Spreadsheets include data that was used to evaluate the efficacy of dry ice administered under-ice as a tool for reducing the overwinter survival of invasive carps. There are 10 CSV associated with this study

These datasets include data that was used to evaluate the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) injected under-ice as a tool for reducing the overwinter survival of invasive carps.

These datasets include data that was used to evaluate the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) injected under-ice as a tool for reducing the overwinter survival of invasive carps.

Spreadsheets include data that was used to evaluate the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) deterrence at different temperatures in invasive carps. There are 8 csv files and 2 folders containing text documents associated with this study

Spreadsheets include data that was used to evaluate the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) deterrence at different temperatures in invasive carps. There are 8 csv files and 2 folders containing text documents associated with this study

There is growing interest in the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a management tool for controlling invasive fishes. However, there is limited published data on susceptibility of many commonly encountered species to elevated CO2 concentrations. Our objective was to estimate the 24-h LC50 and LC95 of four fishes (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi). In the laboratory, we exposed fingerlings to a range of levels of CO2 for 24-h in unpressurized, flow-through tanks. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate the dose response relationship for each species of fish with associated uncertainty, and posterior draws were obtained for the 24-h LC50 and LC95 values for each species. The 24-h LC50 (95% posterior interval) values were estimated as 150.7 (138.2 to 166.0) mg CO2/L for Rainbow Trout, 193.5 (177.6 to 212.0) mg CO2/L for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, 340.4 (308.7 to 375.4) mg CO2/L for Common Carp, and 352.2 (313.9 to 391.1) mg CO2/L for Channel Catfish. The 24-h LC95 (95% posterior interval) values were estimated as 190.6 (177.2 to 207.8) mg CO2/L for Rainbow Trout, 245.0 (222.2 to 272.2) mg CO2/L for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, 422.5 (374.7 to 474.5) mg CO2/L for Common Carp, and 434.2 (377.2 to 492.2) mg CO2/L for Channel Catfish. We observed complete mortality at 275 mg CO2/L (38,671.67 µatm), 225 mg CO2/L (30,710.74 µatm), and 495 mg CO2/L (65,707.70 µatm (CC); 77,212.55 µatm (CF)) for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Rainbow Trout, and both Common Carp and Channel Catfish, respectively. Although the experimental findings show strong relationships between increased CO2 concentration and higher mortality, additional work is needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of a CO2 application in a field setting.

There is growing interest in the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a management tool for controlling invasive fishes. However, there is limited published data on susceptibility of many commonly encountered species to elevated CO2 concentrations. Our objective was to estimate the 24-h LC50 and LC95 of four fishes (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi). In the laboratory, we exposed fingerlings to a range of levels of CO2 for 24-h in unpressurized, flow-through tanks. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate the dose response relationship for each species of fish with associated uncertainty, and posterior draws were obtained for the 24-h LC50 and LC95 values for each species. The 24-h LC50 (95% posterior interval) values were estimated as 150.7 (138.2 to 166.0) mg CO2/L for Rainbow Trout, 193.5 (177.6 to 212.0) mg CO2/L for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, 340.4 (308.7 to 375.4) mg CO2/L for Common Carp, and 352.2 (313.9 to 391.1) mg CO2/L for Channel Catfish. The 24-h LC95 (95% posterior interval) values were estimated as 190.6 (177.2 to 207.8) mg CO2/L for Rainbow Trout, 245.0 (222.2 to 272.2) mg CO2/L for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, 422.5 (374.7 to 474.5) mg CO2/L for Common Carp, and 434.2 (377.2 to 492.2) mg CO2/L for Channel Catfish. We observed complete mortality at 275 mg CO2/L (38,671.67 µatm), 225 mg CO2/L (30,710.74 µatm), and 495 mg CO2/L (65,707.70 µatm (CC); 77,212.55 µatm (CF)) for Westslope Cutthroat Trout, Rainbow Trout, and both Common Carp and Channel Catfish, respectively. Although the experimental findings show strong relationships between increased CO2 concentration and higher mortality, additional work is needed to assess the efficacy and feasibility of a CO2 application in a field setting.

This study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into water as a possible behavioral stimulant to enhance capture and removal of invasive red swamp crayfish (RSC, Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852) from a retention pond in southeastern Michigan. Objectives of this study were to (1) determine if target CO2 concentrations were attainable within the infested pond, and (2) determine if CO2 treatment was effective to push RSC towards shorelines or onto dry land where they could be collected and removed. Carbon dioxide was applied directly into one treatment pond (~2,500 m3) in Novi, MI. Two nearby ponds in Livonia, MI were used as untreated control ponds. Crayfish removal efficiency was evaluated in all ponds using baited traps and shoreline surveys. Results showed that the CO2 treatment pond reached its target concentration of >200 milligrams per liter (mg/L) CO2, a benchmark determined from previous laboratory studies, approximately 11 hours after injection started and was maintained between 200-351 mg/L CO2 for approximately 2.5 days. During treatment, some emergent crayfish were observed near influent culverts around the pond, possibly indicative of a behavioral response. However, the number of individuals and crayfish observations were minimal and infrequent. Crayfish continued to be removed throughout CO2 treatment with baited traps and perimeter surveys, but differences in catch rates between the treatment and control ponds were not apparent and confounded by a temporal decline in catch rates across all ponds. Overall, this study demonstrated that open-water treatment applications with CO2 are possible, but its effectiveness to enhance RSC removal was unclear due to limited crayfish observations.

This study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into water as a possible behavioral stimulant to enhance capture and removal of invasive red swamp crayfish (RSC, Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852) from a retention pond in southeastern Michigan. Objectives of this study were to (1) determine if target CO2 concentrations were attainable within the infested pond, and (2) determine if CO2 treatment was effective to push RSC towards shorelines or onto dry land where they could be collected and removed. Carbon dioxide was applied directly into one treatment pond (~2,500 m3) in Novi, MI. Two nearby ponds in Livonia, MI were used as untreated control ponds. Crayfish removal efficiency was evaluated in all ponds using baited traps and shoreline surveys. Results showed that the CO2 treatment pond reached its target concentration of >200 milligrams per liter (mg/L) CO2, a benchmark determined from previous laboratory studies, approximately 11 hours after injection started and was maintained between 200-351 mg/L CO2 for approximately 2.5 days. During treatment, some emergent crayfish were observed near influent culverts around the pond, possibly indicative of a behavioral response. However, the number of individuals and crayfish observations were minimal and infrequent. Crayfish continued to be removed throughout CO2 treatment with baited traps and perimeter surveys, but differences in catch rates between the treatment and control ponds were not apparent and confounded by a temporal decline in catch rates across all ponds. Overall, this study demonstrated that open-water treatment applications with CO2 are possible, but its effectiveness to enhance RSC removal was unclear due to limited crayfish observations.

Locks and dams are possible management points to block the spread of invasive Asian carps in the United States. Infusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into water is one deterrent strategy being considered at navigational structures to reduce upstream fish passage that would not directly interfere with lock and dam operations. The goal of this study was to determine lethal concentrations of CO2 to non-target species. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to CO2 continuously for 12 hours using a diluter system. Trials were performed on both species at target water temperatures of 5, 15, and 25°C. See related manuscript for additional details on experimental methods.