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Debris Flow, Precipitation, and Volume Measurements in the Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter June 2021-September 2022, Glenwood Canyon, Colorado (ver. 1.1, October 2023)
Debris Flow, Precipitation, and Volume Measurements in the Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter June 2021-September 2022 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z7RROL This data release contains data summarizing observations within and adjacent to the Grizzly Creek Fire, which burned from 10 August to 18 December 2020. This monitoring data summarizes precipitation, observations of debris flows, and the volume of sediment eroded during debris flows triggered during the summer monsoonal period in 2021 and 2022. Summary rainfall data 2021 (1a_Storm_matrix_2021_gr1mmhr.csv) are provided in a comma-separated value (CSV) file. These data represent the maximum measured rainfall intensities during the monsoon months of 2021 (June-Sept). The columns in the csv file are: Date (m/dd/yy), Name (11 columns have unique gage names), Max 15 min (this is the maximum 15-minute rainfall intensity in mm/h for the unique gauge), Maximum Value for All Gages (this is the maximum rainfall intensity for all of the gauges in units of either mm/h or in/15 min), Peak 15-minute Intensity (in/15 min) (this is the total inches of rainfall in 15 minutes), Debris Flow (this can be 0 indicating no debris flow response, or 1 indicating a debris flow response). Note that we only display gauges that record data sufficient to produce a 15-minute rainfall intensity. Gauges with longer recording rates (e.g., 1 hour) cannot be used to compute the 15-minute rainfall intensity and are not displayed in this table. A null value (‘n/a’) populates the entries where the rain gauge did not measure a 15-minute rainfall intensity greater than 1 mm/hr. Time series rainfall data from the gauges are provided in the child item: Precipitation Data Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter. Summary rainfall data 2022 (1b_Storm_matrix_2022_gr1mmhr.csv) are provided in a comma-separated value (CSV) file. These data represent the maximum measured rainfall intensities during the monsoon months of 2022 (June-Sept). The columns in the csv file are: Date (m/dd/yy), Name (7 columns have unique gage names), Max 15 min (this is the maximum 15-minute rainfall intensity in mm/h), Peak 15-minute Intensity (in/15 min) (this is the total inches of rainfall in 15 minutes), Debris Flow (this can be 0 indicating no debris flow response, or 1 indicating a debris flow response). Note that we only display gauges that record data sufficient to produce a 15-minute rainfall intensity. Gauges with longer recording rates (e.g., 1 hour) cannot be used to compute the 15-minute rainfall intensity and are not displayed in this table. A null value (‘n/a’) populates the entries where the rain gauge did not measure a 15-minute rainfall intensity greater than 1 mm/hr. Time series rainfall data from the gauges are provided in the child item: Precipitation Data Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter. Debris Flow Observation data 2021 (2a_All_Verification_2021.csv) are provided in a comma-separated value (CSV) file. The columns in the csv file are: Year (yyyy), State, Fire Name, Fire_ID (index for the fire developed during the USGS debris flow hazard assessment), Fire_SegID (a specific index assigned by the USGS debris flow hazard assessment to the channel segment that produced the debris flow), Site Name (the name of the nearest milemarker on interstate 70), ObservationDate_mmddyyyy, ObservationLatitude_DD, ObservationLongitude_DD, DebrisFlowResponse (this can be 0 indicating no debris flow response, or 1 indicating a debris flow response), SourceOfObservation (name of the observer), StormDate_mmddyyyy, GaugeName, GaugeLatitude_DD, GaugeLongitude_DD, GaugeDist_km (distance from watershed of the debris flow observation to the nearest rain gage in km), StormAccum_mm (the total rainfall during a storm in millimeters), StormDuration_hr (the total duration of a storm in hours), Peak_I15_mm/h (the maximum 15 minute rainfall intensity in mm/h), Peak_I30_mm/h (the maximum 30 minute rainfall intensity in mm/h), Peak_I60_mm/h (the maximum 60 minute rainfall intensity in
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Modeling data for burn severity of the East Troublesome and Grizzly Creek for integration with post-fire debris flow in the upper Colorado River basin, USA
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These data were compiled for/to provide an example and assess methods and results of pre-fire estimation of predicted differenced normalized burn ration (dNBR) for predicting post-fire debris flow hazard classification. Objective(s) of our study were to develop predictive models for burn severity, using variables of pre-fire conditions, for two large wildfires from 2020 in Colorado, USA. These data represent pre-fire predictions of post-fire differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) as a proxy of burn severity and further understand pre-fire modeling of burn severity. These data were collected/created in the fire perimeters the East Troublesome Fire (10/14/2020 – 11/30/2020) and the Grizzly Creek Fire (8/10/2020 – 12/18/2020), Colorado, USA. These data were collected/created by use of random forest modeling of variables representing pre-fire conditions (satellite spectral data, landscape biophysical data, GIS topographic data, and meteorological/climate data) against observed estimates of post-fire difference in normalized burn ratio (dNBR). These data can be used to provide estimates of burn severity for post-fire hazard analysis.
