This dataset reports select histopathological changes in liver, kidney, gonad, spleen, brain, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, or adrenal gland of zebra finches exposed to 15mg/kg, 18mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 60mg/kg, 75mg/kg, 125mg/kg, or 250mg/kg clothianidin (CTD) (with controls) by gavage, in water, or on millet seed either as a single dose or for 7 days. The goal of the project is to develop a subacute neonicotinoid toxicity model using zebra finches as a model passerine. We have completed two acute toxicity trials using CTD insecticide. Based on these studies, we estimate the no observable effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest observable effect level (LOAEL) for CTD in zebra finches to be 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight, respectively, and the concentration producing a toxic effect in 50% of treated birds (EC50) to be approximately 150mg/kg. We next exposed birds for 7 days to CTD in drinking water at nominal doses of 40, 20, 4, and 0mg/kg (cumulative 240, 140, 28, and 0mg/kg CTD). Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in any bird. Lastly, birds were gavaged daily for 7 days with 18mg/kg body weight CTD dissolved in acetone and mixed with vegetable oil. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed beginning after the fourth exposure day and were similar to signs observed in acute (125 mg/kg) CTD dosing. In order to further refine our model, we re-tested CTD treatment via drinking water (at a higher dose of 60mg/kg), exposed birds to 7 days of CTD coated millet seed (15mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 60mg/kg), and extend the follow-up time following an acute exposure to 21 days. Tissues were scanned on at least 10x objective and lesions potentially associated with neonicotinoid exposure were scored on a severity scale of 0-3 (0: absent; 1: mild; 2: moderate; 3: severe). Despite clinical signs of toxicity, there were no consistent microscopic lesions of exposure at the dose levels examined.

This dataset describes histopathological changes in liver, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle and intestine of captive American kestrels exposed to the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum (BROD). The goal of the study was to determine the toxic range of brodifacoum by feeding birds a diet containing 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 ug BROD/g wet weight. Birds were necropsied and examined grossly for hemorrhages or anemia, and liver, kidney, heart, pectoral muscle, and intestine was collected for histopathological evaluation. Tissues were scanned at least 100x magnification and all lesions, including hemorrhage, inflammation, and degenerative changes, were described and assigned a morphologic diagnosis with severity, chronicity, and distribution as appropriate.

This dataset documents histopathological changes in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and intestine of captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to brodifacoum formulations with differing elimination half-lives in target rodents. The toxicity of two brodifacoum formulations with stereoisomers having markedly different elimination half-lives in rats (Formulation A containing the 2 least persistent stereoisomers, Formulation B containing the most persistent stereoisomer) were tested in a 7-day dietary feeding trial. Based on previous kestrel studies using commercially available brodifacoum, Formulations A and B were each provided at 3 dietary concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/g diet, 4 kestrels/dose level) predicted to cause a range of toxicity. Birds were necropsied and examined grossly for hemorrhages or anemia, and liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and intestine was collected for histopathological evaluation. Tissues stained by hematoxylin and eosin were scanned at at least 100x magnification and all hemorrhage, defined as erythrocyte extravasation, was scored on a severity scale of 0-4 (absent, minimal, mild, moderate, or severe). Other microscopic abnormalities noted within the case set were scored as absent or present. Microscopic examination revealed mild to moderate hemorrhage in 11/111 of tissues examined, including samples from the control group; hemorrhage was not related to dietary concentration of either brodifacoum formulation. Other observations in the case set included portal infiltrates in the liver (27/27), suspect polyomavirus inclusions in the kidney (14/28), renal interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (6/28), other cellular infiltrates (17/111), myocyte degeneration or regeneration (3/28), myocellular protozoal cysts (2/28), hepatocellular glycogenosis (1/27), and minimal hepatocellular necrosis (1/27). These findings are not considered likely to be clinically significant or related to brodifacoum exposure.

