The GRIP Barbados/Cape Verde radiosonde data set consists of generally two soundings per day (06Z and 12Z) launched from Barbados, and one sounding per day (12Z) launched from Cape Verde during the Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) field campaign. The major goal was to better understand how tropical storms form and develop into major hurricanes. These radiosondes measure the profile of atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, from the ground to an altitude of up to 40 km (in general, the sondes reached at least a pressure of 100 milibars). The launch program began on August 14, 2010 and ended September 24, 2010. The sondes used were type DFM-06, built by GRAW Radiosondes, Nuremberg Germany. Most ascents were done with TOTEX 200-g latex balloons using the DMF-06 sondes. A few launches were made using TOTEX 800-g Balloons with the DFM-97 package (connected with ECC ozonesonde). On some days launch times were changed, and multiple launches were made from Barbados on September 9, 10 and 21. The data were retrieved using a GRAWMET GS-E ground station. The sample rate of the data was 4 seconds for the Barbados data and 2 seconds for the Cape Verde data.

The NOAA Radiosonde Observations - 1989 (NCDC) Data Set contains radiosonde data obtained from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). These 396 days of data cover 13 months from October 1988 through October 1989. These data were collected using sondes released in Dodge City and Topeka Kansas, 337 km and 68 km, respectively, from the FIFE study area. Radiosonde observations were made to determine the pressure, temperature, and humidity from the surface to the point where the sounding was terminated. It is assumed that the use of these data is applicable to the FIFE study because these meteorological data are relatively stable in the horizontal domain. These data may be used as input to numerical models, as well as verification data for simulation studies.

The Puerto Rico Radiosondes CPEX-AW dataset consists of atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction measurements. These measurements were taken from the DFM-09 Radiosonde instrument during the Convective Processes Experiment – Aerosols & Winds (CPEX-AW) field campaign. CPEX-AW was a joint effort between the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the primary goal of conducting a post-launch calibration and validation activities of the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission-Aeolus (ADM-AEOLUS) Earth observation wind Lidar satellite in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Data are available from August 24, 2021 through September 28, 2021 in ASCII format, with associated browse Skew-T graphs in PNG format.

The NAMMA Senegal Radiosonde and Tower Flux data includes measurements of humidity, wind speed/direction and velocity. Additionally, the flux data includes photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air and soil temperature and heat flux data. The flux data was obtained from a tower located in Kawasara, Sengal, Africa. These data files were generated during support of the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) campaign, a field research investigation sponsored by the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This mission was based in the Cape Verde Islands, 350 miles off the coast of Senegal in west Africa. Commencing in August 2006, NASA scientists employed surface observation networks and aircraft to characterize the evolution and structure of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and Mesoscale Convective Systems over continental western Africa, and their associated impacts on regional water and energy budgets.

The St. Croix Radiosondes CPEX-AW dataset consists of atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction measurements. These measurements were taken from the DFM-09 Radiosonde instrument during the Convective Processes Experiment – Aerosols & Winds (CPEX-AW) field campaign. CPEX-AW was a joint effort between the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the primary goal of conducting a post-launch calibration and validation activities of the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission-Aeolus (ADM-AEOLUS) Earth observation wind Lidar satellite in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Data are available from August 19, 2021 through September 14, 2021 in netCDF and ASCII formats, with associated browse imagery in PNG format.

In support of CAMEX-3, numerous radiosonde and rawinsondes were launched from Andros Island, which consisted of instruments manufactured by VIS and Vaisala. Some sondes were GPS or LORAN located so that winds aloft could be determined without ground based tracking systems. Data from the sondes were used to validate several ground based instruments observing the lower troposphere.

The High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) EPOCH dataset includes measurements gathered by the HAMSR instrument during the East Pacific Origins and Characteristics of Hurricanes (EPOCH) project. EPOCH was a NASA program manager training opportunity directed at training NASA young scientists in conceiving, planning, and executing a major airborne science field program. The goals of the EPOCH project were to sample tropical cyclogenesis or intensification of an Eastern Pacific hurricane and to train the next generation of NASA Airborne Science Program leadership. HAMSR has 25 spectral channels which are split into 3 bands to provide measurements that can be used to infer the 3 dimensional distribution of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water profiles in the atmosphere, even in the presence of clouds. HAMSR is mounted in payload zone 3 near the nose of the Global Hawk NASA aircraft. Data is available from August 9, 2017 through August 31, 2017 in netCDF-3 format.

The CAMEX-4 Andros Lisland Rawinsonde and Radiosondes dataset was collected by using numerous rawinsondes (radiosondes), which were launched from Andros Island in support of CAMEX-4. These sondes provided atmospheric soundings of temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind, and altitude.

The High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) CPEX-AW dataset includes measurements gathered by the HAMSR instrument during the Convective Processes Experiment – Aerosols & Winds (CPEX-AW) field campaign. CPEX-AW was a joint effort between the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the primary goal of conducting a post-launch calibration and validation activities of the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission-Aeolus (ADM-AEOLUS) Earth observation wind Lidar satellite in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. HAMSR has 25 spectral channels which are split into 3 bands to provide measurements that can be used to infer the 3-dimensional distribution of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water profiles in the atmosphere, even in the presence of clouds. HAMSR is mounted in payload zone 3 near the nose of the Global Hawk NASA aircraft. Data is available from August 17, 2021 through September 4, 2021 in netCDF-3 format, with associated browse files in PNG format.

The High Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) CPEX dataset includes measurements gathered by the HAMSR instrument during the Convective Processes Experiment (CPEX) field campaign. The CPEX field campaign took place in the North Atlantic-Gulf of America-Caribbean Sea region from 25 May-25 June 2017. CPEX conducted a total of sixteen DC-8 missions from 27 May-24 June. The CPEX campaign collected data to help explain convective storm initiation, organization, growth, and dissipation in the North Atlantic-Gulf of America-Caribbean Oceanic region during the early summer of 2017. HAMSR has 25 spectral channels which are split into 3 bands to provide measurements that can be used to infer the 3-dimensional distribution of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water profiles in the atmosphere, even in the presence of clouds. Data are available from May 24, 2017 through July 16, 2017 in netCDF-3 format.