This data release includes estimated Self-Calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) values and ancillary information for three data products that had previously been developed for the Pacific Northwest Region (HUC 17). The data products are stored in three child items: 1. National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution Flowlines: This child item contains the flowlines in the National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution (NHDPlus_HR, 1946-1999). Files include flowlines within the 12 HUC4 boundaries for the study area (1701-1712). 2. Self-Calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index Values: This child items contains the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index Values for raster pixels that correspond to the Probability of Streamflow Permanence (PROSPER) Model Output Layers for the Pacific Northwest region (version 2.1, 2004-2016) and which also corresponds to the NHD Medium Resolution streamgrid (flow accumulation grid threshold of 100 pixels). 3. Results from the FLOw PERmanence (FLOwPER) Application: This child item contains the flow/no flow field observations (2019-2023) collected using the FLOw PERmanence (FLOwPER) feature mapping application. These observations were not used to train the PROSPER model; observation locations that have not been georeferenced (snapped) to NHDPlus_HR flowlines or NHD Medium Resolution streamgrid.

These data were compiled to evaluate the magnitude and direction of change from historical conditions in climate metrics across the Southwestern Utah Group (SEUG) of National Parks. Objective(s) of our study were to quantify the magnitude and direction of change from historical conditions in climate metrics across SEUG parks at a meaningful scale for land managers and practitioners. These data represent the historical and projected future average temperatures for two emission scenarios and 12 global circulation models. Included are the annual average temperatures and the average temperatures for each season. These data were created by sampling representative locations across each National Park unit and simulating daily variables using the SOILWAT2 ecosystem water-balance model. These data were created by a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey - Southwest Biological Science Center and the National Park Service SEUG to model the historical and projected future climate variables for each national park unit. These data can be used to evaluate future climate conditions in the SEUG National Park units for management actions.

This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes weekly United States Drought Monitor (USDM) data from 2000-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information. These data are used by the CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network to generate drought measures. Learn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding. By using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: 1. Use the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. 2. Do not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. 3. Do not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. 4. Do not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. 5. Acknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. 6. Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. Problems or Questions? Email trackingsupport@cdc.gov.

This dataset provides data at the county level for the contiguous United States. It includes monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) data from 1895-2016 provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina. Please refer to the metadata attachment for more information. Learn more about drought on the Tracking Network's website: https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showDroughtLanding. By using these data, you signify your agreement to comply with the following requirements: 1. Use the data for statistical reporting and analysis only. 2. Do not attempt to learn the identity of any person included in the data and do not combine these data with other data for the purpose of matching records to identify individuals. 3. Do not disclose of or make use of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently and report the discovery to: trackingsupport@cdc.gov. 4. Do not imply or state, either in written or oral form, that interpretations based on the data are those of the original data sources and CDC unless the data user and data source are formally collaborating. 5. Acknowledge, in all reports or presentations based on these data, the original source of the data and CDC. 6. Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Web. Accessed: insert date. www.cdc.gov/ephtracking. Problems or Questions? Email trackingsupport@cdc.gov.

