This dataset consists of the GLODAPv2.2023 data product composed of data from 1108 scientific cruises covering the global ocean between 1972 and 2021. It includes full depth discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), pH, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4), SF6, and various isotopes and organic compounds. It was created by appending data from 23 cruises to GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022, NCEI Accession 0257247). The data for salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6 were subjected to primary and secondary quality control. Severe biases in these data have been corrected for, and outliers removed. However, differences in data related to any known or likely time trends or variations have not been corrected for. These data are believed to be accurate to 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 µmol kg-1 in TCO2, 4 µmol kg-1 in TAlk, and for the halogenated transient tracers and SF6: 5%.

This dataset consists of the GLODAPv2.2020 data product composed of data from 946 scientific cruises covering the global ocean between 1972 and 2019. It includes full depth discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), pH, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4), various isotopes and organic compounds. It was created by appending data from 106 cruises to GLODAPv2.2019 (Olsen et al., 2019, NCEI Accession 0186803). The data for salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4 were subjected to primary and secondary quality control. Severe biases in these data have been corrected for, and outliers removed. However, differences in data related to any known or likely time trends or variations have not been corrected for. These data are believed to be accurate to 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 µmol kg-1 in TCO2, 4 µmol kg-1 in TAlk, and for the halogenated transient tracers: 5%.

This dataset consists of the GLODAPv2.2021 data product composed of data from 989 scientific cruises covering the global ocean between 1972 and 2020. It includes full depth discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), pH, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4), various isotopes and organic compounds. It was created by appending data from 43 cruises to GLODAPv2.2020 (Olsen et al., 2020, NCEI Accession 0210813). The data for salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4 were subjected to primary and secondary quality control. Severe biases in these data have been corrected for, and outliers removed. However, differences in data related to any known or likely time trends or variations have not been corrected for. These data are believed to be accurate to 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 µmol kg-1 in TCO2, 4 µmol kg-1 in TAlk, and for the halogenated transient tracers: 5%.

This dataset consists of the GLODAPv2.2022 data product composed of data from 1085 scientific cruises covering the global ocean between 1972 and 2021. It includes full depth discrete bottle measurements of salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), pH, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4), SF6, and various isotopes and organic compounds. It was created by appending data from 96 cruises to GLODAPv2.2021 (Lauvset et al., 2021, NCEI Accession 0237935). The data for salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, TAlk, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6 were subjected to primary and secondary quality control. Severe biases in these data have been corrected for, and outliers removed. However, differences in data related to any known or likely time trends or variations have not been corrected for. These data are believed to be accurate to 0.005 in salinity, 1% in oxygen, 2% in nitrate, 2% in silicate, 2% in phosphate, 4 µmol kg-1 in TCO2, 4 µmol kg-1 in TAlk, and for the halogenated transient tracers and SF6: 5%.

This dataset includes carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity, and other variables collected via surface underway survey from Volunteer Observing Ship S. A. AGULHAS in the South Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Oceans (> 60 degrees South) from 2008-09-04 to 2010-05-20, on the GOUGH, MARION, and SANAE Expeditions. This cruise was divided into 6 legs 1: Cape Town - SANAE; 2: Operations around SANAE; 3: SANAE - South Georgia; 4: South Georgia - SANAE 5: Operations around SANAE; 6: SANAE - Cape Town.

The ocean is a sink for ~25% of the atmospheric CO2 emitted by human activities, an amount in excess of 2 petagrams of carbon per year (PgC yr−1). Time-resolved estimates of global ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux provide an important constraint on the global carbon budget. However, previous estimates of this flux, derived from surface ocean CO2 concentrations, have not corrected the data for temperature gradients between the surface and sampling at a few meters depth, or for the effect of the cool ocean surface skin. Here we calculate a time history of ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes from 1992 to 2018, corrected for these effects. These increase the calculated net flux into the oceans significantly.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from M/S New Century 2 in the North Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean from 2017-01-03 to 2018-01-06. These data include absolute humidity, air temperature, air-sea difference - partial pressure of carbon dioxide, barometric pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water, relative humidity, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and wind direction and speed. The instruments used to collect these data include barometric pressure sensor, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous CO2 measurement and thermosalinographs. These data were collected by Shin-ichiro Nakaoka of National Institute for Environmental Studies as part of the SOOP New Century-2 2017 lines data.

This dataset includes surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from M/S New Century 2 in the North Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean from 2016-01-03 to 2016-11-03. These data include absolute humidity, air temperature, air-sea difference - partial pressure of carbon dioxide, barometric pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water, relative humidity, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and wind direction and speed. The instruments used to collect these data include barometric pressure sensor, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement and thermosalinographs. These data were collected by Shin-ichiro Nakaoka of National Institute for Environmental Studies as part of the SOOP New Century-2 2016 lines data.

This dataset includes surface chemical, meteorological, physical time series data collected from mooring CB-06_125W_43N in the North Pacific Ocean from 2017-06-10 to 2021-11-22. These data include air-sea difference - partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), barometric pressure, oxygen, pCO2 - atmosphere, pCO2 - water, salinity, sea surface temperature, oxygen, pH on total scale, total chlorophyll, nephelometric turbidity unit and salinity-compensated dissolved oxygen. The Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2®) instruments used to collect these data include Bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Humidity Sensor, and oxygen meter. The Global CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project involves international groups from 18 countries who have mounted sensors on moored buoys to provide high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project is coordinated by UNESCO International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP).