Rainfall, volumetric soil-water content, video, and geophone data characterizing postfire rainfall and runoff were collected at two stations in the 2020 Calwood Fire Burn Area in Colorado. This release contains data from stations at two sites named Heil Ranch (40° 8' 43.47" N, 105° 20' 26.352" W) and Calwood (40° 9' 4.76" N, 105° 21' 20.79" W). The data presented here were collected from April 8, 2021, to November 7, 2023 at the Heil Ranch station, and from May 7, 2021, to October 3, 2022 at the Calwood station. Station names (Heil and Calwood) were used as a prefix for the data files. Each data type is described below. Raw Cumulative Data: Cumulative rainfall data, xxxxCumulativeRainfall.csv are contained in a comma separated value (CSV) file (here xxxx is replaced with either Heil or Calwood, depending on the station). The data are continuous and sampled at 1-minute intervals. The columns in the CSV file are TIMESTAMP[UTC], RainSlowInt (the depth of rain in each minute [mm]), CumulativeRainfall (cumulative rainfall since the beginning of the record [mm]), and VWC (volumetric water content [V/V]) at three depths below ground surface (1 = 10 cm, 2 = 30 cm, 3 = 50 cm). VWC values outside of the range of 0 to 0.5 represent sensor malfunctions and were replaced with -99999. Storm Record: We summarized the rainfall, volumetric soil-water content, and geophone data based on rainstorms. We defined a storm as rain for a duration greater than or equal to 5 minutes or with an accumulation greater than or equal to 2.54 mm until the last rain gauge tip followed by at least 8 hours without precipitation. Each storm was then assigned a storm ID starting at 0. The storm record data, xxxxStormRecord.csv (where xxxx is replaced with either Heil or Calwood, depending on the station), provides peak rainfall intensities and times and volumetric soil-water content information for each storm. The columns from left to right provide the information as follows: ID, StormStart [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], timestamp when at least 0.2mm of rain is detected), StormStop [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], timestamp of last rain gauge tip followed by at least 8 hours without precipitation), StormDepth [mm] (the amount of rain that fell in the storm), StormDuration [h] (length of storm), I -5 [mm h-1] (peak 5- minute rainfall intensity), I-10 [mm h-1] (peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 [mm h-1] (peak 15- minute rainfall intensity), I-30 [mm h-1] (peak 30-minute rainfall intensity during the storm), I-60 [mm h-1] (peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), I-5 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 5-minute rainfall intensity), I-10 time yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity), I-30 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ] (the time of the peak 30-minute rainfall intensity), I-60 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), VWC (volumetric water content at three depths below ground surface (1 = 10 cm, 2 = 30 cm, 3 = 50 cm) at the start of the storm, the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity, and the end of the storm [V/V]). Geophone Data: Geophone data, xxxxGeophoneData.zip, are contained in comma separated value (CSV) files (here xxxx is replaced with either Heil or Calwood, depending on the station). The geophone data are labeled by the corresponding storm ID in the storm record and labeled IDa and IDb if the geophone stopped recording for more than an hour during the storm. The two geophones sampled at 50 Hz, one upstream and one downstream, and were placed 16 m apart at the Heil station and 14.9 m apart at the Calwood station. Geophones were triggered to record when 1.6 mm of rain was detected during a period of 10 minutes, and they continued to record for 30 minutes past the last timestamp when this criteria was met. The columns in each CSV file are TIMESTAMP [UTC], GeophoneUp_mV

