Polymers used in 3D printing are known to emit hazardous materials when heated. While the emissions from pristine polymers and some filaments have been studied, many filaments contain additives that may influence their hazardous emissions. This research used a variety of commercially-available 3D printer filaments to assess the possibly formation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), a class of surface-bound free radicals that have much longer lifetimes compared to their gas-phase counterparts. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to successfully identify EPFRs in particulate matter collected during regular 3D printer use. These findings should influence future studies on 3D printer emissions to include consideration of EPFR formation. These methodologies may be used by EPA's Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP), Consumer Protection and Safety Commission (CPSC), and National Institute of Occupational of Safety and Health (NIOSH). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Hasan, F., P.M. Potter, S.R. Al-Abed, J. Matheson, and S.M. Lomnicki. Investigating environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) emissions of 3D printing process. Chemical Engineering Journal. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 480: 148158, (2024).

The data set contains the details on the thermal degradation that takes place during 3D printing of six commercially-available 3D printer filaments containing either carbon nanotubes or metal particle additives. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are measured and used to develop reaction mechanisms. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Potter, P.M., S.R. Al-Abed, F. Hasan, and S.M. Lomnicki. Influence of polymer additives on gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 279: 138543, (2021).

The data set contains the details on the thermal degradation that takes place during 3D printing of six commercially-available 3D printer filaments containing either carbon nanotubes or metal particle additives. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are measured and used to develop reaction mechanisms. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Potter, P.M., S.R. Al-Abed, F. Hasan, and S.M. Lomnicki. Influence of polymer additives on gas-phase emissions from 3D printer filaments. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 279: 138543, (2021).

Data for Particle and Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from a 3D Printer Filament Extruder. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Byrley, P., A. Wallace, W. Boyes, and K. Rogers. Particle and volatile organic compound emissions from a 3D printer filament extruder. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 736: 139604, (2020).

This dataset contains the raw data output from measurements of 3D printer emissions using both ABS and PLA feedstocks. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Byrley, P., W. Boyes, K. Rogers, and A. Jarabek. 3D Printer Particle Emissions: Translation to Internal Dose in Adults and Children.. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 154: 105765, (2021).

In embedded 3D printing, a nozzle is embedded into a support bath and extrudes filaments or droplets into the bath. Using OpenFOAM, we simulated the extrusion of filaments and droplets into a moving bath. OpenFOAM is an open source computational fluid dynamics solver. This repository contains the following Python tools: - Tools for generating input files for OpenFOAM v1912 or OpenFOAM v8 tailored to a conical or cylindrical nozzle extruding a filament into a static support bath. - Tools for monitoring the status of OpenFOAM simulations and aborting them if they are too slow. - Tools for moving output files between storage locations. (For example, it can automatically move all files to a server, but only necessary files to your hard drive) - Tools for generating images and tables from the 3D time series. - Tools for compiling images into videos. - Tools for analyzing, summarizing, and plotting data.This version is associated with the paper:Friedrich, L.M., Gunther, R.T. & Seppala, J.E. (2022) Simulated stress mitigation strategies in embedded 3D bioprinting, submitted for publication

In embedded 3D printing, a nozzle is embedded into a support bath and extrudes filaments or droplets into the bath. Using OpenFOAM, we simulated the extrusion of filaments and droplets into a moving bath. OpenFOAM is an open source computational fluid dynamics solver. This repository contains the following Python tools: - Tools for generating input files for OpenFOAM v1912 or OpenFOAM v8 tailored to a conical or cylindrical nozzle extruding a filament into a static support bath. - Tools for monitoring the status of OpenFOAM simulations and aborting them if they are too slow. - Tools for moving output files between storage locations. (For example, it can automatically move all files to a server, but only necessary files to your hard drive) - Tools for generating images and tables from the 3D time series. - Tools for compiling images into videos. - Tools for analyzing, summarizing, and plotting data.This version is associated with the paper:Friedrich, L.M., Gunther, R.T. & Seppala, J.E. (2022) Simulated stress mitigation strategies in embedded 3D bioprinting, submitted for publication

EPA employee associated with this research has retired. Supplemental material for this article contains additional information about the data, but for additional information on the data please contact the first author. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Tedla, G., and K. Rogers. Characterization of 3D printing filaments containing metal additives and their particulate emissions. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier BV, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, 875: 162648, (2023).

In embedded 3D printing, a nozzle is embedded into a support bath and extrudes filaments or droplets into the bath. Using OpenFOAM, we simulated the extrusion of filaments and droplets into a moving bath, for single filaments, single filaments being disturbed by a nozzle, and printing pairs of filaments. OpenFOAM is an open source computational fluid dynamics solver. This repository contains the following Python tools: Tools for generating input files for OpenFOAM v1912 or OpenFOAM v8 tailored to a nozzle extruding a filament into a static support bath, Tools for monitoring the status of OpenFOAM simulations and aborting them if they are too slow, Tools for moving output files between storage locations. (For example, it can automatically move all files to a server, but only necessary files to your hard drive), Tools for generating images and tables from the 3D time series, Tools for compiling images into videos, Tools for analyzing, summarizing, and plotting data.

The data presented includes the total elemental analysis, via ICP-MS) of aerosol emissions from 3D printer of thermoplastic polymers. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Yi, J., M.G. Duling, L.N. Bowers, A.K. Knepp, R.F. LeBouf, T.R. Nurkiewicz, A. Ranpara, T. Luxton, S.B. Martin Jr, D.A. Burns, D.M. Peloquin, E.J. Baumann, M.A. Virji, and A.B. Stefaniak. Particle and organic vapor emissions from children’s 3-D pen and 3-D printer toys. INHALATION TOXICOLOGY. Taylor & Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA, 31(13-14): 432-445, (2019).