These datasets contain microbial community data from groundwater samples collected at an in situ bioremediation site located at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. DNA was extracted from groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells at the NAWC study site from July 2008 through July 2015 and analyzed for microbial community structure. Sample collection coincided with a groundwater bioremediation experiment investigating the microbial degradation of the contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE) prevalent in the targeted region of the aquifer. Nutrient addition and a microbial consortium, commercially developed to stimulate the degradation of TCE and TCE byproducts, was introduced to the contaminated groundwater on October 15, 2008. This data release contains microbial community data including taxonomy, alpha, and beta diversity from next-generation sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA from groundwater samples collected during the 7-year observation period. A further discussion and interpretation of the data is presented by Jennifer C Underwood, Denise M Akob, Michelle Mi Lorah, Thomas E Imbrigiotta, Ronald W Harvey, Claire R Tiedeman, Microbial community response to a bioaugmentation test to degrade trichloroethylene in a fractured rock aquifer, Trenton, N.J, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Volume 98, Issue 7, July 2022, fiac077, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac077.

These data sets present results from the analyses of groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells and monitoring intervals in bedrock wells in the mudstone aquifer underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. The water samples were collected between 2008 and 2013 and were analyzed for field parameters, inorganic and organic constituents, and the abundances of selected microbes of importance to the evaluation of biological degradation of organic contaminants in groundwater. The collection and analyses of the groundwater samples coincides with conducting a bioaugmentation experiment in a targeted region of the mudstone aquifer. The purpose of the bioaugmentation was to introduce and stimulate microbial species that are capable of degrading trichloroethene (TCE). The bioaugmentation experiment was initiated on October 15, 2008. Samples were collected in wells prior to the start of the experiment and for a period of 5 years after the experiment was initiated.

These data sets present results from the analyses of groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells and monitoring intervals in bedrock wells in the mudstone aquifer underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. The water samples were collected between 2008 and 2013 and were analyzed for field parameters, inorganic and organic constituents, and the abundances of selected microbes of importance to the evaluation of biological degradation of organic contaminants in groundwater. The collection and analyses of the groundwater samples coincides with conducting a bioaugmentation experiment in a targeted region of the mudstone aquifer. The purpose of the bioaugmentation was to introduce and stimulate microbial species that are capable of degrading trichloroethene (TCE). The bioaugmentation experiment was initiated on October 15, 2008. Samples were collected in wells prior to the start of the experiment and for a period of 5 years after the experiment was initiated.

This metadata record consists of 16 tables containing data generated from laboratory experiments of trichloroethene (TCE) biodegradation and during field characterization and performance monitoring of a groundwater bioremediation pilot test conducted at Site K, Former Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant, Arden Hills, Minnesota. The data were collected from December 2020 through December 2022. Laboratory experiment data include concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and dissolved hydrocarbon gases including methane and ethene. Laboratory experiments were used to determine amendments for the groundwater bioremediation pilot test. Field data include concentrations of VOCs in soil core samples, information on wells used for the study, groundwater measurements of field parameters, and groundwater concentrations of VOCs, major and minor ions, nutrients, trace metals, non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC), dissolved hydrocarbon gases, and redox-sensitive species including sulfide, reduced manganese, ferrous iron, and methane. Microbial communities in samples and compound specific isotope analysis of groundwater samples were also assessed. Groundwater and soil data were collected for initial site characterization from December 2020 to June 2021 and from October 2021 to December 2022 to establish baseline conditions before addition of pilot test amendments, followed by approximately quarterly and monthly sampling events for performance monitoring of the pilot test. The data within these tables were used to assess natural and enhanced anaerobic biodegradation of TCE and other VOCs and the potential to utilize bioremediation as a treatment method for the groundwater plume at Site K.

This data set presents results from two groundwater tracing experiments conducted in the mudstone aquifer underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. In each test, a bromide solution was introduced into a hydraulically isolated section of borehole 36BR (denoted as 36BR-A); the hydraulically isolated section of the borehole isolated specific bedding plane parting fractures intersecting the borehole 36BR. In the first test, initiated in July 2007, water samples were collected from borehole 15BR; borehole 15BR is outfitted with a submersible pump operating continuously as part of the pump-and-treat operation at the NAWC to prevent off-site migration of groundwater contaminants. In the second tracer test, initiated in September 2008, groundwater samples were collected from a hydraulically isolated section of borehole 73BR (denoted as 73BR-D2); a peristaltic pump was used extract groundwater from the selected interval. In each test, the groundwater samples were analyzed for the concentration of bromide using ion chromatography.

This data set presents results from two groundwater tracing experiments conducted in the mudstone aquifer underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. In each test, a bromide solution was introduced into a hydraulically isolated section of borehole 36BR (denoted as 36BR-A); the hydraulically isolated section of the borehole isolated specific bedding plane parting fractures intersecting the borehole 36BR. In the first test, initiated in July 2007, water samples were collected from borehole 15BR; borehole 15BR is outfitted with a submersible pump operating continuously as part of the pump-and-treat operation at the NAWC to prevent off-site migration of groundwater contaminants. In the second tracer test, initiated in September 2008, groundwater samples were collected from a hydraulically isolated section of borehole 73BR (denoted as 73BR-D2); a peristaltic pump was used extract groundwater from the selected interval. In each test, the groundwater samples were analyzed for the concentration of bromide using ion chromatography.