Precipitation, volumetric soil-water content, videos, and geophone data characterizing postfire debris flows were collected at the 2022 Hermit’s Peak Calf-Canyon Fire in New Mexico. This dataset contains data from June 22, 2022, to June 26, 2024. The data were obtained from a station located at 35° 42’ 28.86” N, 105° 27’ 18.03” W (geographic coordinate system). Each data type is described below. Raw Rainfall Data: Rainfall data, Rainfall.csv, are contained in a comma separated value (.csv) file. The data are continuous and sampled at 1-minute intervals. The columns in the csv file are TIMESTAMP(UTC), RainSlowInt (the depth of rain in each minute [mm]), CumRain (cumulative rainfall since the beginning of the record [mm]), and VWC# (volumetric water content [V/V]) at three depths (1 = 10 cm, 2=30 cm, and 3=50 cm). VWC values outside of the range of 0 to 0.5 represent sensor malfunctions and were replaced with -99999 . Storm Record: We summarized the rainfall, volumetric soil-water content, and geophone data based on rainstorms. We defined a storm as rain for a duration >= 5 minutes or with an accumulation > 2.54 mm. Each storm was then assigned a storm ID starting at 0. The storm record data, StormRecord.csv, provides peak rainfall intensities and times and volumetric soil-water content information for each storm. The columns from left to right provide the information as follows: ID, StormStart [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], calculated as any time at least 0.2 mm of rain is detected), StormStop [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], timestamp of last rain gauge tip followed by at least 6 hours without precipitation), StormDepth [mm] (the total amount of rain that fell in the storm), StormDuration [h] (length of storm), I-5 [mm h-1] (peak 5-minute rainfall intensity), I-10 [mm h-1] (peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 [mm h-1] (peak 15-minute rainfall intensity), I-30 [mm h-1] (peak 30-minute rainfall intensity during the storm), I-60 [mm h-1] (peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), I-5 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], the time of the peak 5-minute rainfall intensity), I-10 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], the time of the peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 time yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity), I-30 time yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ] ([UTC], the time of the peak 30-minute rainfall intensity), I-60 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] [UTC], (the time of the peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), VWC (volumetric water content [V/V] at three depths (1 = 10 cm, 2 = 30 cm, 3 = 50 cm) at the start of the storm, the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity, and the end of the storm), Velocity [m s-1] of the flow, and Event (qualitative observation of type of flow from video footage). VWC values outside of the range of 0 to 0.5 represent sensor malfunctions and were replaced with -99999. Velocity was only calculated for flows with a noticeable surge as the rest of the signal is not sufficient for a cross-correlation, and Event was only filled for storms with quality video data. Values of -99999 were assigned for these columns for all other storms. Geophone Data: Geophone data, GeophoneData.zip, are contained in comma separated value (.csv) files labeled by ‘storm’ and the corresponding storm ID in the storm record and labeled IDa and IDb if the geophone stopped recording for more than an hour during the storm. The data was recorded at two geophones sampled at 50 Hz, one 11.5 m upstream from the station and one 9.75 m downstream from the station. Geophones were triggered to record when 1.6 mm of rain was detected during a period of 10 minutes, and they continued to record for 30 minutes past the last timestamp when this criteria was met. The columns in each csv file are TIMESTAMP [UTC], GeophoneUp_mV (the upstream geophone [mV]), GeophoneDn_mV (the downstream geophone [mV]). Note that there are occasional missed samples when the data logger did not record due to geophone malfunction

Rain-gages are critical instrumentation for documenting the rainfall forcing of post-wildfire hydrologic, erosional, and water-quality response. This USGS Data Release presents tipping-bucket rain gage data following two wildfires: the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico and the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire near Boulder, Colorado. The data presented in this USGS Data Release are used for analyses that demonstrate important concepts in precipitation characteristics that relate to temporal and spatial scales. Further information regarding the location and data processing are available in the metadata.

This data release includes time-series data from two monitoring stations in a small drainage basin burned in the 2014 Silverado Fire, Orange County, California. One station (upper station) is located in the headwaters of the study area (33 45’39.10”N, 117 35’17.48”W, WGS84). The other station (lower station) is located at the outlet of the study area (33 45’04.61”N, 117 35’12.54”W). The data were collected between November 15, 2014 and January 14, 2016. The data include continuous 1-minute time series of rainfall and soil water content recorded at the both stations and intermittent (during rain storms) 50-Hz time series of flow-induced ground vibrations recorded by geophones at the lower station. The soil water content measurements were made at 2 depths below the ground surface (5 and 10 cm) between 2014-11-15 and 2015-04-24, and 4 depths below the ground surface (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) between 2015-04-24 and 2016-01-14. The ground vibrations were measured by two 4.5 Hz vertical axis geophones (Geospace SNG 11D/PC902/OPEN-30m) located approximately 3 m from the channel bank and separated by 11.8 m in the streamwise direction. Details of this study are described in the journal article: McGuire, L.A., Rengers, F.K., Kean, J.W., Staley, D.M., and Mirus B.B., (2017), Incorporating spatially heterogeneous infiltration capacity into hydrologic models with applications for simulating post-wildfire debris flow initiation, Hydrologic Processes.

