This dataset includes chemical, meteorological, physical and time series data collected from Mooring Iceland_12W_68N in the North Greenland Sea from 2013-08-16 to 2022-08-17. These data include air-sea difference - partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), barometric pressure, oxygen, pCO2 - atmosphere, pCO2 - water, salinity, sea surface temperature, oxygen, pH on total scale, total chlorophyll, nephelometric turbidity unit and salinity-compensated dissolved oxygen. The Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2®) instruments used to collect these data include Bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer, Humidity Sensor, and oxygen meter. The Global CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project involves international groups from 18 countries who have mounted sensors on moored buoys to provide high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The CO2 Time-series and Moorings Project is coordinated by UNESCO International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP).

Polar cod (Boreogadus saida), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and Greenland cod (Gadus macrocephalus) are prominent gadid species within the northwest Atlantic Ocean in terms of their ecological and socio-economic importance but it is unclear how climate-induced changes in ocean temperature may alter their distributions by the end of the century (2100). We used physiologically based species distribution models to predict how ocean warming will influence the availability of suitable habitat for early life-stages in these marine gadids. We applied CMIP5 ocean temperature projections to egg survival and juvenile growth models for Polar cod, Atlantic cod, and Greenland cod to create predicted suitability raster surfaces for these metrics across four climatology periods (1981–2005, 2026–2050, 2051–2075, 2076–2100). The analysis focused on the projected changes in temperature in ocean shelf areas where ocean depth is ≤400 m. We created an integrated habitat suitability index by combining the suitability surfaces for egg survival and growth potential to predict areas and periods where thermal conditions were suitable for both life stages. The resulting surfaces indicate that suitable thermal habitat for the juvenile life stages of all three species will shift poleward, but the magnitude of the shift and the overall area of thermally suitable habitat remaining will differ across species and life stages through time. Modelled layers are provided in NetCDF format by metric (egg survival, growth potential, habitat suitability). Data layers for Polar cod, Atlantic cod, and Greenland cod are included within each NetCDF file as variables across time. Note that in this study we refer to Gadus macrocephalus/ogac as Greenland cod since Gadus ogac is thought to be a junior synonym of Gadus macrocephalus (Carr et al., 1999). For more details on the methods and results for this analysis see Cote et al. (2021). References: Carr, S. M., Kivlichan, D. S., Pepin, P., & Crutcher, D. C. (1999). Molecular systematics of gadid fishes: implications for the biogeographic origins of Pacific species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-77-1-19 Cote, D., Konecny, C. A., Seiden, J., Hauser, T., Kristiansen, T., & Laurel, B. J. (2021). Forecasted Shifts in Thermal Habitat for Cod Species in the Northwest Atlantic and Eastern Canadian Arctic. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8(November), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.764072

This dataset includes surface underway data collected from R/V Sikuliaq in the North Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean from 2016-12-31 to 2017-11-07. These data include barometric pressure, partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, salinity and sea surface temperature. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. These data were collected by Taro Takahashi and Stewart Sutherland of Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Colm Sweeney of University of Colorado at Boulder; Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences as part of the SOOP_R/V_Sikuliaq_2017 data set.

This dataset contains the data reported in Wesley R Ogloff, Randi A Anderson, David J Yurkowski, Cassandra D Debets, W Gary Anderson, Steven H Ferguson, Spatiotemporal variation of ringed seal blubber cortisol levels in the Canadian Arctic, Journal of Mammalogy, 2022;, gyac047, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyac047 Cite this data as: Wesley R Ogloff, Randi A Anderson, David J Yurkowski, Cassandra D Debets, W Gary Anderson, Steven H Ferguson. 2022 Spatiotemporal variation of ringed seal blubber cortisol levels in the Canadian Arctic. Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/e1c6b350-0159-11ed-8212-1860247f53e3

This dataset includes Surface underway data collected from R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer in the South Pacific Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Southern Oceans from 2016-01-10 to 2016-12-14. These data include barometric pressure, partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, salinity and sea surface temperature. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. These data were collected by Taro Takahashi and Stewart Sutherland of Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Colm Sweeney of University of Colorado at Boulder; Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences as part of the SOOP_Palmer_Lines_2016 data set.

CTD profile data (91 casts) were collected in the northern Bering, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas, and Arctic Ocean from the Research Vessel Ocean Starr (OS1901 Legs 1,2,3), August 6 to September 27, 2019. The research cruise was part of the Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Survey (Arctic IES) funded as part of the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (Arctic IERP). The program and research on this expedition were sponsored by NPRB and the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management (BOEM), with in-kind support by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, PMEL and AFSC). These data contribute to understanding how reductions in Arctic sea ice and associated changes in the physical environment influence the flow of energy through the ecosystems of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The physical data are part of a wider range of data collected towards this effort. This year’s survey was notable in that there was no sea ice within the survey region from 72.5N in the Chukchi Sea into the nearshore regions of the Beaufort Sea and south to the Bering Strait. Ice was present in the northern regions of our survey area during surveys that occurred in 2012 and 2013. Additionally, sea surface temperatures were warmer than previous years ranging from 5.3°C (42°F) to 10.9°C (52°F); the coldest sea surface temperatures were found at the offshore Chukchi Slope stations, with the warmest found inshore between Icy Cape and Ledyard Bay. CTD data and water samples were collected by NOAA, PMEL Ecosystems & Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI). Variables include dual temperatures (°C), dual salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence(ugrams/l), Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR, uEin m-2 s-1), oxygen concentration (umol/kg), and calculated values Sigma-T (kg m-3) and oxygen percent saturation (percent) This dataset contains 1-meter-averaged water-column profile data. Profile data from CTD instruments were processed at NOAA/PMEL/EcoFOCI using standard techniques. CTD data contacts: Phyllis Stabeno, Ryan McCabe, Calvin Mordy, Peggy Sullivan, Shaun Bell. Scientists from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), ; Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI); University of Washington, Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES); North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Research Program (Arctic IERP); Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management (BOEM) particilated. Data are in NetCDF. Longitudes are in degW.

CTD profile data (97 casts) were collected in the northeast Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea from the Fishing Vessel Bristol Explorer (cruise BE1301) during the Arctic Ecosystem Integrated Survey (Arctic EIS) pelagic fish survey, August 6 to September 27, 2013. CTD casts occurred at trawl survey stations and along transactions ~15 nm apart. Northern Bering Sea (NBS), stations were from 60°N and Bering Strait; Chukchi Sea stations sat between the Bering Strait and 72.5°N. The cruise was split into 3 legs, with leg 1 sampling in the southern Chukchi Sea, leg 2 in the northern Chukchi Sea and leg 3 in the NBS. Profile data and water samples were collected by NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) as a part of the Ecosystems & Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI) program in collaboration with the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Profile variables include temperature (°C), salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence (ugrams/l), oxygen concentration (umol/kg), transmission (percent), photosynthetic available radiation (PAR, microEinsteins/m^2 s) and calculated values Sigma-T (kg m-3) and oxygen percent saturation (percent). Fewer profile variables were collected on leg 1 due to failed primary CTD and use of backup that did not contain all sensors, limiting water sampling to 4 depth. The CTD issue was solved for legs 2 & 3. On leg 3 ship flooding caused damage to freezers and loss of some discrete nutrient samples and all discrete oxygen and chlorophyll samples (see included cruise report). This data set contains 1-meter-averaged water-column profile data. Profile data from CTD instruments were processed at NOAA/PMEL/EcoFOCI using standard techniques. CTD data contacts: Phyllis Stabeno, Jeanette Gann, Ryan McCabe, Calvin Mordy, Peggy Sullivan, Shaun Bell. Scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC); Auke Bay Laboratories Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment (EMA); Arctic Ecosystem Integrated Survey (Arctic Eis); Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) ; Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI); University of Washington, Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) participated. Data are in NetCDF. Longitudes are in degW.

Region(s) of distribution of Arctic Cod (Boreogadus saida) (Lepechin, 1774) in the Arctic as digitized for U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5038. For details on the project and purpose, see the report at https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165038. Complete metadata for the collection of species datasets is in the metadata document "Dataset_for_Alaska_Marine_Fish_Ecology_Catalog.xml" at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M61HD7. Source(s) for this digitized data layer are listed in the metadata Process Steps section. Note that the original source may show an extended area; some datasets were limited to the published map boundary. Distributions of marine fishes are shown in adjacent Arctic seas where reliable data are available. The data were clipped to show only the marine distribution areas although some species also may have an inland presence.