This dataset presents paired air and stream temperature measurements from 11 sites in the Olympic Experimental State Forest within the Quillayute River Basin, and metrics to understand groundwater influence and thermal sensitivity at these sites. The study area consisted of upper reaches of the Dickey, Calawah, Sol Duc, Bogachiel Rivers, above their respective confluences with the Quillayute River. Paired, or co-located, air and stream water temperature data were collected continuously (every 60 or 120 minutes) by the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WADNR), Forest Resources Division, between 2017 and 2022 (Minkova and Foster, 2017). Stream water temperature data were screened by WADNR to remove erroneous values corresponding to when the sensor was exposed to air. Thermal sensitivity analysis for each site was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey using only complete water years of the daily average values (October 1 to September 30, no gaps in the continuous record) from the paired data to ensure accurate thermal signal computations. Thermal signal metrics and paired air and stream temperature regression fits for each site and water year were generated using the Paired Air and Stream Temperature Analysis web application (PASTA; https://cuahsi.shinyapps.io/pasta/). Reference Cited: Minkova, T. and Foster, A., eds., 2017, Status and Trends Monitoring of Riparian and Aquatic Habitat in the Olympic Experimental State Forest: Monitoring Protocols: Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Forest Resources Division, accessed March 5, 2024, at https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/54632.

This dataset provides a zipfile containing 20 shapefiles with geo-referenced longitudinal water temperature profiles (LTPs; .shp). Profiles were obtained from longitudinal “Lagrangian” drag-probe temperature surveys ("float surveys") of the Quillayute River. Near-streambed and near-surface water temperature and conductivity were measured at three-second intervals and the spatial locations of each measurement was recorded using a GPS from a kayak drifting downstream at ambient stream velocity following the method of Vaccaro and Maloy (2006). The study area consisted of the Quillayute River from its upstream-most point at the confluence of the Sol Duc and Bogachiel Rivers to its outlet at the Pacific Ocean (8 river kilometers). The float surveys were conducted August (Aug.) 10 and 11, 2021, and Aug. 2 and 3, 2022, during different tidal conditions. Three longitudinal profiles were measured near-simultaneously on each survey date, along the left bank, right bank, and thalweg. Each shapefile was named according to the depth of the measurements at near-surface (SRF) or near-streambed (BED), and whether it was along the left bank (L), right bank (R), or thalweg (C). Only twenty profiles are included because data from four surveys was unusable due to sensor malfunction. The missing profiles were from the following dates and sensor locations: Aug. 10, 2021, near-surface left bank; Aug. 10, 2021, near-streambed left bank; Aug. 11, 2021, near-surface right bank; and Aug. 3, 2022, near-streambed left bank. Two of the sensors used in the float surveys had temperature values adjusted by -0.2 degrees Celsius to correct for calibration drift, based on pre-survey verification readings. This correction was applied to the near-streambed thalweg surveys on Aug. 10 and 11, 2021, the near-surface right bank survey on Aug. 10, 2021, the near-streambed left bank survey on Aug. 11, 2021, and the near-surface thalweg and near-streambed right bank surveys on Aug. 2 and 3, 2022. Float surveys targeted a start time in the late morning and an end time in the late afternoon during the diurnal increase in water temperature such that deviations from the diurnal increase may be attributed to groundwater discharge, tributaries, or other sources of water that differ in temperature from the river. The data is projected in UTM10N and the horizontal datum is NAD83(2011). Reference Cited: Vaccaro, J.J., Keys, M.E., Julich, R.J., and Welch, W.B., 2008, Thermal profiles for selected river reaches in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 342. [Also available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/342].

This dataset provides a zipfile containing 20 shapefiles with geo-referenced longitudinal water temperature profiles (LTPs; .shp). Profiles were obtained from longitudinal “Lagrangian” drag-probe temperature surveys ("float surveys") of the Quillayute River. Near-streambed and near-surface water temperature and conductivity were measured at three-second intervals and the spatial locations of each measurement was recorded using a GPS from a kayak drifting downstream at ambient stream velocity following the method of Vaccaro and Maloy (2006). The study area consisted of the Quillayute River from its upstream-most point at the confluence of the Sol Duc and Bogachiel Rivers to its outlet at the Pacific Ocean (8 river kilometers). The float surveys were conducted August (Aug.) 10 and 11, 2021, and Aug. 2 and 3, 2022, during different tidal conditions. Three longitudinal profiles were measured near-simultaneously on each survey date, along the left bank, right bank, and thalweg. Each shapefile was named according to the depth of the measurements at near-surface (SRF) or near-streambed (BED), and whether it was along the left bank (L), right bank (R), or thalweg (C). Only twenty profiles are included because data from four surveys was unusable due to sensor malfunction. The missing profiles were from the following dates and sensor locations: Aug. 10, 2021, near-surface left bank; Aug. 10, 2021, near-streambed left bank; Aug. 11, 2021, near-surface right bank; and Aug. 3, 2022, near-streambed left bank. Two of the sensors used in the float surveys had temperature values adjusted by -0.2 degrees Celsius to correct for calibration drift, based on pre-survey verification readings. This correction was applied to the near-streambed thalweg surveys on Aug. 10 and 11, 2021, the near-surface right bank survey on Aug. 10, 2021, the near-streambed left bank survey on Aug. 11, 2021, and the near-surface thalweg and near-streambed right bank surveys on Aug. 2 and 3, 2022. Float surveys targeted a start time in the late morning and an end time in the late afternoon during the diurnal increase in water temperature such that deviations from the diurnal increase may be attributed to groundwater discharge, tributaries, or other sources of water that differ in temperature from the river. The data is projected in UTM10N and the horizontal datum is NAD83(2011). Reference Cited: Vaccaro, J.J., Keys, M.E., Julich, R.J., and Welch, W.B., 2008, Thermal profiles for selected river reaches in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 342. [Also available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/342].

