This CTD and bottle profile data set, consisting of 28 casts, was collected in the Bering Sea from NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson (DY1104, 3DY11), 2011-09-22 to 2011-09-27. The cruise was under the NOAA, North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program. Two temperature (T_28 & T_35), 2 salinity (S_41 & S_42) and 2 oxygen (O_65 & CTDOXY_4221) variables were collected and Sigma-T (ST_70) calculated. Two PAR variables are listed in uEin m-2 s-1 and voltages. Raw fluorometer (rFv_971) are in volts and WetStar fluorometer are in micrograms/Liter. Nutrient data are discrete niskin-bottle samples in units of microMol/Liter: Phosphate, Silicate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium (respectively labeled PO4, SiO4, NO3, NO2, NH4). Profiles were processed at NOAA/PMEL EcoFOCI program using SeaBird software and standard techniques. Profile data are averaged to a 1-meter grid, with missing data listed as 1.0E-12 (CTD) and NaN (Nutrients). CTD data contact: Phyllis Stabeno, Peggy Sullivan, Shaun Bell. Data are in CSV. Longitude is in deg_WEST.

This dataset contains discrete bottle-sample data from CTD casts collected for a NOAA, PMEL, EcoFOCI Fall mooring research cruise on board NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson (DY1708). The cruise spanned September 22 - October 7, 2017. CTD data collection occurred September 23 through October 4, 2017. These data are a companion set to CTD profile data from the same cruise (NCEI Accession 0211794, DOI https://doi.org/10.25921/gez4-yh74). CTD and sample locations include a subset of the established 70-meter isobath line stations between PMEL/EcoFOCI moorings M2 (56.87 N,164.05 W) and M8 (62.20 N,174.67 W), the defined "Unimak Box" at Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands, and casts at other mooring stations including NOAA, National Marine Mammal Lab moorings and within the defined Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO-1). See NOAA DBO site for further information on DBO sampling areas, and NOAA EcoFOCI site for information on established CTD lines. Chlorophyll data were processed by NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) using standard techniques. Nutrient data were processed at NOAA, PMEL (C.Mordy) and include nitrate, nitrite, phosphorus, silicate, and ammonium. Nutrient and chlorophyll data contacts: Calvin Mordy, Phyllis Stabeno, Colleet Harpold, Peggy Sullivan, Shaun Bell. Scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC); Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI); University of Washington, Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) participated in the cruise. Data are in CSV format.

This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, and other sea water chemical parameters collected by CTD and Niskin bottles from research vessel Hugh R. Sharp in Mid-Atlantic Bight from 2017-08-25 to 2017-09-03. Discrete measurements of natural radiocarbon of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), DIC concentration, pH, and methane concentration were acquired from Niskin bottles during conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts. The CTD casts were conducted along five MAB transects oriented roughly perpendicular to the shelf break and stretching from the upper slope to about 1,000 m depth. Five CTD stations were occupied on each transect, and samples were collected throughout the water column from the near-surface waters (~2 m depth) to within 5 m of the seafloor, when possible. Approximately 12 samples were collected in the water column at the location of each CTD cast, for a total of 293 successful water samples at the 25 stations. Data are in XLS format and copied in CSV format.

This dataset contains CTD (Conductivity-temperature-depth) profile data collected for a NOAA/EcoFOCI Fall mooring research cruise on board NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson (DY1708). The cruise spanned September 22 - October 7, 2017. CTD data collection spanned September 23 through October 4, 2017. Variables include dual temperature, dual salinity (calculated from conductivity), chlorophyll concentration, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation (%, calculated) and sigma-T (calculated). Station locations include a subset of the established 70-meter isobath line between PMEL/EcoFOCI mooring stations M2 (56.87 N,164.05 W) and M8 (62.20 N,174.67 W), the defined "Unimak Box" at Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands, and casts at mooring stations including some NOAA, National Marine Mammal Lab moorings and within the defined Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) area 1. See NOAA DBO site for further information on DBO sampling areas, and NOAA EcoFOCI site for information on established CTD lines. Data are delivered as 13 columns of comma-separated values (csv) preceded by a 51-line metadata header, a blank line, then a 1-line header defining columns. Data quality assessment included omitting or interpolating obvious outliers and spikes, calibrating from water samples when appropriate, and at times extrapolating values to the surface in the top 5-10 meters due to surface conditions and to the difficulty in obtaining accurate near-surface data values. Missing data are represented as 1.0e+35.