Modeling data for burn severity of the East Troublesome and Grizzly Creek for integration with post-fire debris flow in the upper Colorado River basin, USA
공공데이터포털
These data were compiled for/to provide an example and assess methods and results of pre-fire estimation of predicted differenced normalized burn ration (dNBR) for predicting post-fire debris flow hazard classification. Objective(s) of our study were to develop predictive models for burn severity, using variables of pre-fire conditions, for two large wildfires from 2020 in Colorado, USA. These data represent pre-fire predictions of post-fire differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) as a proxy of burn severity and further understand pre-fire modeling of burn severity. These data were collected/created in the fire perimeters the East Troublesome Fire (10/14/2020 – 11/30/2020) and the Grizzly Creek Fire (8/10/2020 – 12/18/2020), Colorado, USA. These data were collected/created by use of random forest modeling of variables representing pre-fire conditions (satellite spectral data, landscape biophysical data, GIS topographic data, and meteorological/climate data) against observed estimates of post-fire difference in normalized burn ratio (dNBR). These data can be used to provide estimates of burn severity for post-fire hazard analysis.
Airborne Lidar Data (2016 and 2021) Capturing Debris Flow Erosion and Deposition after the Grizzly Creek Fire in Glenwood Canyon, Colorado
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This dataset contains lidar digital elevation models (DEMs). The lidar data were collected before (2016) and after (2021) the Grizzly Creek Fire, which occurred in 2020. The 2016 lidar was collected during a series of flights between 10 June and 7 October 2016. The 2021 lidar flight was conducted in full on 24 August 2021. The files are named with the following convention: Vendor_Year_Resolution_merged_Watershed. The vendor is either Merrick (2016 data) or Sanborn (2021), the year is either 2016 or 2021, the resolution is 1 meter in both cases, and the watershed is labeled as HUC1, HUC2, HUC3_N_side, or HUC3_S_side. Additionally, the files from the individual vendors were uploaded to two separate compressed folders: Merrick_2016_1m_merged_HUCx.zip and Sanborn_2021_1m_merged_HUCx.zip.
Airborne Lidar Data (2016 and 2021) Capturing Debris Flow Erosion and Deposition after the Grizzly Creek Fire in Glenwood Canyon, Colorado
공공데이터포털
This dataset contains lidar digital elevation models (DEMs). The lidar data were collected before (2016) and after (2021) the Grizzly Creek Fire, which occurred in 2020. The 2016 lidar was collected during a series of flights between 10 June and 7 October 2016. The 2021 lidar flight was conducted in full on 24 August 2021. The files are named with the following convention: Vendor_Year_Resolution_merged_Watershed. The vendor is either Merrick (2016 data) or Sanborn (2021), the year is either 2016 or 2021, the resolution is 1 meter in both cases, and the watershed is labeled as HUC1, HUC2, HUC3_N_side, or HUC3_S_side. Additionally, the files from the individual vendors were uploaded to two separate compressed folders: Merrick_2016_1m_merged_HUCx.zip and Sanborn_2021_1m_merged_HUCx.zip.