This dataset presents cross-sectional measurements of water temperature and specific conductance at varying depths in cross sections located in three oxbow ponds adjacent to the Quillayute River in Washington. Three oxbow ponds in the abandoned meander were identified as having sufficient water depth for conducting water quality cross-section surveys. Each pond name identifier in downstream order is as follows: Gravel Pond (GP), Hockey Pond (HP) and Long Pond (LP). Each pond length was measured and partitioned into equally spaced cross-section locations. A pack raft with one team member equipped with water quality probe recorded data at each cross-section. Data was collected August 29-31, 2022, at a time when surface-water temperatures were near their annual thermal maximum.

The Quillayute River Basin in northwestern Washington consists of the Quillayute River and the river systems of its major tributaries, the Dickey, Sol Duc, and Bogachiel Rivers. With a drainage area of 629 square miles, the Quillayute River Basin provides important habitat for 23 distinct runs of anadromous steelhead and salmon, representing one of the largest and most productive watersheds on the Washington coast (Nelson, 1982; Hunter, 2006). The Quileute Tribe maintains treaty-protected fisheries at usual and accustomed areas in the Quillayute River Basin; however, these fisheries are currently at risk during the late summer as water temperatures within these areas may exceed the specific thermal tolerances of salmonids and other cold-water aquatic species. To inform the planning and prioritization of projects that aim to improve the availability of cold-water habitat in the Quillayute River Basin, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Quileute Tribe and Wild Salmon Center, utilized various methods to characterize the late-summer water temperature dynamics of the Quillayute River Basin. These study components and their corresponding objectives included the following: - Thermal infrared surveys to map and profile water surface temperatures and identify thermal points of interest in the Quillayute River and its major tributaries (126 river miles total). - Paired air-stream temperature analysis to evaluate the groundwater influence and thermal sensitivity of 11 sites within the Quillayute River Basin. Repeated longitudinal near-surface and near-bottom water temperature float surveys to locate temperature changes indicative of groundwater discharge and assess the tidal influence on water temperatures along the right edge, left edge, and center of the Quillayute River (20 surveys total) - Models of groundwater-surface water exchange using streambed sediment temperature data at 6 sites in the lower Quillayute River and 13 sites in the Quillayute River oxbow ponds. - Cross-sectional profiles of water temperature and specific conductance to support interpretation of continuous water temperature records collected in the Quillayute River oxbow ponds. The data from these study components are included in the Child Items of this Data Release. In addition to the data presented herein, continuous water temperature data at ten sites representing deep pools in the Quillayute River and Quillayute River oxbow ponds were collected and published on the USGS National Water Information System (USGS, 2024a-e, g-k) as part of this study, along with river stage data at an additional site on the Quillayute River (USGS, 2024f). At each of the ten pool sites water temperature was collected at two to three depths in the water column to assess thermal stratification and the potential effect of tides and groundwater discharge. A forthcoming USGS Scientific Investigations Report will provide interpretation of all data published for this study. References Cited: Hunter, J.W., 2006, Quillayute Watershed Prioritized Salmon Restoration Projects: Quileute Natural Resources, accessed May 29, 2024, at https://quileutenation.org/natural-resources/salmon-restoration/. Nelson, L.M., 1982, Streamflow and sediment transport in the Quillayute River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-627, 33 p. [Also available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr82627] U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2024a, USGS 475408124342701 Quillayute River Oxbow Hockey Pond nr La Push, WA, in USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database, accessed May 29, 2024, at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN. [Site information directly accessible at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=475408124342701.] U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2024b, USGS 475413124351219 Quillayute R Oxbow Long Pond South nr La Push, WA, in USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information

