This data release contains all of the available raw rainfall data from the Grizzly Creek Fire perimeter from September 2020 through September 2022. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of the data. The locations of the stations are available in the file named (4_Gauge_Location.csv) in the parent data release. The rain gauge data were obtained using two different methods. The gauges named: ‘USGS_’ are non-telemetered gauges and each timestamp represents a bucket tip. The columns in each csv for these gauges includes an Index, Date Time, Name, Serial Number, and Tipping Bucket depth (in units of millmeters). Gauges GCCC2, GCDC2, GCEC2, GCFC2, GCIC2, GCNC2, GCTC2 were operated by the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center (USGS COWSC), and provisional data from these gages were obtained remotely via telemetry. Gauge TT394 was operated by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and provisional data from this gage was obtained remotely via telemetry. The USGS COWSC and BLM data have three columns: Date_Time, precip_intervals_set_1d (the depth in millimeters at a timestamp), and precip_accumulated_set_1d (the total accumulated rainfall depth in millimeters). Note that in some cases the data are discontinuous. One rain gauge, Bair Ranch, was operated by the Colorado Department of Transportation in 2021. These data are broken up into different files due to long data discontinuities. The naming format is: Bair_Ranch_start_YYYYMMDD_endYYYYMMDD, indicating the starting and ending year (YYYY), month (MM), and day (DD). These data have two columns Date/Time and 6hr Accum (inches of precipitation in 6 hours). Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the rainfall data obtained from the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center, Colorado Department of Transportation, and the Bureau of Land Management.

Rainfall, volumetric soil-water content, video, and geophone data characterizing postfire rainfall and runoff were collected at two stations in the 2020 Calwood Fire Burn Area in Colorado. This release contains data from stations at two sites named Heil Ranch (40° 8' 43.47" N, 105° 20' 26.352" W) and Calwood (40° 9' 4.76" N, 105° 21' 20.79" W). The data presented here were collected from April 8, 2021, to November 7, 2023 at the Heil Ranch station, and from May 7, 2021, to October 3, 2022 at the Calwood station. Station names (Heil and Calwood) were used as a prefix for the data files. Each data type is described below. Raw Cumulative Data: Cumulative rainfall data, xxxxCumulativeRainfall.csv are contained in a comma separated value (CSV) file (here xxxx is replaced with either Heil or Calwood, depending on the station). The data are continuous and sampled at 1-minute intervals. The columns in the CSV file are TIMESTAMP[UTC], RainSlowInt (the depth of rain in each minute [mm]), CumulativeRainfall (cumulative rainfall since the beginning of the record [mm]), and VWC (volumetric water content [V/V]) at three depths below ground surface (1 = 10 cm, 2 = 30 cm, 3 = 50 cm). VWC values outside of the range of 0 to 0.5 represent sensor malfunctions and were replaced with -99999. Storm Record: We summarized the rainfall, volumetric soil-water content, and geophone data based on rainstorms. We defined a storm as rain for a duration greater than or equal to 5 minutes or with an accumulation greater than or equal to 2.54 mm until the last rain gauge tip followed by at least 8 hours without precipitation. Each storm was then assigned a storm ID starting at 0. The storm record data, xxxxStormRecord.csv (where xxxx is replaced with either Heil or Calwood, depending on the station), provides peak rainfall intensities and times and volumetric soil-water content information for each storm. The columns from left to right provide the information as follows: ID, StormStart [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], timestamp when at least 0.2mm of rain is detected), StormStop [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], timestamp of last rain gauge tip followed by at least 8 hours without precipitation), StormDepth [mm] (the amount of rain that fell in the storm), StormDuration [h] (length of storm), I -5 [mm h-1] (peak 5- minute rainfall intensity), I-10 [mm h-1] (peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 [mm h-1] (peak 15- minute rainfall intensity), I-30 [mm h-1] (peak 30-minute rainfall intensity during the storm), I-60 [mm h-1] (peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), I-5 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 5-minute rainfall intensity), I-10 time yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity), I-30 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ] (the time of the peak 30-minute rainfall intensity), I-60 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] (the time of the peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), VWC (volumetric water content at three depths below ground surface (1 = 10 cm, 2 = 30 cm, 3 = 50 cm) at the start of the storm, the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity, and the end of the storm [V/V]). Geophone Data: Geophone data, xxxxGeophoneData.zip, are contained in comma separated value (CSV) files (here xxxx is replaced with either Heil or Calwood, depending on the station). The geophone data are labeled by the corresponding storm ID in the storm record and labeled IDa and IDb if the geophone stopped recording for more than an hour during the storm. The two geophones sampled at 50 Hz, one upstream and one downstream, and were placed 16 m apart at the Heil station and 14.9 m apart at the Calwood station. Geophones were triggered to record when 1.6 mm of rain was detected during a period of 10 minutes, and they continued to record for 30 minutes past the last timestamp when this criteria was met. The columns in each CSV file are TIMESTAMP [UTC], GeophoneUp_mV