Per California Water Code Section 10609.80 (a), DWR has released an update to the indicators analyzed for the rural communities water shortage vulnerability analysis and a new interactive tool to explore the data. This page remains to archive the original dataset, but for more current information, please see the following pages: - https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/SB-552/SB-552-Tool - https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/water-shortage-vulnerability-technical-methods - https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/i07-water-shortage-vulnerability-sections - https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/i07-water-shortage-social-vulnerability-blockgroup This dataset is made publicly available pursuant to California Water Code Section 10609.42 which directs the California Department of Water Resources to identify small water suppliers and rural communities that may be at risk of drought and water shortage vulnerability and propose to the Governor and Legislature recommendations and information in support of improving the drought preparedness of small water suppliers and rural communities. As of March 2021, two datasets are offered here for download. The background information, results synthesis, methods and all reports submitted to the legislature are available here: https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/2018-Water-Conservation-Legislation/County-Drought-Planning Two online interactive dashboards are available here to explore the datasets and findings. https://dwr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=3353b370f7844f468ca16b8316fa3c7b The following datasets are offered here for download and for those who want to explore the data in tabular format. (1) Small Water Suppliers: In total, 2,419 small water suppliers were examined for their relative risk of drought and water shortage. Of these, 2,244 are community water systems. The remaining 175 systems analyzed are small non-community non-transient water systems that serve schools for which there is available spatial information. This dataset contains the final risk score and individual risk factors for each supplier examined. Spatial boundaries of water suppliers' service areas were used to calculate the extent and severity of each suppliers' exposure to projected climate changes (temperature, wildfire, and sea level rise) and to current environmental conditions and events. The boundaries used to represent service areas are available for download from the California Drinking Water System Area Boundaries, located on the California State Geoportal, which is available online for download at https://gispublic.waterboards.ca.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=fbba842bf134497c9d611ad506ec48cc (2) Rural Communities: In total 4,987 communities, represented by US Census Block Groups, were analyzed for their relative risk of drought and water shortage. Communities with a record of one or more domestic well installed within the past 50 years are included in the analysis. Each community examined received a numeric risk score, which is derived from a set of indicators developed from a stakeholder process. Indicators used to estimate risk represented three key components: (1) the exposure of suppliers and communities to hazardous conditions and events, (2) the physical and social vulnerability of communities to the exposure, and (3) recent history of shortage and drought impacts. The unit of analysis for the rural communities, also referred to as "self-supplied communities" is U.S. Census Block Groups (ACS 2012-2016 Tiger Shapefile). The Census Block Groups do not necessarily represent socially-defined communities, but they do cover areas where population resides. Using this spatial unit for this analysis allows us to access demographic information that is otherwise not available in small geographic units.

This dataset adds attributes describing the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) during the observation year of wet/dry streamflow observations collected in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Streamflow observation locations are linked to the nearest National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution (NHD-HR) stream segment to obtain stream order and stream permanence (perennial/non-perennial) from NHD-HR. Additionally, the PDSI and precipitation percentile for 7.5 minute quadrangle map extents, within the extent of the conterminous United States (https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/map_indices/MapServer), during the map survey year are presented. NHD perennial/non-perennial classifications derive from the topographic maps.

High-frequency observations of surface water at fine spatial scales are critical to effectively manage aquatic habitat, flood risk and water quality. We developed inundation algorithms for Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 across 12 sites within the conterminous United States (CONUS) covering >536,000 km2 and representing diverse hydrologic and vegetation landscapes. These algorithms were trained on data from 13,412 points spread throughout the 12 sites. Each scene in the 5-year (2017-2021) time series was classified into open water, vegetated water, and non-water at 20 m resolution using variables not only from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, but also variables derived from topographic and weather datasets. The Sentinel-1 model was developed distinct from the Sentinel-2 model to enable the two time series to be integrated into a single high-frequency time series, while open water and vegetated water were both mapped to retain mixed pixel inundation. Results were validated against 7,200 visually inspected points derived from WorldView and PlanetScope imagery. Classification accuracy for open water was high across the 5-year period, with an omission and commission error of only 3.1% and 0.9% for Sentinel-1 and 3.1% and 0.5% for Sentinel-2, respectively. Vegetated water accuracy was lower, as expected given that the class represents mixed pixels. Sentinel-2 showed higher accuracy (10.7% omission and 7.9% commission error) relative to Sentinel-1 (28.4% omission and 16.0% commission error). Our results demonstrated that Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series can be integrated to improve the temporal resolution when mapping open and vegetated waters, although sensor-specific differences, such as sensitivity to vegetation structure versus pixel color, complicate the data integration for subpixel, vegetated water compared with open water.

