This streamgage boundary layers dataset consists of 512 USGS streamgage point locations and polygons delineated to show their drainage areas. The drainage areas were delineated from the streamgage points functioning as pour points, in addition to the Flow Accumulation Raster for Maine StreamStats and Flow Direction Raster for Maine StreamStats in from this data release.

This streamgage boundary layers dataset consists of 512 USGS streamgage point locations and polygons delineated to show their drainage areas. The drainage areas were delineated from the streamgage points functioning as pour points, in addition to the Flow Accumulation Raster for Maine StreamStats and Flow Direction Raster for Maine StreamStats in from this data release.

The U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (UMass Amherst), in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP), began a series of studies in 2019 to develop a web-based statewide hydraulic modeling tool to provide preliminary culvert designs to support stream crossing replacement projects in Massachusetts. This Web Map Service (WMS) has been developed to query data from the hydraulic models at select stream crossing locations using the StreamStats web application for Massachusetts. The WMS contains stream crossing point locations with hydrology and hydraulic data tables and associated watershed polygons. These stream crossing locations were derived from the North Atlantic Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative data center (NAACC Data Center). Preliminary culvert designs for three-sided box, conspan arch, and a pipe culvert have been modeled using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer’s Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software with cross-sectional and channel geometry data derived from high-resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) Digital Elevation Models (DEM). The WMS layer provides the ability to generate reports in the StreamStats web application for Massachusetts at the stream crossing locations for site location information, preliminary culvert designs, flood flows, bankfull channel geometry, aquatic habitat and stream connectivity restoration potential, basin characteristics, and other select information.

This data release contains links to two child items containing hydrology and hydraulic modeling data and supplemental geospatial data for selected stream crossing sites in the Squannacook River Basin in north-central Massachusetts. The child item named “Hydraulic model data for selected stream crossing sites in the Squannacook River Basin, North-Central Massachusetts” contains U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydraulic model files along with field survey data associated with each stream crossing location. This data release also includes a data dictionary defining culvert designs, site locations, modeled flows and water surface elevations, and aquatic habitat and stream connectivity restoration potential. The chile item named “Spatial Data Layers for Selected Stream Crossing Sites in the Squannacook River Basin, North-Central Massachusetts” contains geospatial data files of stream cross sections, stream centerlines, stream bank lines, and stream crossing location points used as input for hydraulic models. Additionally, these preliminary culvert designs and associated selected data are hosted on the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats web application (https://streamstats.usgs.gov/ss/) for Massachusetts.

This dataset consists of the raster and vector data used to generate elevation-derived hydrography for the 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 010700061301 area named the Upper Shawsheen River in Massachusetts. The data release contents are: fdr_010700061301.zip: Contains a GeoTIFF raster used to indicate the predicted direction of flow based on the direction of steepest drop. fac_010700061301.zip: Contains a GeoTIFF raster used to show the number of upstream cells flowing into each one-meter cell. Hydrolines_010700061301.zip: Contains data files for an ESRI polyline shapefile used to enforce drainage in lidar DEM data. Stream_Network_010700061301.zip: Contains data files for an ESRI polyline shapefile representing stream network centerlines derived from lidar DEM data." Sub_Basins_010700061301.zip: Contains data files for an ESRI polygon shapefile representing watershed areas for all stream network centerlines.

The datasets are streamflow characteristics computed from the 1 million ensembles of the Stochastic Watershed Model for each warming scenario of 0 to 8 degrees Celsius in 0.5-degree intervals for the Squannacook River at West Groton, Massachusetts streamgage location. Each value in the files represents a streamflow characteristic computed from an ensemble that covers a period of 64 years of daily streamflows computed by the Stochastic Watershed Model. The Stochastic Watershed Model was developed at Tufts University (Shabestanipour and others, 2022). The streamflow characteristics include the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence interval of the annual maximum daily streamflow and the 7-day low flow with a 2- and 10-year recurrence interval. There is one file for each streamflow characteristic. Shabestanipour, G., Broudeur, Z., Farmer, W., Steinschneider, S., Vogel, R., and Lamontagne, J., 2022, Stochastic watershed model ensembles for long-range planning—Verification and validation: Water Resources Research, v. 59, no. 2, 20 p., accessed January 3, 2024 at https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032201.

This dataset describes the location and characteristics of stream channel heads of three headwater watersheds in Clarksburg, Montgomery County, Maryland.

