The ability of formalin, PEROX-AID® (hydrogen peroxide), and seawater to kill waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae was evaluated in vitro. Newly emerged waterborne cercariae survived for extended periods in freshwater, with 50-74% survival occurring in negative control groups after 24 hr. Exposure to dilutions of formalin reduced this survival time, with 0% of cercariae surviving after 30 min. in 167 ppm, 40 min. in 83 ppm, and 180 min. in 42ppm. Exposure to PEROX-AID® (hydrogen peroxide) for one hour resulted in reduced cercariae survival (16.4%) only at the highest concentration (100 ppm), compared to 100% survival in the untreated controls and all lesser concentrations. Dilutions of seawater resulted in reduced cercariae survival only at high salinities (15.2 – 30.3 ‰), where 10 min. exposures resulted in 0 – 16% survival. These results provide insights into prophylactic water treatment options for salmonid enhancement facilities that experience high mortalities due to infections with Nanophyetus salmincola. Further, the intolerance of cercariae to high salinities indicates that exposures of fish to infectious waterborne cercariae occur primarily in the freshwater portions of watersheds.

This data set is associated with an administrative report submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). The project goal was to determine the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the microflora of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). There are few aquaculture drugs approved for use in RAS and the CVM will evaluate findings from the study to determine if hydrogen peroxide would be safe to use in RAS.

This data set is associated with an administrative report submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). The project goal was to determine the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the microflora of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). There are few aquaculture drugs approved for use in RAS and the CVM will evaluate findings from the study to determine if hydrogen peroxide would be safe to use in RAS.

This dataset includes laboratory data collected to determine the effects of hydrogen peroxide on nitrification processes in biofilters of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Data from the laboratory studies were used to inform methods used to conduct field trials in pilot- and commercial-scale RAS. Biofilter nitrification was monitored by measuring the levels of total ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen in experimental aquaria containing a small biofilter before and after hydrogen peroxide was applied to the test system. There are 4 excel workbooks associated with this data set: RASHP Range finding Trial.csv, RASHP Definitive Trial.csv, Hydrogen Peroxide Lab Studies.csv, and DO after HP addition.csv

Dataset consists of water and freshwater mussel concentrations of two pharmaceuticals, sertraline and acetaminophen, collected from a 14-day accumulation and 7-day elimination study. Samples (4 replicates) were collected at 0, 4, 12, 48, 96, 168, and 336 hours during the uptake phase of the exposure. Samples (4 replicates) were collected at time point 348, 360, 408, and 504 hours during the elimination phase of the exposure. Note the time points are sequential with the uptake portion of the study followed by the elimination portion of the study.

Dataset consists of water and freshwater mussel concentrations of two pharmaceuticals, sertraline and acetaminophen, collected from a 14-day accumulation and 7-day elimination study. Samples (4 replicates) were collected at 0, 4, 12, 48, 96, 168, and 336 hours during the uptake phase of the exposure. Samples (4 replicates) were collected at time point 348, 360, 408, and 504 hours during the elimination phase of the exposure. Note the time points are sequential with the uptake portion of the study followed by the elimination portion of the study.

The responses (survival, growth, and/or reproduction) of test organisms in six concentrations of toxicants in several test waters with different water quality characteristics. In addition to the individual biological data, chemical, and water quality measurements from each toxicity test are also reported. Test organisms include unionid mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Villosa iris), a midge (Chironomus dilutus), fish (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas), 2 amphibians (Hyla versicolor, Lithobates sylvaticus), and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca).

The responses (survival, growth, and/or reproduction) of test organisms in six concentrations of toxicants in several test waters with different water quality characteristics. In addition to the individual biological data, chemical, and water quality measurements from each toxicity test are also reported. Test organisms include unionid mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Villosa iris), a midge (Chironomus dilutus), fish (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas), 2 amphibians (Hyla versicolor, Lithobates sylvaticus), and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca).

The environmental fate, persistence, and point-source discharge of traditional molluscicidal compounds led to the development of an alternative biomolluscicide, Zequanox. Previous studies evaluated the efficacy and non-target animal safety of Zequanox in laboratory, mesocosm, and field enclosure studies. One study indicated sensitivity of salmonid species and lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque 1817) following exposure to Zequanox, however, the exposures were not conducted in a manner consistent with the product label. This laboratory study evaluated sublethal and lethal impacts of Zequanox on lake sturgeon and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) following exposures that were conducted consistent with a Zequanox open-water label application. Fish were exposed to 50 and 100 mg Zequanox active ingredient/L for 8 h and then held for an additional 33-d for post-exposure observation. No acute mortality was observed in either species, however, significant latent mortality (46.2%) was observed in lake trout that were exposed to 100 mg of Zequanox active ingredient/L for 8 h. At the termination of the 33d holding period, biologically minimal, yet statistically significant, differences were observed in the terminal weight of surviving lake sturgeon (range 20.17 to 21.49 g) and biologically, as well as, statistically significant differences were observed in the terminal weight of surviving lake trout (range 6.19 to 9.55 g). Histological evaluation of lake trout gastrointestinal tracts suggest that a different mode of action is responsible for the Zequanox exposure-related impacts to lake trout than the mode of action that induces zebra and quagga mussel mortality. Further research is required to determine if Zequanox sensitivity is limited to lake trout or if all salmonid species are vulnerable to exposure and to determine if native fish will avoid Zequanox exposure.

The environmental fate, persistence, and point-source discharge of traditional molluscicidal compounds led to the development of an alternative biomolluscicide, Zequanox. Previous studies evaluated the efficacy and non-target animal safety of Zequanox in laboratory, mesocosm, and field enclosure studies. One study indicated sensitivity of salmonid species and lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque 1817) following exposure to Zequanox, however, the exposures were not conducted in a manner consistent with the product label. This laboratory study evaluated sublethal and lethal impacts of Zequanox on lake sturgeon and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush Walbaum in Artedi, 1792) following exposures that were conducted consistent with a Zequanox open-water label application. Fish were exposed to 50 and 100 mg Zequanox active ingredient/L for 8 h and then held for an additional 33-d for post-exposure observation. No acute mortality was observed in either species, however, significant latent mortality (46.2%) was observed in lake trout that were exposed to 100 mg of Zequanox active ingredient/L for 8 h. At the termination of the 33d holding period, biologically minimal, yet statistically significant, differences were observed in the terminal weight of surviving lake sturgeon (range 20.17 to 21.49 g) and biologically, as well as, statistically significant differences were observed in the terminal weight of surviving lake trout (range 6.19 to 9.55 g). Histological evaluation of lake trout gastrointestinal tracts suggest that a different mode of action is responsible for the Zequanox exposure-related impacts to lake trout than the mode of action that induces zebra and quagga mussel mortality. Further research is required to determine if Zequanox sensitivity is limited to lake trout or if all salmonid species are vulnerable to exposure and to determine if native fish will avoid Zequanox exposure.