The Quillayute River Basin in northwestern Washington consists of the Quillayute River and the river systems of its major tributaries, the Dickey, Sol Duc, and Bogachiel Rivers. With a drainage area of 629 square miles, the Quillayute River Basin provides important habitat for 23 distinct runs of anadromous steelhead and salmon, representing one of the largest and most productive watersheds on the Washington coast (Nelson, 1982; Hunter, 2006). The Quileute Tribe maintains treaty-protected fisheries at usual and accustomed areas in the Quillayute River Basin; however, these fisheries are currently at risk during the late summer as water temperatures within these areas may exceed the specific thermal tolerances of salmonids and other cold-water aquatic species. To inform the planning and prioritization of projects that aim to improve the availability of cold-water habitat in the Quillayute River Basin, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Quileute Tribe and Wild Salmon Center, utilized various methods to characterize the late-summer water temperature dynamics of the Quillayute River Basin. These study components and their corresponding objectives included the following: - Thermal infrared surveys to map and profile water surface temperatures and identify thermal points of interest in the Quillayute River and its major tributaries (126 river miles total). - Paired air-stream temperature analysis to evaluate the groundwater influence and thermal sensitivity of 11 sites within the Quillayute River Basin. Repeated longitudinal near-surface and near-bottom water temperature float surveys to locate temperature changes indicative of groundwater discharge and assess the tidal influence on water temperatures along the right edge, left edge, and center of the Quillayute River (20 surveys total) - Models of groundwater-surface water exchange using streambed sediment temperature data at 6 sites in the lower Quillayute River and 13 sites in the Quillayute River oxbow ponds. - Cross-sectional profiles of water temperature and specific conductance to support interpretation of continuous water temperature records collected in the Quillayute River oxbow ponds. The data from these study components are included in the Child Items of this Data Release. In addition to the data presented herein, continuous water temperature data at ten sites representing deep pools in the Quillayute River and Quillayute River oxbow ponds were collected and published on the USGS National Water Information System (USGS, 2024a-e, g-k) as part of this study, along with river stage data at an additional site on the Quillayute River (USGS, 2024f). At each of the ten pool sites water temperature was collected at two to three depths in the water column to assess thermal stratification and the potential effect of tides and groundwater discharge. A forthcoming USGS Scientific Investigations Report will provide interpretation of all data published for this study. References Cited: Hunter, J.W., 2006, Quillayute Watershed Prioritized Salmon Restoration Projects: Quileute Natural Resources, accessed May 29, 2024, at https://quileutenation.org/natural-resources/salmon-restoration/. Nelson, L.M., 1982, Streamflow and sediment transport in the Quillayute River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-627, 33 p. [Also available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr82627] U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2024a, USGS 475408124342701 Quillayute River Oxbow Hockey Pond nr La Push, WA, in USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database, accessed May 29, 2024, at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN. [Site information directly accessible at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=475408124342701.] U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2024b, USGS 475413124351219 Quillayute R Oxbow Long Pond South nr La Push, WA, in USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information

This data release contains environmental tracer concentrations, modeled recharge conditions (water temperature, excess air), and resulting estimated groundwater residence times. This dataset supports an integrated hydrogeochemical investigation of solute sources, groundwater recharge processes, and groundwater flow in the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer. The data release contains five comma separated value (CSV) files. The CSV files contain the model inputs (gas and tracer concentrations) and the model outputs (simulated recharge temperature, excess air, apparent groundwater age, and mean groundwater residence time). Data were collected in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center.

This data release contains environmental tracer concentrations, modeled recharge conditions (water temperature, excess air), and resulting estimated groundwater residence times. This dataset supports an integrated hydrogeochemical investigation of solute sources, groundwater recharge processes, and groundwater flow in the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer. The data release contains five comma separated value (CSV) files. The CSV files contain the model inputs (gas and tracer concentrations) and the model outputs (simulated recharge temperature, excess air, apparent groundwater age, and mean groundwater residence time). Data were collected in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Center.

This product consists of 29 datasets of tabular data and associated metadata for watershed characteristics of 1,530 study sites of the Surface Water Trends (SWT) project of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Quality Program (NWQP). The project is conducting national studies of trends in water quality of streams and rivers for periods ranging from 10 to 40 years, between 1972 and 2012. The data here include both static and time-series characteristics. Static data include primarily physical characteristics which have changed little over this period, such as geology, soils, and topography. Time-series data represent characteristics which may or may not have changed over time, such as land use, agricultural practices, precipitation, hydrologic modifications, atmospheric deposition, and population changes.

This product consists of 29 datasets of tabular data and associated metadata for watershed characteristics of 1,530 study sites of the Surface Water Trends (SWT) project of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water Quality Program (NWQP). The project is conducting national studies of trends in water quality of streams and rivers for periods ranging from 10 to 40 years, between 1972 and 2012. The data here include both static and time-series characteristics. Static data include primarily physical characteristics which have changed little over this period, such as geology, soils, and topography. Time-series data represent characteristics which may or may not have changed over time, such as land use, agricultural practices, precipitation, hydrologic modifications, atmospheric deposition, and population changes.