Gravity regulates the magnitude and direction of a trans-cell calcium current in germinating spores of Ceratopteris richardii. Blocking this current with nifedipine blocks the spore s downward polarity alignment a polarization that is fixed by gravity 10 h after light induces the spores to germinate. RNA-seq analysis at 10 h was used to identify genes potentially important for the gravity response. The data set will be valuable for other developmental and phylogenetic studies.

The goal of this study was to assess whether low shear-modeled microgravity (LSMMG) effects yeast ,genomic expression patterns using the powerful tool of whole genome microarray hybridization. We determined ,changes in the yeast model organism Saccharomyces cerevisisae when grown in LSMMG using the rotating High ,Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV). A significant number of genes were up- or down-regulated by at least two fold in cells ,that were grown for 5 generations or 25 generations in HARVs. We identified genes in cell wall integrity signaling ,pathways containing MAP kinase cascades that may provide clues to novel physiological responses of eukaryotic ,cells to the external stress of a low-shear modeled microgravity environment. A comparison of the microgravity ,response to other environmental stress response (ESR) genes showed that 26% of the genes that respond ,significantly to LSMMG are involved in a general environmental stress response while 74% of the genes may ,represent a unique transcriptional response to microgravity. In addition we found changes in genes involved in ,budding cell polarity establishment and cell separation that confirm our hypothesis that exposure to LSMMG ,causes changes in gene transcription resulting in a phenotypic response. The results of the study provide interesting ,clues to potential mechanisms involved in the response to adaptation to and survival of eukaryotic cells in a ,microgravity environment and our findings may have important health implications for human spaceflight. Experiment Overall Design: Four conditions are compared with three replicates each: yeast grown in low-shear modeled microgravity (HARV bioreactor) for 5 and 25 generations; yeast grown in a horizontal (non-LSMMG) HARV bioreactor for 5 and 25 generations.

The goal of this study was to assess whether low shear-modeled microgravity (LSMMG) effects yeast ,genomic expression patterns using the powerful tool of whole genome microarray hybridization. We determined ,changes in the yeast model organism Saccharomyces cerevisisae when grown in LSMMG using the rotating High ,Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV). A significant number of genes were up- or down-regulated by at least two fold in cells ,that were grown for 5 generations or 25 generations in HARVs. We identified genes in cell wall integrity signaling ,pathways containing MAP kinase cascades that may provide clues to novel physiological responses of eukaryotic ,cells to the external stress of a low-shear modeled microgravity environment. A comparison of the microgravity ,response to other environmental stress response (ESR) genes showed that 26% of the genes that respond ,significantly to LSMMG are involved in a general environmental stress response while 74% of the genes may ,represent a unique transcriptional response to microgravity. In addition we found changes in genes involved in ,budding cell polarity establishment and cell separation that confirm our hypothesis that exposure to LSMMG ,causes changes in gene transcription resulting in a phenotypic response. The results of the study provide interesting ,clues to potential mechanisms involved in the response to adaptation to and survival of eukaryotic cells in a ,microgravity environment and our findings may have important health implications for human spaceflight. Experiment Overall Design: Four conditions are compared with three replicates each: yeast grown in low-shear modeled microgravity (HARV bioreactor) for 5 and 25 generations; yeast grown in a horizontal (non-LSMMG) HARV bioreactor for 5 and 25 generations.

The goal of this study was to assess whether low shear-modeled microgravity (LSMMG) affects yeast genomic expression patterns using the powerful tool of whole genome microarray hybridization. We determined changes in the yeast model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisisae, when grown in LSMMG using the rotating High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV). A significant number of genes were up- or down-regulated by at least two fold in cells that were grown for 5 generations or 25 generations in HARVs. We identified genes in cell wall integrity signaling pathways containing MAP kinase cascades that may provide clues to novel physiological responses of eukaryotic cells to the external stress of a low-shear modeled microgravity environment. A comparison of the microgravity response to other environmental stress response (ESR) genes showed that 26% of the genes that respond ,significantly to LSMMG are involved in a general environmental stress response, while 74% of the genes may represent a unique transcriptional response to microgravity. In addition, we found changes in genes involved in budding, cell polarity establishment, and cell separation that confirm our hypothesis that exposure to LSMMG causes changes in gene transcription resulting in a phenotypic response. The results of the study provide interesting clues to potential mechanisms involved in the response to, adaptation to, and survival of eukaryotic cells in a microgravity environment and our findings may have important health implications for human spaceflight. Experiment Overall Design: Four conditions are compared with three replicates each: yeast grown in low-shear modeled microgravity (HARV bioreactor) for 5 and 25 generations; yeast grown in a horizontal (non-LSMMG) HARV bioreactor for 5 and 25 generations.

Data generated to test nitrification inhibition of chromium. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kapoor, V., M. Elk, X. Li, C. Impellitteri , and J. Santodomingo. Effects of Cr(III) and CR(VI) on nitrification inhibition as determined by SOUR, function-specific gene expression and 16S rRNA sequence analysis of wastewater nitrifying enrichments. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 147: 361-367, (2016).

Data generated to test nitrification inhibition of chromium. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kapoor, V., M. Elk, X. Li, C. Impellitteri , and J. Santodomingo. Effects of Cr(III) and CR(VI) on nitrification inhibition as determined by SOUR, function-specific gene expression and 16S rRNA sequence analysis of wastewater nitrifying enrichments. CHEMOSPHERE. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, USA, 147: 361-367, (2016).

The goal of this study is to determine if there is an association between aerosolized particulate matter (PM) density, wind speed, temperature, humidity, soil-specific parameters, or other site-specific conditions and Coccidioides detection to better understand fungal spore dispersal within the San Joaquin Valley, CA. Soil and filter samples were concurrently collected using an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) equipped with bioaerosol samplers flown synchronously at multiple heights. Samples were assessed for the presence of Coccidioides spores per the cocciENV assay (Bowers et al, 2019). Collection sites included Bakersfield, CA and surrounding Kern County (39 total), with 767 samples collected using an interrupted radial transect design.

These investigations studied the fundamentals of how plants perceive gravity and develop in microgravity. It informs how gene regulation is altered by spaceflight conditions.

The aim of this work is to determine whether mycobacteria have enhanced virulence during space travel and what mechanisms they use to adapt to microgravity. M. marinum and LHM4 were grown in high aspect ratio vessels (HARV) in a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) under normal gravity (NG) or low shear simulated microgravity (MG). To determine the effect of MG on the stress responses activated by the growth conditions we used RNAseq to examine what genes were expressed. For RNAseq the bacteria are harvested RNA isolated and converted DNA (cDNA) and the cDNA sequenced. Using bioinformatics the amount of expression of the different M. marinum genes were compared between the NG and MG samples. To make sure that we were examining only gene expression changes due to MG only bacteria in early exponential growth were used in the RNAseq studies. Triplicate NG and MG cultures were used to generate samples of bacteria grown for ~40 hrs. We also grew triplicate cultures for 4 days and then diluted them again and grew them for another ~40 hrs so we could examine gene expression from bacteria exposed for a longer time. In summary this study determined that waterborne mycobacteria alter their growth expression of stress responses and their sensitivity to oxidizing conditions when subjected to growth under MG.