The Willamette Valley Project (WVP) is a system of revetments, fish hatcheries, and 13 dams in the Willamette Basin of northwestern Oregon that is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide flood risk management, irrigation, power generation, water quality improvement, and recreational opportunities, among other authorized purposes. By reducing available habitat and altering the natural hydrologic and thermal regimes in the Willamette Basin, the WVP has negatively influenced native populations of anadromous fish, including spring-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and winter-run steelhead (O. mykiss), which were designated as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Public Law 93–205, 87 Stat. 884, as amended) in 1999. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional, hydrodynamic water quality model, has been used to simulate and analyze the temperature of water released from key Willamette Valley Project dams. and the effect on river reaches downstream that might result from a variety of theoretical management scenarios. This data release includes input, output, and calibration files for CE-QUAL-W2 models of Hills Creek Lake and Hills Creek Dam, the Middle Fork Willamette River between Hills Creek Dam and Lookout Point Lake, Lookout Point Lake and Lookout Point Dam, Dexter Lake and Dexter Dam, Cougar Reservoir and Cougar Dam, Green Peter Lake and Green Peter Dam, Foster Lake and Foster Dam, Detroit Lake and Detroit Dam, and Big Cliff Lake and Big Cliff Dam. The models, built by other researchers in the early to-mid-2000s to simulate a disparate range of time periods, were upgraded to CE-QUAL-W2 version 4.2 with additional USGS modifications. Models are set up to run from January through December of 2011, 2015, and 2016 except where truncated for the purposes of model stability. CE-QUAL-W2 models in this data release can be combined with CE-QUAL-W2 river models of the Fall Creek and the Coast Fork Willamette, Middle Fork Willamette, Row, South Fork McKenzie, McKenzie, South Santiam, North Santiam, Santiam, and Willamette Rivers, documented in OFR 2022-1017 (see External Sources), to run model scenarios for an “integrated, basin-wide” model of the Willamette Valley Project.

In the Willamette River Basin in northwestern Oregon, stream temperature has been altered by 13 dams operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), negatively influencing threatened populations of native salmonids. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional, hydrodynamic water quality model, has been used to investigate temperature and heat patterns in the Willamette River and the downstream effects of dam operations and other anthropogenic effects on heat and stream temperature. This data release includes the input and output files for six CE-QUAL-W2 models that include Fall Creek downstream of Fall Creek Dam, the Row River downstream of Dorena Dam, the Coast Fork Willamette River downstream of Cottage Grove Dam, the Middle Fork Willamette River downstream of Dexter Dam, the South Fork McKenzie River downstream of Cougar Dam, the McKenzie River downstream of the South Fork McKenzie River confluence, the South Santiam River downstream of Foster Dam, the North Santiam River downstream of Big Cliff Dam, the Santiam River, and the Willamette River as far downstream as Willamette Falls (river mile 26.8) near Oregon City. The models, built by other researchers in the early 2000s to simulate portions of 2001 and 2002, were upgraded to CE-QUAL-W2 version 4.2 with additional USGS modifications to trace heat, water sources, and provide additional outputs. Models are set up to run from late March through October of 2011, 2015, and 2016. Model scenarios documented in this data release were used to investigate the downstream impacts of flow augmentation from various upstream dams.

CE-QUAL-W2, a mechanistic, two-dimensional model of hydrodynamics and water quality (Portland State University, 2021), was developed and calibrated for J. Percy Priest Reservoir, Tennessee, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) reservoir on the Stones River, southeast of Nashville, Tennessee. The J. Percy Priest CE-QUAL-W2 model was simulated and calibrated using USACE data collected from January 2012 through May 2019. Constituent loads were developed for the CE-QUAL-W2 model using the LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST; U.S. Geological Survey, 2016) and were based on water-quality data collected by the USACE from January 2005 through May 2019. The calibrated model will be used by the Tennessee Department of Environmental Conservation and others as a water-quality diagnostic and predictive tool for water-resources management. References: Portland State University, 2021, CE-QUAL-W2 Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model: Water Quality Research Group, accessed October 19, 2021, at http://www.cee.pdx.edu/w2/. U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, Load Estimator (LOADEST): A Program for Estimating Constituent Loads in Streams and Rivers: U.S. Geological Survey website, accessed February 8, 2022 at https://water.usgs.gov/software/loadest/.

A three-dimensional, groundwater flow model (MODFLOW-NWT) was developed to examine groundwater storage changes in the Quincy Basin, Washington. The model was calibrated to conditions from 1920 to 2013. The model was used to (1) determine the change in groundwater storage from 1920 to 2013 , and (2) simulate the potential effects of increases in pumping, decrease in irrigation recharge, and increases in streamflow in Crab Creek by 100 cubic feet per second and 500 cubic feet per second. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185162).

This model archive makes available a calibrated, transient MODFLODW-NWT model and a MODPATH7 particle-tracking model used to simulate the groundwater flow system at the former Badger Army Ammunition Plant, in Sauk County, Wisconsin, during 1984-2020. The development of the MODFLODW-NWT and MODPATH7 models are described in the associated U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023-5040. This model archive contains all the files needed to document and run the groundwater flow and particle-tracking models. The directories in the archive are each presented as a separate .zip file and include an a "bin" directory, a "georef" directory, a "model” directory, an "output" directory, and a "source" directory. There is also an “ancillary_pest” directory included in the archive that contains files used during the calibration of the flow model. There is a README file describing all the files and directories in the archive and information on how to run the model. Each primary directory also contains a README file which describes the contents of that directory.