This data release contains rainfall data from the 2020 Archie Creek, Holiday Farm, and Riverside Fire’s. These are gages identified in the parent OR_field_observations.csv release and used to calculate peak rainfall intensity-durations. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of data collection. The locations of the stations, dates of deployment, interval, and unit of rainfall measurement are available in gage_locations.csv in the parent data release. All rainfall data are reported as a cumulative total. The Archie1, Archie2, Archie3, Holiday1, Holiday2, Holiday3, Holiday4, and Oregon Rain 4 rain gages are non-telemetered. These gages were deployed following the fires within the first few months of the 2020 water year. These rainfall data files are the raw output of the HOBO data logger file that have been converted to a csv using HOBO software version 3.7.25. These are tipping bucket gages where each bucket tip represents 0.2 mm of rainfall. The column headers for the non-telemetered gages are: #: Number of data logs recorded. Date Time, GMT-07:00: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M:S]. Event, units (Sensor IDs): Bucket tip. OregonRain4 additionally includes a temperature recording column Temp, °C (LGR S/N: 10741450, SEN S/N: 10741450, LBL: temp), which describes the temperature recorded for the timestamp in degrees C. The D7564, E6414, F0379, F9895, HGNO3, LNEO3, RWXO3, TCFO3, and WPKO3 gages are telemetered, and rainfall data were downloaded from MESOWEST (https://mesowest.utah.edu/). MESOWEST only allows for rainfall data to be downloaded at a maximum of 365 days at a time, and rainfall data associated with these telemetered gages span multiple years. The multiple years of data for each gage were combined and adjusted so that our cumulative rainfall data starts at a value of 0 at the start of our downloaded data. These data are reported in inches. The column headers for these telemetered gages are: date: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M]. precip: Cumulative total of rainfall in inches.

This data release contains rainfall data from the 2020 Archie Creek, Holiday Farm, and Riverside Fire’s. These are gages identified in the parent OR_field_observations.csv release and used to calculate peak rainfall intensity-durations. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of data collection. The locations of the stations, dates of deployment, interval, and unit of rainfall measurement are available in gage_locations.csv in the parent data release. All rainfall data are reported as a cumulative total. The Archie1, Archie2, Archie3, Holiday1, Holiday2, Holiday3, Holiday4, and Oregon Rain 4 rain gages are non-telemetered. These gages were deployed following the fires within the first few months of the 2020 water year. These rainfall data files are the raw output of the HOBO data logger file that have been converted to a csv using HOBO software version 3.7.25. These are tipping bucket gages where each bucket tip represents 0.2 mm of rainfall. The column headers for the non-telemetered gages are: #: Number of data logs recorded. Date Time, GMT-07:00: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M:S]. Event, units (Sensor IDs): Bucket tip. OregonRain4 additionally includes a temperature recording column Temp, °C (LGR S/N: 10741450, SEN S/N: 10741450, LBL: temp), which describes the temperature recorded for the timestamp in degrees C. The D7564, E6414, F0379, F9895, HGNO3, LNEO3, RWXO3, TCFO3, and WPKO3 gages are telemetered, and rainfall data were downloaded from MESOWEST (https://mesowest.utah.edu/). MESOWEST only allows for rainfall data to be downloaded at a maximum of 365 days at a time, and rainfall data associated with these telemetered gages span multiple years. The multiple years of data for each gage were combined and adjusted so that our cumulative rainfall data starts at a value of 0 at the start of our downloaded data. These data are reported in inches. The column headers for these telemetered gages are: date: Time stamp of when data event was recorded [m/d/yyyy H:M]. precip: Cumulative total of rainfall in inches.