This CTD and Niskin bottles data set, consisting of 71 casts, was collected in the Chukchi Sea from the F/V Aquila (AQ16-01, September 4 - 29, 2016) within the Arctic Long-Term Integrated Mooring Array (ALTIMA) area. The cruise was funded by NOAA’s Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), with supplemental funding from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through the Arctic Whale Ecology Study (ARCWEST). These data add to long-term datasets begun under several BOEM initiatives (see “Purpose”). CTD operations on this cruise were managed by EcoFOCI personnel from NOAA/PMEL. Profile data from CTD instruments were processed at NOAA/PMEL/EcoFOCI using standard techniques. Data from bottle samples include phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium. Profile data are averaged to a 1-meter grid, with missing data listed as NaN. Salinity was calculated (PSS-78), from conductivity and temperature (ITS90). Sigma-t was calculated from primary temperature and salinity. Nutrient samples were analyzed according to the methods of Gordon et al, 1993 and Mantoura, Woodward, 1983 (see references below). Samples were collected in 50 ml high-density polyethylene bottles that were rinsed first with 10% HCl prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Some samples were refrigerated for 3-12 hours prior to analysis, and some frozen for later analysis. CTD data contact: Phyllis Stabeno, Peggy Sullivan, Shaun Bell, Calvin Mordy (nutrients). This cruise was conducted by NOAA/OAR, NMML, AFSC, BOEM, PMEL and EcoFOCI participants. Data are in CSV format. Longitudes are in deg_west.

This CTD and Niskin bottle data set, consisting of 17 casts, was collected in the Chukchi and Bering Seas from the F/V Aquila (cruise AQ15-01, September 8 - 28, 2015). The cruise was funded by DOI Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through the NOAA National Marine Mammal Laboratory. CTD operations on this cruise were managed by EcoFOCI personnel from NOAA/PMEL. Profile data from CTD instruments were processed at NOAA/PMEL/EcoFOCI using standard techniques. Data from bottle samples include phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium. Profile data are averaged to a 1-meter grid, with missing data listed as NaN. Salinity was calculated (PSS-78), from conductivity and temperature (ITS90). Sigma-t was calculated from primary (channel 1) temperature and salinity. Nutrient samples were analyzed according to the methods of Gordon et al, 1993 and Mantoura, Woodward, 1983 (see references in metadata). Samples were collected in 50 ml high-density polyethylene bottles that were rinsed first with 10% HCl prior to each station, and rinsed at least three times with sample before filling. Some samples were refrigerated for 3-12 hours prior to analysis, and some frozen for later analysis. CTD data contact: Phyllis Stabeno, Peggy Sullivan, Shaun Bell, Calvin Mordy (nutrients). Cruise was performed for ARCWEST, CHAOZ-X 2015 Projects by BOEM, NOAA NMML, PMEL and EcoFOCI participants. Data are in CSV format. Longitude is in deg_West.

This dataset contains hydrochemistry (nutrient concentrations (silicate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate), dissolved and particulate organic nutrients, stable isotope tracers, N2= concentration, and others) as well as physical parameters (water temperature, salinity, density, oxygen concentrations, and others) taken by CTD and Niskin bottle samples in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It combines 25 cruises on research vessels L'Atalante, Meteor, Maria S. Merian, and Islandia as part of the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 754 (Climate - Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean). Nitrogen, in the form of nitrate and ammonia, is supposed to be the major limiting factor in these oligotrophic areas. There is an increasing biogeochemical evidence that nitrogen fixation by marine diazotrophs contributes significantly to new production. Experimental, small-volume incubations of near-surface seawater were used to investigate rates and controls of nitrogen fixation by the plankton community. This work included sampling for metagenomic characterization of the microbial community, especially new phylotypes of the nifH gene. CTD measurements were taken at each station. They were equipped with dual temperature-conductivity-oxygen sensors and 24-bottle water sampling rosette with 10 liter Niskin bottles. Water sampling, processing, and calibration followed GO-SHIP recommendations (Swift, 2010; McTaggart et al., 2010; Uchida et al., 2010) and included the recommended steps Data Conversion, Sensor Time-Alignment, Creation of Bottle Files, Outlier Removal, Pressure Sensor Filtering, Conductivity Cell Thermal Mass Correction, Ship Roll Correction and Deck Offset Correction by Loop Editing, and Derivation of Calculated Properties. After these steps conductivity and oxygen readings were calibrated against values determined with salinometry and Winkler titration, respectively. Finally, the downcast data were averaged over 1 dbar wide intervals. In addition to the CTDO measurements basically all CTDO casts included either a Dr. Haardt or a Wetlabs FLNTU fluorometer for CHL-a fluorescence. Several other sensors, such as a Wetlabs CDOM fluorometer and turbidity sensor, a Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer, a Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor manufactured by Biospherical Instruments, or a Seabird/Satlantic Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA) have been attached to the CTDO system on some of the cruises or casts, depending on the availability of the sensors and their depth ratings. SUNA data were processed and calibrated following the procedures outlined in Sakamoto et al. (2009) and Sakamoto et al. (2017). To CHL-a and CDOM fluorescence, turbidity, transmissometer beam attenuation, and PAR data generally only the manufacturer’s calibration was applied in the stored files. Lastly, a purposeful tracer release was conducted on several cruises, where about 100kg of a chemically inert and nontoxic substance (SF5CF3 for short SF5 in the following text) was injected and tracer surveys are planned 6, 18, and 30 months after injection. This method allows very accurate estimations of the mixing, which can be used to improve and calibrate mixing parameterizations in numerical ocean models. A regional survey of the oxygen minimum zone in the vicinity of the tracer release site in an east-west direction was conducted. See pangea_flags.pdf for data flag description. Data are in ASCII format.