The U.S. Geological Survey’s StreamStats program is a publicly-accessible web application (https://streamstats.usgs.gov) that can be used to delineate drainage areas, compute basin characteristics, and estimate flow statistics for user-selected locations on streams. StreamStats services are typically implemented at the statewide or watershed scale (referred to as state or basin applications), and although the three core functionalities remain consistent, many states have implemented custom tools to address specific water-resources planning and management needs. In Massachusetts, a watershed-scale application for the Mystic River Basin was developed to support stakeholder efforts to address stormwater challenges in this highly urbanized basin. The Mystic River Basin stormwater functionality was developed by incorporating 1-meter resolution lidar-derived elevation data and municipal storm drain data to accurately represent urban topography and stormwater flow (that is, subsurface piped flow). In the Mystic River Basin application, users can view the network of stormwater pipes and inlets, delineate drainage areas derived from lidar topography and stormwater infrastructure, and compute land-use/land-cover basin characteristics. This data release contains the 1-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM; dem.tif) and two datasets derived from the DEM that support on-the-fly watershed delineation in the StreamStats web application. The flow direction raster (fdr.tif) is a raster dataset that indicates the direction of flow out of each cell; if the cell contains a stormwater inlet, it is represented as a sink in the flow direction raster. The catchment raster (cat.tif) represents the drainage areas to stormwater inlets and to surface-water flowpaths within the basin. The flow direction and catchment rasters are used in conjunction with the stormwater network to determine the drainage area to a point of interest selected by the user in StreamStats. This point must lie on the stormwater network, at either an inlet, on a pipe, or on a surface-water flowpath. The delineation produced in StreamStats is the accumulation of all catchments draining to the point of interest. To describe the processing steps used to produce the DEM, fdr, and cat rasters published in this data release, the overall approach to developing the Mystic River Basin stormwater functionality is given in the associated metadata. Please note that the stormwater network, comprised of stormwater inlets, pipes, culverts, and surface flow, produced for this study is not available for publication due to sensitivity concerns. Inquiries about these data may be made to the point of contact provided in the metadata.

The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) High Resolution flowlines were used as a base to provide additional information on the connectivity of the stream network for the hydrographic basins in and around Montana. In addition to the attributes that are published as part of the NHD data, two fields were added to the attribute table to associate streams that do not have a Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) name with the GNIS name and NHD reachcode of the nearest downstream named flowline. The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a feature-based database that interconnects and uniquely identifies the stream segments or reaches that make up the nation's surface water drainage system. NHD data were originally developed at 1:100,000-scale and exists at that scale for the whole country. This high-resolution NHD, generally developed at 1:24,000/1:12,000 scale, adds detail to the original 1:100,000-scale NHD. Local resolution NHD is being developed where partners and data exist. The NHD contains reach codes for networked features, flow direction, names, and centerline representations for areal water bodies. The NHD also incorporates the National Spatial Data Infrastructure framework criteria established by the Federal Geographic Data Committee. This dataset is NHD Model version 2.2.1. For more information on the NHD High Resolution dataset, see Model Diagram at: http://ftp.geoinfo.msl.mt.gov/Data/Spatial/MSDI/Hydrography.

To examine potential influence of tributaries on riparian habitat complexity along ~216 km of the Colorado River in Utah and ~300km of the Dolores River in Colorado and Utah, we first classified fluvial features and land cover of the bottomland on remotely sensed imagery. We then examined riparian and geomorphic patterns within the near channel zone with variably-sized spatial units. We used supervised image classification to create a 2-m resolution map of the primary land cover types within bottomlands of the Colorado and Dolores rivers, including two anthropogenic classes, four vegetation classes, bare ground, water and shadow. We selected these cover classes as major vegetation and land cover types that could be discerned from imagery. Our minimum mapping unit was 16m2. We were unable to map channel areas with flowing or standing water using supervised image classification, so we hand digitized channels based on a visual inspection of 2-m resolution imagery. We classified 6 channel classes based on their geomorphic characteristics and location within the river network (i.e., tributary vs. primary channel) or relation to the primary channel (e.g., split flow channels and secondary channels) and converted these to a 2-m resolution image (adapted from Moore et al 2012). We then combined land cover and channel classes to produce a single map representing both cover types along the Colorado and Dolores rivers. Our classification was based on 2-m resolution, multi-spectral (RGB NIR) aerial photographs for September 2013 and 2014 from the USDA National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP; http//www.fsa.usda.gov). We identified tributary junctions using the National Hydrography Dataset Plus Version 2 (NHDPlus V2) using the medium resolution (1:100,000 scale) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) (http://nhd.usgs.gov/). To more accurately locate tributary junctions, we extracted flowlines corresponding to tributaries and converted each flowline to a point located at the terminus proximal to the channel centerline. We manually corrected tributary junction point locations with the NAIP images. We defined the near channel zone as within 20 meters of the edge of the Dolores low flow channel and within 100 meters of the edge of the Colorado low flow channel. These distances represented the average widths of the low flow channel for the two rivers. We assumed that habitat conditions closer to the channel would be more strongly influenced by fluvial processes and less strongly influenced by land management (e.g., farming, road development). We created spatial units for analysis within the near channel zone with Thiessen polygons - a polygon containing a point and defining an area closest to the point relative to all other systematically placed points (Fortin and Dale 2005). Beginning at the upstream study site boundary for each river, we placed regularly spaced points at three intervals: 10-, 25-, and 100-m to capture patterns for different sized spatial units around tributary junctions. For each point, we created a Thiessen polygon. Our use of Thiessen polygons as spatial units followed the example of other researchers (Alber and Piegay 2011). This data release includes shapefiles and associated metadata for: land and channel cover types along both rivers; tributary junction locations along both rivers; and the 10-, 25-, and 100-m Thiessen polygons along both rivers. Alber A., and Piégay H., 2011, Spatial disaggregation and aggregation procedures for characterizing fluvial features at the network-scale: application to the Rhône basin (France): Geomorphology, v. 125, p. 343-360. Fortin M.J., and Dale M.T., 2005, Spatial analysis: a guide for ecologists: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 365 p. Moore K., Jones K., Dambacher J., and Stein C., 2012, Aquatic inventories project methods for stream habitat surveys: Corvallis, OR, Conservation and recovery program, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 74 p.