High-frequency observations of surface water at fine spatial scales are critical to effectively manage aquatic habitat, flood risk and water quality. We developed inundation algorithms for Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 across 12 sites within the conterminous United States (CONUS) covering >536,000 km2 and representing diverse hydrologic and vegetation landscapes. These algorithms were trained on data from 13,412 points spread throughout the 12 sites. Each scene in the 5-year (2017-2021) time series was classified into open water, vegetated water, and non-water at 20 m resolution using variables not only from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, but also variables derived from topographic and weather datasets. The Sentinel-1 model was developed distinct from the Sentinel-2 model to enable the two time series to be integrated into a single high-frequency time series, while open water and vegetated water were both mapped to retain mixed pixel inundation. Results were validated against 7,200 visually inspected points derived from WorldView and PlanetScope imagery. Classification accuracy for open water was high across the 5-year period, with an omission and commission error of only 3.1% and 0.9% for Sentinel-1 and 3.1% and 0.5% for Sentinel-2, respectively. Vegetated water accuracy was lower, as expected given that the class represents mixed pixels. Sentinel-2 showed higher accuracy (10.7% omission and 7.9% commission error) relative to Sentinel-1 (28.4% omission and 16.0% commission error). Our results demonstrated that Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series can be integrated to improve the temporal resolution when mapping open and vegetated waters, although sensor-specific differences, such as sensitivity to vegetation structure versus pixel color, complicate the data integration for subpixel, vegetated water compared with open water.

This data release includes data-processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a remote-sensing based approach to characterize vegetation sensitivity to droughts from 2000 through 2016 in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Drought sensitivity analysis was conducted in minimally-disturbed (‘intact’) forest and shrub-steppe ecosystems, defined as 1-km pixels (i.e., grid cells) that had not experienced major recent insect mortality or fire. Drought conditions were assessed using the multi-scalar standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), for which positive values indicate wetter that average conditions and negative values indicate drier than average conditions for a given site (Vicente-Serrano and others, 2010). A multi-scalar drought sensitivity index (S’) was developed for two drought intensity levels (L): moderate drought (-1.5 < SPEI ≤ -1) and severe drought (SPEI ≤ -1.5). Vegetation response to droughts was quantified using remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for summer months (June, July, and August) from 2000 through 2016. EVI is a vegetation index calculated from the blue, red, and near-infrared spectral bands representing atmospherically corrected surface reflectance and has advantages over other similar indices in its abilities to represent areas of dense vegetation (Huete and others, 2002). For each pixel, S’ represents the percent decrease in EVI under drought conditions relative to baseline (non-drought, non-pluvial) conditions. Relationships between S’ and a variety of landscape characteristics representing climatic water balance, topography, soil characteristics, and shallow groundwater availability were examined using Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modeling, a machine-learning algorithm. For detailed descriptions of data-release components, including analysis methods and modeling, please consult the appropriate metadata documents that accompany the processing scripts and data products.

This data release includes data-processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a remote-sensing based approach to characterize vegetation sensitivity to droughts from 2000 through 2016 in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Drought sensitivity analysis was conducted in minimally-disturbed (‘intact’) forest and shrub-steppe ecosystems, defined as 1-km pixels (i.e., grid cells) that had not experienced major recent insect mortality or fire. Drought conditions were assessed using the multi-scalar standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), for which positive values indicate wetter that average conditions and negative values indicate drier than average conditions for a given site (Vicente-Serrano and others, 2010). A multi-scalar drought sensitivity index (S’) was developed for two drought intensity levels (L): moderate drought (-1.5 < SPEI ≤ -1) and severe drought (SPEI ≤ -1.5). Vegetation response to droughts was quantified using remotely sensed Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for summer months (June, July, and August) from 2000 through 2016. EVI is a vegetation index calculated from the blue, red, and near-infrared spectral bands representing atmospherically corrected surface reflectance and has advantages over other similar indices in its abilities to represent areas of dense vegetation (Huete and others, 2002). For each pixel, S’ represents the percent decrease in EVI under drought conditions relative to baseline (non-drought, non-pluvial) conditions. Relationships between S’ and a variety of landscape characteristics representing climatic water balance, topography, soil characteristics, and shallow groundwater availability were examined using Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modeling, a machine-learning algorithm. For detailed descriptions of data-release components, including analysis methods and modeling, please consult the appropriate metadata documents that accompany the processing scripts and data products.