Inventory of debris flows in burned (2020-2022) and unburned (1995-2020) areas in the western Cascade Range of Oregon
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This data release contains two debris-flow inventories summarizing observations from burned and unburned areas in the western Cascade Range of Oregon (OR). The burned inventory focuses on debris flows that occurred during the first two years after the 2020 Archie Creek, Holiday Farm, Beachie Creek/Lionshead, and Riverside fires (OR_field_observations.csv). The unburned inventory (1995-2022) focuses on debris flows in the same areas (excluding the Riverside Fire). The inventories are derived from field observations (OR_field_observations.csv) and aerial imagery (OR_imagery_observations.csv). They include mapped debris-flow initiation locations, descriptions of the inferred initiation process, other notable site characteristics, and rainfall data. Locations of debris flows observed after wildfires are also linked to USGS postfire debris-flow hazard assessments (USGS, 2022; Staley and others, 2017; Thomas and others 2023). Rainfall characteristics for each debris flow in the inventory are derived from the closest rainfall gage to an observed debris flow (gage_locations.csv). Peak rainfall rates during the known time window of debris-flow initiation are reported for durations of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours. More detailed explanations of the headers for each of these csv files can be found within the README_csvname.txt file. References: Landslide Hazards Program. (n.d.). Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards. U.S. Geological Survey. https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow Staley, D. M., Negri, J. A., Kean, J. W., Laber, J. L., Tillery, A. C., and Youberg, A. M., 2017, Prediction of spatially explicit rainfall intensity–duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States. Geomorphology, 278, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.019 Thomas, M. A., Kean, J. W., McCoy, S. W., Lindsay, D. N., Kostelnik, J., Cavagnaro, D. B., Rengers, F. K., East, A. E., Schwartz, J. Y., Smith, D. P., and Collins, B. D., 2023, Postfire hydrologic response along the Central California (USA) coast: insights for the emergency assessment of postfire debris-flow hazards. Landslides, 20, 2421-2436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02106-7
Inventory of debris flows in burned (2020-2022) and unburned (1995-2020) areas in the western Cascade Range of Oregon
공공데이터포털
This data release contains two debris-flow inventories summarizing observations from burned and unburned areas in the western Cascade Range of Oregon (OR). The burned inventory focuses on debris flows that occurred during the first two years after the 2020 Archie Creek, Holiday Farm, Beachie Creek/Lionshead, and Riverside fires (OR_field_observations.csv). The unburned inventory (1995-2022) focuses on debris flows in the same areas (excluding the Riverside Fire). The inventories are derived from field observations (OR_field_observations.csv) and aerial imagery (OR_imagery_observations.csv). They include mapped debris-flow initiation locations, descriptions of the inferred initiation process, other notable site characteristics, and rainfall data. Locations of debris flows observed after wildfires are also linked to USGS postfire debris-flow hazard assessments (USGS, 2022; Staley and others, 2017; Thomas and others 2023). Rainfall characteristics for each debris flow in the inventory are derived from the closest rainfall gage to an observed debris flow (gage_locations.csv). Peak rainfall rates during the known time window of debris-flow initiation are reported for durations of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, and 48 hours. More detailed explanations of the headers for each of these csv files can be found within the README_csvname.txt file. References: Landslide Hazards Program. (n.d.). Emergency assessment of post-fire debris-flow hazards. U.S. Geological Survey. https://landslides.usgs.gov/hazards/postfire_debrisflow Staley, D. M., Negri, J. A., Kean, J. W., Laber, J. L., Tillery, A. C., and Youberg, A. M., 2017, Prediction of spatially explicit rainfall intensity–duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States. Geomorphology, 278, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.019 Thomas, M. A., Kean, J. W., McCoy, S. W., Lindsay, D. N., Kostelnik, J., Cavagnaro, D. B., Rengers, F. K., East, A. E., Schwartz, J. Y., Smith, D. P., and Collins, B. D., 2023, Postfire hydrologic response along the Central California (USA) coast: insights for the emergency assessment of postfire debris-flow hazards. Landslides, 20, 2421-2436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02106-7