Debris Flow, Precipitation, and Volume Measurements in the Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter June 2021-September 2022 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z7RROL This data release contains data summarizing observations within and adjacent to the Grizzly Creek Fire, which burned from 10 August to 18 December 2020. This monitoring data summarizes precipitation, observations of debris flows, and the volume of sediment eroded during debris flows triggered during the summer monsoonal period in 2021 and 2022. Summary rainfall data 2021 (1a_Storm_matrix_2021_gr1mmhr.csv) are provided in a comma-separated value (CSV) file. These data represent the maximum measured rainfall intensities during the monsoon months of 2021 (June-Sept). The columns in the csv file are: Date (m/dd/yy), Name (11 columns have unique gage names), Max 15 min (this is the maximum 15-minute rainfall intensity in mm/h for the unique gauge), Maximum Value for All Gages (this is the maximum rainfall intensity for all of the gauges in units of either mm/h or in/15 min), Peak 15-minute Intensity (in/15 min) (this is the total inches of rainfall in 15 minutes), Debris Flow (this can be 0 indicating no debris flow response, or 1 indicating a debris flow response). Note that we only display gauges that record data sufficient to produce a 15-minute rainfall intensity. Gauges with longer recording rates (e.g., 1 hour) cannot be used to compute the 15-minute rainfall intensity and are not displayed in this table. A null value (‘n/a’) populates the entries where the rain gauge did not measure a 15-minute rainfall intensity greater than 1 mm/hr. Time series rainfall data from the gauges are provided in the child item: Precipitation Data Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter. Summary rainfall data 2022 (1b_Storm_matrix_2022_gr1mmhr.csv) are provided in a comma-separated value (CSV) file. These data represent the maximum measured rainfall intensities during the monsoon months of 2022 (June-Sept). The columns in the csv file are: Date (m/dd/yy), Name (7 columns have unique gage names), Max 15 min (this is the maximum 15-minute rainfall intensity in mm/h), Peak 15-minute Intensity (in/15 min) (this is the total inches of rainfall in 15 minutes), Debris Flow (this can be 0 indicating no debris flow response, or 1 indicating a debris flow response). Note that we only display gauges that record data sufficient to produce a 15-minute rainfall intensity. Gauges with longer recording rates (e.g., 1 hour) cannot be used to compute the 15-minute rainfall intensity and are not displayed in this table. A null value (‘n/a’) populates the entries where the rain gauge did not measure a 15-minute rainfall intensity greater than 1 mm/hr. Time series rainfall data from the gauges are provided in the child item: Precipitation Data Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter. Debris Flow Observation data 2021 (2a_All_Verification_2021.csv) are provided in a comma-separated value (CSV) file. The columns in the csv file are: Year (yyyy), State, Fire Name, Fire_ID (index for the fire developed during the USGS debris flow hazard assessment), Fire_SegID (a specific index assigned by the USGS debris flow hazard assessment to the channel segment that produced the debris flow), Site Name (the name of the nearest milemarker on interstate 70), ObservationDate_mmddyyyy, ObservationLatitude_DD, ObservationLongitude_DD, DebrisFlowResponse (this can be 0 indicating no debris flow response, or 1 indicating a debris flow response), SourceOfObservation (name of the observer), StormDate_mmddyyyy, GaugeName, GaugeLatitude_DD, GaugeLongitude_DD, GaugeDist_km (distance from watershed of the debris flow observation to the nearest rain gage in km), StormAccum_mm (the total rainfall during a storm in millimeters), StormDuration_hr (the total duration of a storm in hours), Peak_I15_mm/h (the maximum 15 minute rainfall intensity in mm/h), Peak_I30_mm/h (the maximum 30 minute rainfall intensity in mm/h), Peak_I60_mm/h (the maximum 60 minute rainfall intensity in

