protection (co-culture experiments with soil fungi), damping off disease control (with pathogen Fusarium oxysporum), and multiple competitor inhibition experiments (with Taraxacum officionale and Rumex crispus L.). In total, 10 laboratory experiments were performed, data from eight of which are recorded in this data release.

To determine the differences in soil microbial community composition between native and non-native lineages of Phragmites, we sampled soils from eight sites in the Great Lakes basin where populations of native and non-native Phragmites co-occurred. In addition, we included samples of soils from 27 populations of Phragmites across the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coasts of the US. Samples were collected between July 2015 and September 2017. At each site in the Great Lakes, we sampled rhizosphere and bulk soil surrounding one ramet of each lineage. Samples from Atlantic and Gulf coasts were collected by homogenizing rhizosphere soils from multiple ramets of one population within a single lineage. DNA was extracted from soils and fungal, bacterial, and oomycete DNA was amplified to identify the microbial constituents. Amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. This dataset includes outputs of bioinformatic analysis of sequences including operational taxonomic unit (OTU) generation, OTU abundance, resolved taxonomy, and environmental metadata collected in our survey. Raw sequences were uploaded to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under SRA accession number PRJNA601975. First posted: October 22, 2020 (available by request) Minor Revision: December, 2020 (version 1.1)

To determine the differences in soil microbial community composition between native and non-native lineages of Phragmites, we sampled soils from eight sites in the Great Lakes basin where populations of native and non-native Phragmites co-occurred. In addition, we included samples of soils from 27 populations of Phragmites across the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coasts of the US. Samples were collected between July 2015 and September 2017. At each site in the Great Lakes, we sampled rhizosphere and bulk soil surrounding one ramet of each lineage. Samples from Atlantic and Gulf coasts were collected by homogenizing rhizosphere soils from multiple ramets of one population within a single lineage. DNA was extracted from soils and fungal, bacterial, and oomycete DNA was amplified to identify the microbial constituents. Amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. This dataset includes outputs of bioinformatic analysis of sequences including operational taxonomic unit (OTU) generation, OTU abundance, resolved taxonomy, and environmental metadata collected in our survey. Raw sequences were uploaded to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under SRA accession number PRJNA601975. First posted: October 22, 2020 (available by request) Minor Revision: December, 2020 (version 1.1)

The data document the results of several microbe bioassays performed by the USGS on Phragmites australis plants, including those performed on mature leaves, seedlings, and dead leaf tissues exploration of the literature to find accounts of microbes associated with Phragmites worldwide. For the bioassays, we prepared 162 pure cultures isolated from Phragmites plants in North America along the east coast, Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes area, 125 of which were from a previous study, and 38 represent new collections. The DNA sequences used to identify the 37 new collections are included. Microbes were isolated from plants collected from 2015-2018. We performed assays using both North American plant lineages (Phragmites australis subsp. australis and Phragmites australis subsp. americanus) on mature leaves and seedlings. Data included here report each plant's reaction to microbial inoculation. Finally, to put our findings in context, we surveyed Phragmites-associated microbes assembled from multiple extensive literature sources representing a worldwide extent These data will be valuable to researchers interested in effects of leaf microbes on Phragmites health and invasiveness of the non-native lineage. Additionally, the data have implications for potential biocontrol of Phragmites.

The data document the results of several microbe bioassays performed by the USGS on Phragmites australis plants, including those performed on mature leaves, seedlings, and dead leaf tissues exploration of the literature to find accounts of microbes associated with Phragmites worldwide. For the bioassays, we prepared 162 pure cultures isolated from Phragmites plants in North America along the east coast, Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes area, 125 of which were from a previous study, and 38 represent new collections. The DNA sequences used to identify the 37 new collections are included. Microbes were isolated from plants collected from 2015-2018. We performed assays using both North American plant lineages (Phragmites australis subsp. australis and Phragmites australis subsp. americanus) on mature leaves and seedlings. Data included here report each plant's reaction to microbial inoculation. Finally, to put our findings in context, we surveyed Phragmites-associated microbes assembled from multiple extensive literature sources representing a worldwide extent These data will be valuable to researchers interested in effects of leaf microbes on Phragmites health and invasiveness of the non-native lineage. Additionally, the data have implications for potential biocontrol of Phragmites.