This work is part of a study of the immunological effects of exposure to alternative flame retardants in avian species. For the pathology portion of the study, spleens and bursas from American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed by egg injection to varying doses of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and the flame retardant TBBPA-BDBPE were examined microscopically for architectural and cellular abnormalities. At euthanasia, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological assessment. Slides were processed and stained with hematoxalin and eosin as per standard procedure (Luna 1968). Quantitative and qualitative B and T cell parameters were assessed by light microscopy. Specifically, variables assessed included the following: spleen: total area; number, thickness and area of peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheaths; number and diameter of lymphoid follicles; bursa: follicular and medullary area; cellular density; apoptosis; heterophil infiltration; presence of follicular cysts. Evaluation of the architecture and cellular population of immune organs will shed light on potential functional immunological effects of exposure that may lead to increased susceptibility to infectious disease or affect normal growth and development of the chick. (Luna LG. 1968. Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces institute of pathology, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.)

Extents of impact, as measured by NMR spectroscopy, on the Zebrafish liver cell endogenous metabolite profiles resulting from exposure to the 38 stream waters, along with numbers of anthropogenic organic chemicals detected at each site. Also, a summary of chemicals detected by class is included, along with statistics on their occurances in the group of stressors that most-strongly covary with changes in endogenous metabolite profiles. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Collette, T., D. Ekman, H. Zhen, H. Nguyen, P.M. Bradley, and Q. Teng. Cell-Based Metabolomics for Untargeted Screening and Prioritization of Vertebrate-Active Stressors in Streams Across the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 53(15): 9232-9240, (2019).

This work is part of a study of the immunological effects of exposure to alternative flame retardants in avian species. For the pathology portion of the study, hatchling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were exposed to the flame retardant isopropyl triphenyl phosphate (ITP) and then challenged with a synthetic analogue of viral double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Control birds were challenged with vehicle only or vehicle and poly I:C. At euthanasia, spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological assessment. Slides were processed and stained with hematoxalin and eosin as per standard procedure (Luna 1968). Quantitative and qualitative B and T cell parameters were assessed by light microscopy. Specifically, variables assessed included the following: spleen: proportion of white to red pulp; thickness of peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheaths; number and diameter of lymphoid follicles; thymus: total area; area of medulla; density of cortical lymphocytes; number of tingible body macrophages; heterophil infiltration; bursa: follicular and medullary area; cellular density; apoptosis; heterophil infiltration; presence of follicular cysts. Evaluation of the architecture and cellular population of immune organs will shed light on potential functional immunological effects of exposure that may lead to increased susceptibility to infectious disease. (Luna LG. 1968. Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces institute of pathology, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.)

Data describe results of a set of laboratory experiments using a previously described quantitative thiaminase I activity assay to test the thiaminase activity of whole zebrafish homogenates. Parameters described include the thiaminase activity data, dilution factors, incubation time, and tissue weight assayed. Experiments were conducted at the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO in 2006.

Impacts of U.S. Streams on the Lipidome of Zebrafish Liver Cells. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Zhen, H., Q. Teng, J. Mosley, T. Collette, Y. Yue, P. Bradley, and D. Ekman. Untargeted Lipidomics for Determining Cellular and Subcellular Responses in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Liver Cells Following Exposure to Complex Mixtures in U.S. Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 55(12): 8180–8190, (2021).

This dataset contains 60-min locomotor response data for all control, chemical and particulate-extract-treated zebrafish. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Stevens, J., S. Padilla, D. DeMarini, D. Hunter, K. Martin, L. Thompson, I. Gilmour, M. Hazari, and A. Farraj. Zebrafish Locomotor Responses Reveal Irritant Effects of Fine Particulate Matter Extracts and a Role for TRPA1. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Society of Toxicology, RESTON, VA, 161(2): 290-299, (2018).

This dataset contains all underlying data used to generate the figures contained in Gaballah et al. Evaluation of developmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and tissue dose in zebrafish exposed to GenX and other PFAS. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Gaballah, S., A. Swank, X.M. Howey, J. Sobus, J. Schmid, T. Catron, J. McCord, E. Hines, and M. Strynar. Evaluation of developmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and tissue dose in zebrafish exposed to GenX and other PFAS. NA. NA (ed.), ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 128(4): 047005-1 - 047005-22, (2020).