This model archive makes available a calibrated, transient MODFLODW-NWT model and a MODPATH7 particle-tracking model used to simulate the groundwater flow system at the former Badger Army Ammunition Plant, in Sauk County, Wisconsin, during 1984-2020. The development of the MODFLODW-NWT and MODPATH7 models are described in the associated U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023-5040. This model archive contains all the files needed to document and run the groundwater flow and particle-tracking models. The directories in the archive are each presented as a separate .zip file and include an a "bin" directory, a "georef" directory, a "model” directory, an "output" directory, and a "source" directory. There is also an “ancillary_pest” directory included in the archive that contains files used during the calibration of the flow model. There is a README file describing all the files and directories in the archive and information on how to run the model. Each primary directory also contains a README file which describes the contents of that directory.

This data release consists of a two-dimensional (laterally averaged) hydrodynamic water-quality model (CE-QUAL-W2; Wells, 2019) of Green Peter and Foster Lakes for the 2023 calendar year, and three theoretical deep drawdown operational scenarios that apply the 2023 model to calendar year 2024. The model and scenarios were used to gain insights into the thermal processes in Green Peter and Foster Lakes and downstream water release temperatures from Green Peter Dam to the Middle Santiam River and from Foster Lake to the South Santiam River during deep drawdown operations, and to investigate the effects of deep reservoir drawdown timing on water temperatures within and downstream of Green Peter and Foster Lakes. The model and scenarios documented here were modified from the Green Peter and Foster Lakes model documented in Stratton Garvin and Rounds (2023) and Stratton Garvin and others (2023), and are not appropriate for use other than the intended purpose of comparing various drawdown operational scenarios using 2023 deep drawdown conditions to inform potential management decisions.

This data release consists of a two-dimensional (laterally averaged) hydrodynamic water-quality model (CE-QUAL-W2; Wells, 2019) of Green Peter and Foster Lakes for the 2023 calendar year, and three theoretical deep drawdown operational scenarios that apply the 2023 model to calendar year 2024. The model and scenarios were used to gain insights into the thermal processes in Green Peter and Foster Lakes and downstream water release temperatures from Green Peter Dam to the Middle Santiam River and from Foster Lake to the South Santiam River during deep drawdown operations, and to investigate the effects of deep reservoir drawdown timing on water temperatures within and downstream of Green Peter and Foster Lakes. The model and scenarios documented here were modified from the Green Peter and Foster Lakes model documented in Stratton Garvin and Rounds (2023) and Stratton Garvin and others (2023), and are not appropriate for use other than the intended purpose of comparing various drawdown operational scenarios using 2023 deep drawdown conditions to inform potential management decisions.

A three-dimensional groundwater flow model (MODFLOW-NWT) of the Columbia Plateau Regional aquifer (CPRAS) in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho was developed to provide an integrated understanding of the hydrologic system to implement effective water-resource management strategies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program assessed the groundwater availability as part of a national study of regional systems (https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1323/). The CPRAS assessment includes the status of groundwater resources, how these resources have changed over time, and development and application of tools to estimate system responses to stresses from future uses and climate variability and change. A major product of this assessment is a numerical groundwater-flow model of the system. Two models were constructed to simulate groundwater flow in the CPRAS: a steady-state predevelopment model representing conditions before large-scale pumping and irrigation altered the system, and a transient model representing the period 1900–2007. Construction of the model, development and calibration of the steady-state and transient simulations, as well as, a commingling scenario, is documented in the Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5127 (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145127). Two additional scenarios were completed and documented in the U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1817 (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1817). One scenario represents long-term equilibrium under 2007 conditions and the other modified the equilibrium conditions to account for potential increased pumpage under projected temperature increases with climate change. The model is a useful tool for investigating water supply, water demand, management strategies, groundwater-surface water exchanges, and potential effects of changing climate on the hydrologic system. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated model documentation reports: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1817 (https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1817) and the modeling report that documents the construction and calibration of the model, Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5127 (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145127).

A three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to characterize groundwater resources the uppermost principal aquifers in the Williston structural basin in parts of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota in the United States and of Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada as part of a detailed assessment of the groundwater availability of the area. The uppermost principal aquifers are comprised of the glacial, lower Tertiary, and Upper Cretaceous aquifer systems. The model was developed as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program's effort to conduct large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability. The numerical model is intended to be used to (1) simulate hydrologic scenarios of interest to groundwater managers and to advance the understanding of groundwater budgets and components including recharge, discharge, and aquifer storage for the entire system, (2) compute historical and projected system response to natural and anthropogenic stresses, and (3) evaluate potential hydrologic monitoring programs at a scale relevant to basin-wide water-management decisions. The three-dimensional groundwater-flow model was developed using the numerical modeling software, MODFLOW-NWT. The steady-state (mean) hydrological conditions included data from 1981 to 2005, and transient (temporally-varying) conditions included a combination of a steady state period with data prior to 1960, and a transient period from 1961 to 2005. The model was calibrated by attempting to match simulated and measured or estimated hydraulic heads, differences in hydraulic heads between aquifers, stream base flow, and measured flow at flowing artesian wells. Sub-regional water budgets for the model area were produced with ZONEBUDGET. This USGS data release contains all of the input and output files for the model described in the associated model documentation report (https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201755158). This data release also includes (1) MODFLOW-NWT (version 1.0.9) source code, and (2) ZONEBUDGET source code.