,2014 Swine CAFO Study SE for Agricultural Antibiotic Resistance in Mississippi State, Mississippi The environmental influence of farm management in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) can yield vast changes to the microbial biota and ecological structure of both the pig and waste manure lagoon wastewater. While some of these changes may not be negative, it is possible that CAFOs can enrich antibiotic resistant bacteria or pathogens based on farm type, thereby influencing the impact imparted by the land application of its respective wastewater. The purpose of this study was to measure the microbial constituents of swine-sow, -nursery, and -finisher farm manure lagoon wastewater and determine the changes induced by farm management. A total of 37 farms were visited in the Mid-South USA and analyzed for the genes 16S rRNA, spaQ (Salmonella spp.), Camp-16S (Campylobacter spp.), tetA, tetB, ermF, ermA, mecA, and intI using quantitative PCR. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequence libraries were created. Overall, it appeared that finisher farms were significantly different from nursery and sow farms in nearly all genes measured and in 16S rRNA clone libraries. Nearly all antibiotic resistance genes were detected in all farms. Interestingly, the mecA resistance gene (e.g. methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was below detection limits on most farms, and decreased as the pigs aged. Finisher farms generally had fewer antibiotic resistance genes, which corroborated previous phenotypic data; additionally, finisher farms produced a less diverse 16S rRNA sequence library. Comparisons of Camp-16S and spaQ GU (genomic unit) values to previous culture data demonstrated ratios from 10 to 10,000:1 depending on farm type, indicating viable but not cultivatable bacteria were dominant. The current study indicated that swine farm management schemes positively and negatively affect microbial and antibiotic resistant populations in CAFO wastewater which has future “downstream” implications from both an environmental and public health perspective.,

,Poultry litter (PL) is a by-product of broiler production. Most PL is land applied. Land-applied PL is a valuable nutrient source for crop production but can also be a route of environmental contamination with manure-borne bacteria. The objective of this study was to characterize the fate of pathogens, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and bacteria containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) after application of PL to soils under conventional till or no-till management. This 2-yr study was conducted in accordance with normal agricultural practices, and microbial populations were quantified using a combination of culture and quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Initial concentrations of Campylobacter jejuni in PL were 5.4 ± 3.2 × 106 cells g-1 PL; Salmonella sp. was not detected in the PL but was enriched periodically from PL-amended soils. Escherichia coli was detected in PL (1.5 ± 1.3 × 102 culturable or 1.5 ± 0.3 × 107 genes g-1) but was rarely detected in field soils, whereas enterococci (1.5 ± 0.5 × 108 cells g-1 PL) were detected throughout the study. These results suggest that enterococci may be better FIB for field-applied PL. Concentrations of ARGs for sulfonamide, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance increased up to 3.0 orders of magnitude after PL application and remained above background for up to 148 d. These data provide new knowledge about important microbial FIB, pathogens, and ARGs associated with PL application under realistic field-based conditions.,,

2020년도 국가 항생제 사용 및 내성 모니터링 리포트<동물, 축산물> - 축수산용 항생제 판매량, 가축 및 도체 유래 세균의 항생제 내성, 반려동물 유래 세균의 항생제 내성, 유통 축산물 유래 세균의 항생제 내성

,House flies (Musca domestica L.) are vectors of human and animal pathogens at livestock operations. Microbial communities in flies are acquired from, and correlate with, their local environment. However, variation among microbial communities carried by flies from farms in different geographical areas is not well understood. We characterized bacterial communities of female house flies collected from beef and dairy farms in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska and further evaluated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria within flies. We evaluated the influence of farm type and farm location on bacterial communities, diversity, pathogenic bacteria strains and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes. These data can be used for better understanding of abundance and prevalence of bacterial communities in house flies associated with livestock operations. These data were collected in September 2019. Abbreviations used include Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs), Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA), Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR), and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs).,The raw Illumina MiSeq sequence data for this project can be found here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA863664,Resources in this dataset:,

,House flies (Musca domestica L.) are a global pest ubiquitous in urban and agricultural settings. Their dependence on microbe-rich substrates for development, as well as ability to acquire and transmit pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, make house flies a risk to human and animal health. Large livestock operations, like confined cattle, are environments which are conducive to both house flies and developing AMR due to large accumulations of animal feed and waste. However, little is known about what factors influence bacterial abundances and AMR prevalence carried by house flies in confined cattle operations. Adult house flies (n=6/fly sex/location) were collected on alternating weeks mid-August through early October of 2019 from a dairy and beef feedlot cattle operation in each of three Kansas counties (Riley, Marion, and Washington). We enumerated colony forming units (CFUs) of culturable aerobic bacteria and suspected coliforms (SC) from house fly homogenates on nonselective (tryptic soy agar, TSA) and selective (violet-red bile agar, VRBA) media to investigate factors, such as fly sex, farm type, location, and climate, which may be associated with bacterial abundances carried by house flies. Further, we screened unique morphotypes of SC isolates for tetracycline (Tet) resistance, then tested for additional resistance to florfenicol (Flo), enrofloxacin (Enr) ceftiofur (Cef), and ampicillin (Amp) to identify multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates. AMR isolates were identified via 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing or, in select cases, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).,Resources in this dataset:,Resource description: Raw CFU counts for culturable aerobic bacteria (TSA) and suspected coliforms (VRBA) cultured from replica plating of ten-fold serially diluted house fly homogenates.,Resource File: Raw_daily_avg_climate_Jul-Oct 2019.xlsx,Resource description: Raw climate data downloaded from Kansas Mesonet weather stations for sampling period.,Resource File: Metadata_bacterial_isolates.xlsx,Resource description: Spreadsheet gives information linking individual isolate (Isolate ID #) data resources with which fly they originated from and other collection information (fly sex, farm type, collection date, county).,Resource File: Raw_isolates_disk_susceptibility.xlsx,Resource description: Measured inhibition zones (in millimeters) of individual isolates which underwent disk susceptibility testing against 5 antibiotics (Tet, Flo, Enr, Cef, Amp).,Resource file: Raw_isolates_MALDI-TOF_outputs.xlsx,Resource description: Spreadsheet of best and second-best matches of Bruker MALDI Biotyper Identification Results for individual isolates (Sample ID). Each isolate was measured in duplicate.,All trimmed Sanger sequence reads of AMR isolates are publicly available at GenBank (PQ636534 - PQ636762).,The code repository for 16S sequence analysis for this project can be found here:https://github.com/vlpickens04/Sanger_Phred_Code,

,Datasheet for the abundance of total bacteria, gram positive indicator bacteria, horizontal gene transfer indicator genes and antibiotic resistance genes in the soil measured over 3 years.,,