To determine how native and non-native lineages of Phragmites australis affect and respond to soil bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, we collected live rhizomes, seeds and soil from native and non-native lineages of Phragmites from 10 sites within Michigan and Ohio, USA. We propagated these field-collected samples to carry out a reciprocal-transplant plant-soil feedback experiment with multiple microbial inhibition treatments. Specifically, we investigated how each Phragmites lineage grew in soils pre-conditioned by each lineage and soils that had been pre-sterilized. Plant biomass was the main response variable collected to determine responses to microbial soil conditioning. We also used DNA meta-barcoding to identify the effects of each plant lineage on soil microbes and link plant responses to microbial communities. Specifically, DNA was extracted from soils and fungal and bacterial DNA was amplified to identify the microbial constituents. Amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. This dataset includes outputs of bioinformatic analysis of sequences including operational taxonomic unit (OTU) generation, OTU abundance, resolved taxonomy, and environmental metadata collected in our survey. Raw sequences were uploaded to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under SRA accession number PRJNA719385.

To determine how native and non-native lineages of Phragmites australis affect and respond to soil bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, we collected live rhizomes, seeds and soil from native and non-native lineages of Phragmites from 10 sites within Michigan and Ohio, USA. We propagated these field-collected samples to carry out a reciprocal-transplant plant-soil feedback experiment with multiple microbial inhibition treatments. Specifically, we investigated how each Phragmites lineage grew in soils pre-conditioned by each lineage and soils that had been pre-sterilized. Plant biomass was the main response variable collected to determine responses to microbial soil conditioning. We also used DNA meta-barcoding to identify the effects of each plant lineage on soil microbes and link plant responses to microbial communities. Specifically, DNA was extracted from soils and fungal and bacterial DNA was amplified to identify the microbial constituents. Amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. This dataset includes outputs of bioinformatic analysis of sequences including operational taxonomic unit (OTU) generation, OTU abundance, resolved taxonomy, and environmental metadata collected in our survey. Raw sequences were uploaded to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under SRA accession number PRJNA719385.

These data tables contain data collections from field experiments of Phragmites australis (ssp. australis) treated with known fungal endophytes. Tiller counts, tiller diameter, and tiller height measurements were taken every two weeks over an eight-week study period. Clones of Phragmites plants were collected from three different locations: Sandusky, Michigan; Bloomington, Indiana; and the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge near Oak Harbor, Ohio. Additionally, data collections from a similar experiment of Phragmites australis (ssp. australis) treated with known fungal endophytes performed in a growth chamber are included. Tiller numbers and tiller heights were measured every three weeks over 15 total weeks for the growth chamber experiment. Plants from both experiments were collected and processed to determine dry weights and fungal communities were sequenced. All sequence data were submitted to GenBank (NCBI Accession Numbers: OM26200-OM262384).

These data tables contain data collections from field experiments of Phragmites australis (ssp. australis) treated with known fungal endophytes. Tiller counts, tiller diameter, and tiller height measurements were taken every two weeks over an eight-week study period. Clones of Phragmites plants were collected from three different locations: Sandusky, Michigan; Bloomington, Indiana; and the Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge near Oak Harbor, Ohio. Additionally, data collections from a similar experiment of Phragmites australis (ssp. australis) treated with known fungal endophytes performed in a growth chamber are included. Tiller numbers and tiller heights were measured every three weeks over 15 total weeks for the growth chamber experiment. Plants from both experiments were collected and processed to determine dry weights and fungal communities were sequenced. All sequence data were submitted to GenBank (NCBI Accession Numbers: OM26200-OM262384).

This dataset describes the identification of phytoplankton to the lowest taxonomic level (typically species), as well as abundance (density) and biovolume from grab samples collected from Lake Michigan at Jackson Park at Hyde Park, Illinois and Lake Michigan at Jeorse Park at Gary, Indiana.