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) installed and operated several flood and debris flow warning gages within or downstream from the Spring Creek burn scar, Colorado, U.S.A. The warning gages were operated during several years post fire (2019-21) in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). The USGS warning gages were part of a larger post-wildfire hydrometeorological observatory, comprised of both remote-sensing and in-situ instrumentation. In-situ measurements of precipitation, river surface velocity, and river stage measurements collected at USGS warning gages during select storms in 2019 and 2021 are presented in this data release. These data were used to validate estimates of rainfall accumulation from the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s mobile, X-band weather radar (NOXP) and to evaluate lag times between high intensity precipitation and peak flooding. Gages were designed to provide advanced warning of hydrologic hazards at key points that could affect CDOT infrastructure (particularly where roads crossed over rivers). USGS warning gages also provided advanced warning of hydrologic hazards to the Pueblo Weather Forecast Office, local Emergency Managers (Huerfano County, CO), and residents in the immediate area.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) installed and operated several flood and debris flow warning gages within or downstream from the Spring Creek burn scar, Colorado, U.S.A. The warning gages were operated during several years post fire (2019-21) in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). The USGS warning gages were part of a larger post-wildfire hydrometeorological observatory, comprised of both remote-sensing and in-situ instrumentation. In-situ measurements of precipitation, river surface velocity, and river stage measurements collected at USGS warning gages during select storms in 2019 and 2021 are presented in this data release. These data were used to validate estimates of rainfall accumulation from the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s mobile, X-band weather radar (NOXP) and to evaluate lag times between high intensity precipitation and peak flooding. Gages were designed to provide advanced warning of hydrologic hazards at key points that could affect CDOT infrastructure (particularly where roads crossed over rivers). USGS warning gages also provided advanced warning of hydrologic hazards to the Pueblo Weather Forecast Office, local Emergency Managers (Huerfano County, CO), and residents in the immediate area.

The data set includes temperature data from the base of the water column along the sediment interface of the East River near Crested Butte Colorado, USA, in support of ongoing study regarding groundwater/surface water exchange. The data were collected from 08/09/2016 to 08/31/2016 using a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing system that has 1.01 m spatial resolution along the linear fiber-optic cable. During data analysis, the original 10 min measurments were averaged (arithmetic mean) for the entire period to potentially indicate colder groundwater inflows. Additionally, the standard devation for the entire measurement period for each distance along the cable was calculated to indicate buffered zones (reduced temperature standard deviation) that might result from upward water flow through the streambed.

The data set includes temperature data from the base of the water column along the sediment interface of the East River near Crested Butte Colorado, USA, in support of ongoing study regarding groundwater/surface water exchange. The data were collected from 08/09/2016 to 08/31/2016 using a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing system that has 1.01 m spatial resolution along the linear fiber-optic cable. During data analysis, the original 10 min measurments were averaged (arithmetic mean) for the entire period to potentially indicate colder groundwater inflows. Additionally, the standard devation for the entire measurement period for each distance along the cable was calculated to indicate buffered zones (reduced temperature standard deviation) that might result from upward water flow through the streambed.

Rain-gages are critical instrumentation for documenting the rainfall forcing of post-wildfire hydrologic, erosional, and water-quality response. This USGS Data Release presents tipping-bucket rain gage data following two wildfires: the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire near Los Alamos, New Mexico and the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire near Boulder, Colorado. The data presented in this USGS Data Release are used for analyses that demonstrate important concepts in precipitation characteristics that relate to temporal and spatial scales. Further information regarding the location and data processing are available in the metadata.