Geochemical and isotopic compositions were determined in stream sediment and parent rocks collected in April 2017 and June 2017 and in nearshore sediment collected bimonthly in sediment traps from May 2017 to June 2018 in the coastal zone and 12 drainages of southwest Puerto Rico: Rio Loco, Yauco, Guayanilla, Macana, Tallaboa, Matilde, Portugues, Bucana, Inabon, Jacaquas, Descalabrado, and Coamo. Geochemical compositional data include: a) total contents of major, minor, trace, and rare earth elements in the <0.063 mm-diameter fraction of terrestrial (n=53) and nearshore sediment (n=63) and powdered rocks (n=19) analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS); b) major oxide contents of stream sediment (n=46) and rocks (n=19) determined by wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD-XRF); and c) total organic carbon and carbonate contents of stream (n=48) and nearshore (n=64) sediment determined coulometrically. Isotopic compositional data include: 1) strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry in the <0.063 mm-diameter fraction of select stream (n=50) and nearshore (n=40) sediment, and in all rocks; and 2) activities of the short-lived cosmogenic nuclides beryllium-7, cesium-137, and excess (unsupported) lead-210 determined by gamma spectrometry on bulk nearshore sediment (n=44). The percentage by weight of the <0.063 mm-diameter sediment fraction (percent fines), the median grain size, and the silt to clay ratio are reported for stream (n=48) and nearshore (n=64) sediments. These data accompany Takesue, R.K., Sherman, C., Ramirez, N.I., Reyes, A.O., Cheriton, O.M., Rios, R.V., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2021, Land-based sediment sources and transport to southwest Puerto Rico coral reefs after Hurricane Maria, May 2017 to June 2018: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 59, p. 107476, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107476.

Elemental chemistry and weight percent of the less than 0.063 mm fine sediment fraction are reported for surface sediments from shoals, the ebb tide delta, local tributaries, and inland rivers that carry sediment to San Francisco Bay, California.

In response to Executive Order 13817 of December 20, 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) coordinated with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to identify 35 nonfuel minerals or mineral materials considered critical to the economic and national security of the United States (U.S.) (https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1021/ofr20181021.pdf). Acquiring information on possible domestic sources of these critical minerals is the rationale for the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI). The program, which partners the USGS with State Geological Surveys, Federal agencies, and the private sector, aims to collect new geological, geophysical, and topographic (lidar) data in key areas of the U.S. to stimulate mineral exploration and production of critical minerals. Phase 1 - rare earth elements (REE) - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191023A. Phase 2 - aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum group elements (PGE), rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191023B. Phase 3 (this report) - antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadium, and zirconium - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191023D. The USGS has identified broad areas within the United States to target acquisition of geologic mapping, geophysical data, and (or) detailed topographic information to aid research, mineral exploration, and evaluation of mineral potential in these areas. Focus areas were defined using existing geologic data including data on known deposits in the United States. The focus areas are provided as geospatial data supported by tables that summarize what is known about the mineral potential and brief descriptions of data gaps that could be addressed by the Earth MRI program. A full discussion of Earth MRI and the rationale and methods used to develop the geospatial data are provided in the following report: Hammarstrom, J.M., and others (in review)

In response to Executive Order 13817 of December 20, 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) coordinated with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to identify 35 nonfuel minerals or mineral materials considered critical to the economic and national security of the United States (U.S.) (https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1021/ofr20181021.pdf). Acquiring information on possible domestic sources of these critical minerals is the rationale for the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI). The program, which partners the USGS with State Geological Surveys, Federal agencies, and the private sector, aims to collect new geological, geophysical, and topographic (lidar) data in key areas of the U.S. to stimulate mineral exploration and production of critical minerals. Phase 1 - rare earth elements (REE) - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191023A. Phase 2 - aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum group elements (PGE), rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191023B. Phase 3 (this report) - antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadium, and zirconium - https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20191023D. The USGS has identified broad areas within the United States to target acquisition of geologic mapping, geophysical data, and (or) detailed topographic information to aid research, mineral exploration, and evaluation of mineral potential in these areas. Focus areas were defined using existing geologic data including data on known deposits in the United States. The focus areas are provided as geospatial data supported by tables that summarize what is known about the mineral potential and brief descriptions of data gaps that could be addressed by the Earth MRI program. A full discussion of Earth MRI and the rationale and methods used to develop the geospatial data are provided in the following report: Hammarstrom, J.M., and others (in review)

This time series dataset includes weekly and bi-weekly discrete seawater samples of pH and total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, phosphates and profile measurements of temperature and salinity from 2009 to 2019. These are used to track the dynamics and controls on local carbon chemistry at the southwest part of Puerto Rico in support of the ocean acidification and water quality research in regional coastal and near-shore zones. Some of these environmental parameters have been monitored since 2009 when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Health and Monitoring Program established the Atlantic Ocean Acidification Test-Bed (AOAT) at the Marine Reserve of La Parguera, Puerto Rico. As a key part of this project, a moored autonomous pCO_2 system (MAPCO2) was deployed along the fore-reef of Enrique shelf reef and a discrete sampling at the Marine Reserve for data validation and calibration commenced. This monitoring effort supports the requirements of the recent implementation of La Parguera as a Class III climate and ecosystem monitoring station through the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) in support of the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) and the Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).

These data provide estimates of sediment accumulation at a number dirt road stabilization projects where Best Management Practices (i.e. sediment retention ponds, check dams, and crossdrains) were implemented to reduce terrigenous runoff and other land-based sources of pollution impacts to the nearshore marine habitats on Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. BMPs were strategically set up in priority watersheds to slow and divert runoff, prevent road scouring, and capture sediments to promote infiltration and reduce total pollutant loads. Data presented herein include the total sediment volume removed from the installed BMPs per road sediment, representing the total sediment volume accumulated and retained in-situ.

This record provides sediment trap monitoring data collected periodically between 30 August 2023 and 6 February 2024 at 13 nearshore monitoring stations on the island of Culebra, Puerto Rico, as part of Culebra's Ridge-to-Reef Monitoring and Evaluation Framework to assess the effectiveness of the NOAA strategies and actions in priority watersheds to reduce land-based sources of pollution (LBSP) impacts to the nearshore marine ecosystems of the island. Monitoring stations were co-located with nearshore water quality monitoring sites and long-term seagrass monitoring transects. Monitoring stations were selected to identify watershed discharge points, coastal hydrodynamics, as well as the existing level of LBSP exposure and anticipated changes to LBSP exposure due to management actions. Nearshore monitoring stations were designated based on their land based sources of pollution management implementation status (LBSP Treatment Group), as follows: 1) LBSP Restoration stations: Located downstream where land-based pollutant management has or is being implemented. 2) LBSP Control stations: Represent a range of land-based pollutant impairments, including sites with no LBSP management, no known direct discharge of LBSP but are representative of the range of external factors that may be encountered at the LBSP Restoration stations. 3) Negative Reference stations of know significant -anecdotal and quantified- LBSP impairment. 4) Positive Reference stations of low LBSP impairment.

Powder x-ray diffraction data (XRD) for samples are provided in this portion of the data release. Ferromanganese crusts, nodules, coated cobbles, and push core sediments were collected via ROV from seamounts off the coast of Hawaii and within the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (PMNM) in the Pacific Ocean during E/V Nautilus expeditions NA134 and NA138 in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Samples were sent to USGS for subsampling and x-ray diffraction analyses. Location information for the samples is included in each Attribute Definition of this metadata file, as well as in the geochemical data table (Hawaii_Seamounts_marine_minerals_geochemistry_data.csv) of this multi-table data release.