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation, conducted an investigation of acid-rock drainage from road cuts in Tennessee during 2014-2015. The Devonian Chattanooga Shale contains disseminated pyrite and is a primary producer of acid-rock drainage (ARD) in Tennessee. One objective of the overall investigation was to attenuate ARD by manipulating the indigenous microbial community through different treatment injections. The scope of the study included establishing flow-through microcosms constructed with shale from the Chattanooga Shale formation rich in pyrite collected from an ARD site in Middle Tennessee. The microcosms were subjected to various treatments and evaluations included monitoring pH and additional geochemical and microbial constituents in the effluent waters.

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation, conducted an investigation of acid-rock drainage from road cuts in Tennessee during 2014-2015. The Devonian Chattanooga Shale contains disseminated pyrite and is a primary producer of acid-rock drainage (ARD) in Tennessee. One objective of the overall investigation was to attenuate ARD by manipulating the indigenous microbial community through different treatment injections. The scope of the study included establishing flow-through microcosms constructed with shale from the Chattanooga Shale formation rich in pyrite collected from an ARD site in Middle Tennessee. The microcosms were subjected to various treatments and evaluations included monitoring pH and additional geochemical and microbial constituents in the effluent waters.

Onsite wastewater disposal systems (OWDS) in coastal regions of Long Island, New York, contribute bacteria, nutrients, and organic wastewater-associated compounds (including pharmaceuticals, personal care and domestic use products referred to here as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)) to downgradient shallow groundwater in nearshore settings. Many of the densely populated areas along the East Coast (i.e. Long Island, New York) are served by OWDS. Approximately 75 percent of Suffolk County, New York, residents rely on simple OWDS such as a series of cesspools (ground pits lined with cement blocks or rings without a sealed bottom) and septic systems. Cesspools provide minimal wastewater treatment, typically relying on bacteria to breakdown the solid waste while untreated water percolates into the sandy surficial aquifer. The high hydraulic conductivity of the sandy surficial aquifer of the New York coastal region makes these areas particularly vulnerable to organic wastewater contamination. Groundwater samples were collected from the shallow groundwater flow system along the shoreline of (1) a barrier island summer community and (2) the mainland of Long Island. Both locations are distinctive coastal communities in Suffolk County, NY, and typically rely on a simple OWDS system. The coastal communities selected are in areas inundated by the storm tide brought on by Hurricane Sandy and are considered vulnerable to extreme storms (i.e. hurricanes and nor’easters), flooding events, and sea-level rise; all of which can damage wastewater infrastructure and lead to biogeochemical changes that disrupt the level of onsite treatment and result in increased discharge of contaminants to estuaries through groundwater seepage. Specific locations were selected in areas along the shore that are within 180 m downgradient from OWDS and just above the reaches of the spring high-tide mark along the shoreline. For our study, beach areas without bulkheads (a retaining wall built for shoreline protection) were targeted due to the need to access areas downgradient of OWDS. Twenty-nine of the 103 pharmaceuticals measured were detected at least once at the NY sample locations. Other detected CECs include PCDUs (caffeine, nicotine, and metabolites), methyl-1H-benzotrizole (a corrosion inhibitor), and piperonyl butoxide (a pesticide synergist). Lidocaine, an over-the-counter topical anesthetic, was the most commonly detected pharmaceutical (35% of samples). Other commonly detected pharmaceuticals included fexofenadine (an over-the-counter antihistamine detected in 30% of samples), and carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant), desvenlafaxine (antidepressant), meprobamate (an anxiolytic), metformin (an antidiabetic), and tramadol (an opioid) each detected in 25% of the samples.

Onsite wastewater disposal systems (OWDS) in coastal regions of Long Island, New York, contribute bacteria, nutrients, and organic wastewater-associated compounds (including pharmaceuticals, personal care and domestic use products referred to here as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)) to downgradient shallow groundwater in nearshore settings. Many of the densely populated areas along the East Coast (i.e. Long Island, New York) are served by OWDS. Approximately 75 percent of Suffolk County, New York, residents rely on simple OWDS such as a series of cesspools (ground pits lined with cement blocks or rings without a sealed bottom) and septic systems. Cesspools provide minimal wastewater treatment, typically relying on bacteria to breakdown the solid waste while untreated water percolates into the sandy surficial aquifer. The high hydraulic conductivity of the sandy surficial aquifer of the New York coastal region makes these areas particularly vulnerable to organic wastewater contamination. Groundwater samples were collected from the shallow groundwater flow system along the shoreline of (1) a barrier island summer community and (2) the mainland of Long Island. Both locations are distinctive coastal communities in Suffolk County, NY, and typically rely on a simple OWDS system. The coastal communities selected are in areas inundated by the storm tide brought on by Hurricane Sandy and are considered vulnerable to extreme storms (i.e. hurricanes and nor’easters), flooding events, and sea-level rise; all of which can damage wastewater infrastructure and lead to biogeochemical changes that disrupt the level of onsite treatment and result in increased discharge of contaminants to estuaries through groundwater seepage. Specific locations were selected in areas along the shore that are within 180 m downgradient from OWDS and just above the reaches of the spring high-tide mark along the shoreline. For our study, beach areas without bulkheads (a retaining wall built for shoreline protection) were targeted due to the need to access areas downgradient of OWDS. Twenty-nine of the 103 pharmaceuticals measured were detected at least once at the NY sample locations. Other detected CECs include PCDUs (caffeine, nicotine, and metabolites), methyl-1H-benzotrizole (a corrosion inhibitor), and piperonyl butoxide (a pesticide synergist). Lidocaine, an over-the-counter topical anesthetic, was the most commonly detected pharmaceutical (35% of samples). Other commonly detected pharmaceuticals included fexofenadine (an over-the-counter antihistamine detected in 30% of samples), and carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant), desvenlafaxine (antidepressant), meprobamate (an anxiolytic), metformin (an antidiabetic), and tramadol (an opioid) each detected in 25% of the samples.