This data release includes time-series data from two monitoring stations in a small drainage basin burned in the 2014 Silverado Fire, Orange County, California. One station (upper station) is located in the headwaters of the study area (33 45’39.10”N, 117 35’17.48”W, WGS84). The other station (lower station) is located at the outlet of the study area (33 45’04.61”N, 117 35’12.54”W). The data were collected between November 15, 2014 and January 14, 2016. The data include continuous 1-minute time series of rainfall and soil water content recorded at the both stations and intermittent (during rain storms) 50-Hz time series of flow-induced ground vibrations recorded by geophones at the lower station. The soil water content measurements were made at 2 depths below the ground surface (5 and 10 cm) between 2014-11-15 and 2015-04-24, and 4 depths below the ground surface (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) between 2015-04-24 and 2016-01-14. The ground vibrations were measured by two 4.5 Hz vertical axis geophones (Geospace SNG 11D/PC902/OPEN-30m) located approximately 3 m from the channel bank and separated by 11.8 m in the streamwise direction. Details of this study are described in the journal article: McGuire, L.A., Rengers, F.K., Kean, J.W., Staley, D.M., and Mirus B.B., (2017), Incorporating spatially heterogeneous infiltration capacity into hydrologic models with applications for simulating post-wildfire debris flow initiation, Hydrologic Processes.

This data release contains all of the available raw rainfall data from the Grizzly Creek Fire perimeter from September 2020 through September 2022. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of the data. The locations of the stations are available in the file named (4_Gauge_Location.csv) in the parent data release. The rain gauge data were obtained using two different methods. The gauges named: ‘USGS_’ are non-telemetered gauges and each timestamp represents a bucket tip. The columns in each csv for these gauges includes an Index, Date Time, Name, Serial Number, and Tipping Bucket depth (in units of millmeters). Gauges GCCC2, GCDC2, GCEC2, GCFC2, GCIC2, GCNC2, GCTC2 were operated by the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center (USGS COWSC), and provisional data from these gages were obtained remotely via telemetry. Gauge TT394 was operated by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and provisional data from this gage was obtained remotely via telemetry. The USGS COWSC and BLM data have three columns: Date_Time, precip_intervals_set_1d (the depth in millimeters at a timestamp), and precip_accumulated_set_1d (the total accumulated rainfall depth in millimeters). Note that in some cases the data are discontinuous. One rain gauge, Bair Ranch, was operated by the Colorado Department of Transportation in 2021. These data are broken up into different files due to long data discontinuities. The naming format is: Bair_Ranch_start_YYYYMMDD_endYYYYMMDD, indicating the starting and ending year (YYYY), month (MM), and day (DD). These data have two columns Date/Time and 6hr Accum (inches of precipitation in 6 hours). Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the rainfall data obtained from the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center, Colorado Department of Transportation, and the Bureau of Land Management.

This data release contains all of the available raw rainfall data from the Grizzly Creek Fire perimeter from September 2020 through September 2022. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of the data. The locations of the stations are available in the file named (4_Gauge_Location.csv) in the parent data release. The rain gauge data were obtained using two different methods. The gauges named: ‘USGS_’ are non-telemetered gauges and each timestamp represents a bucket tip. The columns in each csv for these gauges includes an Index, Date Time, Name, Serial Number, and Tipping Bucket depth (in units of millmeters). Gauges GCCC2, GCDC2, GCEC2, GCFC2, GCIC2, GCNC2, GCTC2 were operated by the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center (USGS COWSC), and provisional data from these gages were obtained remotely via telemetry. Gauge TT394 was operated by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and provisional data from this gage was obtained remotely via telemetry. The USGS COWSC and BLM data have three columns: Date_Time, precip_intervals_set_1d (the depth in millimeters at a timestamp), and precip_accumulated_set_1d (the total accumulated rainfall depth in millimeters). Note that in some cases the data are discontinuous. One rain gauge, Bair Ranch, was operated by the Colorado Department of Transportation in 2021. These data are broken up into different files due to long data discontinuities. The naming format is: Bair_Ranch_start_YYYYMMDD_endYYYYMMDD, indicating the starting and ending year (YYYY), month (MM), and day (DD). These data have two columns Date/Time and 6hr Accum (inches of precipitation in 6 hours). Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the rainfall data obtained from the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center, Colorado Department of Transportation, and the Bureau of Land Management.

This USGS Data Release section presents tipping-bucket rain gage data collected following the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico. Further details are provided in https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.6806.

This USGS Data Release section presents tipping-bucket rain gage data collected following the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico. Further details are provided in https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.6806.

This Data Release section presents tipping-bucket rain gage data collected following the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire near Boulder, Colorado. Further details are provided in: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5236 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hyp.9424.