This dataset contains water temperature, salinity, oxygen, and other parameters taken by CTD and Niskin bottle samples in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It combines 26 original submissions. Seabird 911plus systems equipped with dual temperature-conductivity-oxygen sensors were employed. All systems had a 24-bottle water sampling rosette with 10 liter Niskin bottles. Water sampling, processing, and calibration followed GO-SHIP recommendations (Swift, 2010; McTaggart et al., 2010; Uchida et al., 2010) and included the recommended steps Data Conversion, Sensor Time-Alignment, Creation of Bottle Files, Outlier Removal, Pressure Sensor Filtering, Conductivity Cell Thermal Mass Correction, Ship Roll Correction and Deck Offset Correction by Loop Editing, and Derivation of Calculated Properties. After these steps conductivity and oxygen readings were calibrated against values determined with salinometry and Winkler titration, respectively. Finally the downcast data was averaged over 1 dbar wide intervals. In addition to the CTDO measurements basically all CTDO casts included either a Dr. Haardt or a Wetlabs FLNTU fluorometer for CHL-a fluorescence. Several other sensors, such as a Wetlabs CDOM fluorometer and turbidity sensor, a Wetlabs C-Star transmissometer, a Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) sensor manufactured by Biospherical Instruments, or a Seabird/Satlantic Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA) have been attached to the CTDO system on some of the cruises or casts, depending on the availability of the sensors and their depth ratings. SUNA data were processed and calibrated following the procedures outlined in Sakamoto et al. (2009) and Sakamoto et al. (2017). To CHL-a and CDOM fluorescence, turbidity, transmissometer beam attenuation, and PAR data generally only the manufacturer’s calibration was applied in the stored files. Data are in ASCII format. Some data are duplicated as NetCDF.

This dataset includes chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from ENDEAVOR in the North Atlantic Ocean from 1991-03-28 to 1991-04-21 and retrieved during cruise CARINA/32EV19910328. These data include CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12), DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, NITRITE, PHOSPHATE, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, SILICATE and WATER TEMPERATURE. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and bottle. These data were collected by Robert S. Pickart of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as part of the CARINA/32EV19910328 dataset. The CARINA (CARbon dioxide IN the Atlantic Ocean) data synthesis project is an international collaborative effort of the EU IP CARBOOCEAN, and U.S. partners. It has produced a merged internally consistent dataset of open ocean subsurface measurements for biogeochemical investigations, in particular, studies involving the carbon system. The original focus area was the North Atlantic Ocean, but over time the geographic extent expanded and CARINA now includes data from the entire Atlantic, the Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean.

CTD profile data (91 casts) were collected in the northern Bering, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas, and Arctic Ocean from the Research Vessel Ocean Starr (OS1901 Legs 1,2,3), August 6 to September 27, 2019. The research cruise was part of the Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Survey (Arctic IES) funded as part of the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (Arctic IERP). The program and research on this expedition were sponsored by NPRB and the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management (BOEM), with in-kind support by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, PMEL and AFSC). These data contribute to understanding how reductions in Arctic sea ice and associated changes in the physical environment influence the flow of energy through the ecosystems of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The physical data are part of a wider range of data collected towards this effort. This year’s survey was notable in that there was no sea ice within the survey region from 72.5N in the Chukchi Sea into the nearshore regions of the Beaufort Sea and south to the Bering Strait. Ice was present in the northern regions of our survey area during surveys that occurred in 2012 and 2013. Additionally, sea surface temperatures were warmer than previous years ranging from 5.3°C (42°F) to 10.9°C (52°F); the coldest sea surface temperatures were found at the offshore Chukchi Slope stations, with the warmest found inshore between Icy Cape and Ledyard Bay. CTD data and water samples were collected by NOAA, PMEL Ecosystems & Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI). Variables include dual temperatures (°C), dual salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence(ugrams/l), Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR, uEin m-2 s-1), oxygen concentration (umol/kg), and calculated values Sigma-T (kg m-3) and oxygen percent saturation (percent) This dataset contains 1-meter-averaged water-column profile data. Profile data from CTD instruments were processed at NOAA/PMEL/EcoFOCI using standard techniques. CTD data contacts: Phyllis Stabeno, Ryan McCabe, Calvin Mordy, Peggy Sullivan, Shaun Bell. Scientists from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), ; Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI); University of Washington, Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES); North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (Arctic IERP); Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management (BOEM) particilated. Data are in NetCDF. Longitudes are in degW.