The FIFE Standard Pressure Level Radiosonde Data Set provides a set of standard level profiles (i.e., 5 mb pressure intervals) from over 450 radiosonde balloon flights, which occurred every one to three hours (daylight hours) during the FIFE IFCs. This derived profile data were computed to 5 mb pressure intervals through simple linear interpolation means. An assumption exists that a linear interpolation scheme may be used with sufficient accuracy to assign meteorological values at 5 mb pressure levels. Some errors are introduced using this method. Several new variables were computed from the original FIFE Radiosonde Data and are included in this derived data set. U (east-west) and V (north-south) winds have been computed from wind speed and direction, and potential temperature has been computed from pressure and temperature. These new parameters are desirable for initial conditions in numerical models as well as forcing functions in models, or as verification and comparison of numerical model's results.

The NAMMA Praia Cape Verde Radiosonde data used Sippican MarkIIa DGPS (LOS) radiosondes, which were launched in support of NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) mission. This mission was based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa. Commencing in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets. The radiosondes released were Sippican MK-IIa units developed by Lockheed Martin. The atmospheric soundings were used to measure pressure, temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed and spatial coordinates. Data is grouped by ascending and descending flights and includes temperature, Skew-T, trajectory, wind and time series plots.

The GRIP Barbados/Cape Verde radiosonde data set consists of generally two soundings per day (06Z and 12Z) launched from Barbados, and one sounding per day (12Z) launched from Cape Verde during the Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) field campaign. The major goal was to better understand how tropical storms form and develop into major hurricanes. These radiosondes measure the profile of atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, from the ground to an altitude of up to 40 km (in general, the sondes reached at least a pressure of 100 milibars). The launch program began on August 14, 2010 and ended September 24, 2010. The sondes used were type DFM-06, built by GRAW Radiosondes, Nuremberg Germany. Most ascents were done with TOTEX 200-g latex balloons using the DMF-06 sondes. A few launches were made using TOTEX 800-g Balloons with the DFM-97 package (connected with ECC ozonesonde). On some days launch times were changed, and multiple launches were made from Barbados on September 9, 10 and 21. The data were retrieved using a GRAWMET GS-E ground station. The sample rate of the data was 4 seconds for the Barbados data and 2 seconds for the Cape Verde data.

The FIFE Radiosonde Data Set contains temperatures, wind speed, and temperature profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer measured by means of radiosondes that were analyzed in the framework of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, with the objective of determining the regional surface heat flux. Profiles of temperature, humidity and wind velocity in the atmosphere were measured by means of intensive radiosoundings conducted approximately between 900 and 1800 CDST in northeastern Kansas during the five FIFE Intensive Field Campaigns in spring, summer and fall of 1987, and in the late summer of 1989. Some 445 radiosondes were released to generate the measurements needed to obtain profiles of wind velocity dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature. The launch site was located near the northern edge of the experimental area to ensure that these profiles reflect surface conditions over the fetch of the experimental area in the general direction of the prevailing southerly wind. The raw radiosonde data described here have been corrected for sensor delays (see the FIFE Temperature and Humidity Profiles) and algorithm inconsistencies, (see the FIFE Radiosonde Wind Profiles) and have been interpolated to a set of standard pressure levels (see the FIFE Standard Pressure Level Radiosonde Data). These derived data sets are described separately.

The TOVS data were acquired from NOAA/NESDIS to monitor atmospheric conditions that occurred over the FIFE study area during 1987. The TOVS data were obtained from NESDIS in the standard TOVS sounding product format containing atmospheric sounding data for NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 satellites over the FIFE study area. The TOVS sounding products information is derived from three sensors which measure the intensity of upwelling radiation in the various spectral intervals that occur at maxima over broad layers and depths of the atmosphere. These radiance measurements are processed into Earth-located, calibrated radiance values, "clear" radiances (radiances corrected for cloud effects and angle-of-view), estimates of water vapor in three atmospheric layers (converted to precipitable water in these layers), mean temperatures for selected atmospheric layers, tropopause height and temperature estimates, and geopotential thickness of selected atmospheric layers.

The High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) EPOCH dataset includes measurements gathered by the HAMSR instrument during the East Pacific Origins and Characteristics of Hurricanes (EPOCH) project. EPOCH was a NASA program manager training opportunity directed at training NASA young scientists in conceiving, planning, and executing a major airborne science field program. The goals of the EPOCH project were to sample tropical cyclogenesis or intensification of an Eastern Pacific hurricane and to train the next generation of NASA Airborne Science Program leadership. HAMSR has 25 spectral channels which are split into 3 bands to provide measurements that can be used to infer the 3 dimensional distribution of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water profiles in the atmosphere, even in the presence of clouds. HAMSR is mounted in payload zone 3 near the nose of the Global Hawk NASA aircraft. Data is available from August 9, 2017 through August 31, 2017 in netCDF-3 format.

The High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) CPEX-AW dataset includes measurements gathered by the HAMSR instrument during the Convective Processes Experiment – Aerosols & Winds (CPEX-AW) field campaign. CPEX-AW was a joint effort between the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the primary goal of conducting a post-launch calibration and validation activities of the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission-Aeolus (ADM-AEOLUS) Earth observation wind Lidar satellite in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. HAMSR has 25 spectral channels which are split into 3 bands to provide measurements that can be used to infer the 3-dimensional distribution of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water profiles in the atmosphere, even in the presence of clouds. HAMSR is mounted in payload zone 3 near the nose of the Global Hawk NASA aircraft. Data is available from August 17, 2021 through September 4, 2021 in netCDF-3 format, with associated browse files in PNG format.

The St. Croix Radiosondes CPEX-AW dataset consists of atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction measurements. These measurements were taken from the DFM-09 Radiosonde instrument during the Convective Processes Experiment – Aerosols & Winds (CPEX-AW) field campaign. CPEX-AW was a joint effort between the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the primary goal of conducting a post-launch calibration and validation activities of the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission-Aeolus (ADM-AEOLUS) Earth observation wind Lidar satellite in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Data are available from August 19, 2021 through September 14, 2021 in netCDF and ASCII formats, with associated browse imagery in PNG format.