This data layer depicts the relative susceptibility of poultry to the transmission of Avian Influenza from wild birds based upon poultry type and density for the contiguous United States.

This data layer depicts the relative susceptibility of poultry to the transmission of Avian Influenza from wild birds based upon poultry type and density for the contiguous United States.

,Tabulated individual data points for data reported in the associated publication: Spackman E, Suarez DL, Lee CW, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Lee SA, Youk S, Ibrahim S. Efficacy of inactivated and RNA particle vaccines against a North American Clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in chickens. Vaccine. 2023 Nov 30;41(49):7369-7376. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.070. Epub 2023 Nov 4. PMID: 37932132.,The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) isolate A/turkey/Indiana/22-003707-003/2022 H5N1 (TK/IN/22) and A/Gyrfalcon/Washington/41088/2014 H5N8 (GF/WA/14) isolate were each propagated and titrated in embryonating specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs using standard procedures and titers were determined using the Reed-Muench method.,An in-house vaccine was produced by de novo synthesizing the HA gene of TK/IN/22 that was modified to be low pathogenic (LP) and placing it in a PR8 backbone using rg methods as described . The vaccine (SEP-22-N9) contained 6 genes from PR8 and a de novo synthesized N9 NA from A/blue winged teal/Wyoming/AH0099021/2016 (H7N9). The rg virus was inactivated by treatment with 0.1% beta-propiolactone. Vaccines were produced with Montanide ISA 71 VG (Seppic Inc., Fairfield, NJ) adjuvant at ambient temperature in a L5M-A high shear mixer (Silverson Machines, Inc., East Longmeadow, MA) for 30sec at 1,000rpm, then for 3min at 4,000rpm using an emulsifying screen in accordance with the adjuvant manufacturer’s instructions.,Sham vaccine was prepared in-house using sterile phosphate buffered saline as described above.,Commercial vaccines were supplied by the manufacturers. The commercial inactivated vaccine (1057.R1 serial 590088) (rgH5N1) (Zoetis Inc., Parsippany, NJ) was produced with the GF/WA/14 (clade 2.3.4.4c HA gene) and the remaining 7 gene segments including the NA from PR8 (1). The Sequivity vaccine (serial V040122NCF) (RP) (Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ) is an updated version of their replication restricted alphavirus vector vaccine that expresses the TK/IN/22 H5 HA (modified to be low pathogenic LP).,Three-week-old, mixed sex, SPF white leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were obtained from in-house flocks and were randomly assigned to vaccine groups.,All vaccines were administered by the subcutaneous route at the nape of the neck. Commercial vaccines were given at the volumes instructed by the manufacturer (0.5ml each). In-house vaccine was given at a dose of 512 hemagglutination units per bird in 0.5ml. Three weeks post vaccination chickens were challenged with 6.7 log10 50% egg infectious doses (EID50) of TK/IN/22 in 0.1ml by the intrachoanal route.,Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs were collected from all birds at 2-, 4-, and 7-days post challenge (DPC). Swabs were also collected from dead and euthanized sham vaccinates at 1DPC.,To evaluate antibody-based DIVA-VI tests, blood for serum was collected from the RP and SEP-22-N9 vaccinated groups at 7, 10 and 14DPC because the SEP-22-N9 vaccine does not elicit antibodies to N1 and the RP vaccine does not elicit antibodies to the N1 or NP proteins.,Mortality and morbidity were recorded for 14DPC after which time the remaining birds were euthanized. If birds were severely lethargic or had neurological signs they were euthanized and were counted as mortality at the next observation time for mean death time calculations.,To determine if there was a difference in antibody levels based on the order of vaccination with the RP vaccine and an inactivated vaccine, groups of 20 chickens (hatch-mates of the chickens in the challenge study) were given one dose of each vaccine three weeks apart (Supplementary Table 1). The first dose was administered at three weeks of age using the RP or SEP-22-N9 vaccine as described above. Then a second dose of either the same vaccine or the other vaccine was administered three weeks later (six weeks of age). All birds were bled for serum three weeks after the second vaccination (nine

This data set describes genomic sequence information from 2022 used to infer spatiotemporal trends pertaining to the introductions of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses into Alaska and spread among wild birds, backyard poultry, and mammals.

This data set describes genomic sequence information from 2022 used to infer spatiotemporal trends pertaining to the introductions of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses into Alaska and spread among wild birds, backyard poultry, and mammals.

This data release details the results of avian influenza sampling of dabbling ducks in Maine and Maryland. These data support an associated USGS publication.

This data release details the results of avian influenza sampling of dabbling ducks in Maine and Maryland. These data support an associated USGS publication.

Dataset containing avian influenza screening results for waterfowl and gulls sampled during autumn in (or near) Izembek National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Alaska, 2011-2024. These data contain information on species, age, and sex of birds sampled, collection dates, and laboratory testing information used to determine the presence and absence of influenza A viruses (IAVs).

Data set containing avian influenza sampling information for late summer and early autumn waterfowl and gulls within and around the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Alaska, 2011-2016. Data contains species, age, sex, collection data and location of sampled migratory birds. Laboratory specific data used to identify presence and absence of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from collected samples are included.

This data release contains model outputs depicting the probability of an H5 or H7 avian influenza outbreak at any given point in the continental United States for each week of the year.