Precipitation Data Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter
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This data release contains all of the available raw rainfall data from the Grizzly Creek Fire perimeter from September 2020 through September 2022. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of the data. The locations of the stations are available in the file named (4_Gauge_Location.csv) in the parent data release. The rain gauge data were obtained using two different methods. The gauges named: ‘USGS_’ are non-telemetered gauges and each timestamp represents a bucket tip. The columns in each csv for these gauges includes an Index, Date Time, Name, Serial Number, and Tipping Bucket depth (in units of millmeters). Gauges GCCC2, GCDC2, GCEC2, GCFC2, GCIC2, GCNC2, GCTC2 were operated by the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center (USGS COWSC), and provisional data from these gages were obtained remotely via telemetry. Gauge TT394 was operated by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and provisional data from this gage was obtained remotely via telemetry. The USGS COWSC and BLM data have three columns: Date_Time, precip_intervals_set_1d (the depth in millimeters at a timestamp), and precip_accumulated_set_1d (the total accumulated rainfall depth in millimeters). Note that in some cases the data are discontinuous. One rain gauge, Bair Ranch, was operated by the Colorado Department of Transportation in 2021. These data are broken up into different files due to long data discontinuities. The naming format is: Bair_Ranch_start_YYYYMMDD_endYYYYMMDD, indicating the starting and ending year (YYYY), month (MM), and day (DD). These data have two columns Date/Time and 6hr Accum (inches of precipitation in 6 hours). Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the rainfall data obtained from the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center, Colorado Department of Transportation, and the Bureau of Land Management.
Precipitation Data Grizzly Creek Burn Perimeter
공공데이터포털
This data release contains all of the available raw rainfall data from the Grizzly Creek Fire perimeter from September 2020 through September 2022. The csv files here are organized by the station name and followed by the year of the data. The locations of the stations are available in the file named (4_Gauge_Location.csv) in the parent data release. The rain gauge data were obtained using two different methods. The gauges named: ‘USGS_’ are non-telemetered gauges and each timestamp represents a bucket tip. The columns in each csv for these gauges includes an Index, Date Time, Name, Serial Number, and Tipping Bucket depth (in units of millmeters). Gauges GCCC2, GCDC2, GCEC2, GCFC2, GCIC2, GCNC2, GCTC2 were operated by the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center (USGS COWSC), and provisional data from these gages were obtained remotely via telemetry. Gauge TT394 was operated by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and provisional data from this gage was obtained remotely via telemetry. The USGS COWSC and BLM data have three columns: Date_Time, precip_intervals_set_1d (the depth in millimeters at a timestamp), and precip_accumulated_set_1d (the total accumulated rainfall depth in millimeters). Note that in some cases the data are discontinuous. One rain gauge, Bair Ranch, was operated by the Colorado Department of Transportation in 2021. These data are broken up into different files due to long data discontinuities. The naming format is: Bair_Ranch_start_YYYYMMDD_endYYYYMMDD, indicating the starting and ending year (YYYY), month (MM), and day (DD). These data have two columns Date/Time and 6hr Accum (inches of precipitation in 6 hours). Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the rainfall data obtained from the U.S.Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center, Colorado Department of Transportation, and the Bureau of Land Management.
Precipitation, river surface velocity, and river stage measurements within the Spring Creek Burn Scar, Colorado, USA, during select storms in 2019 and 2021
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) installed and operated several flood and debris flow warning gages within or downstream from the Spring Creek burn scar, Colorado, U.S.A. The warning gages were operated during several years post fire (2019-21) in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). The USGS warning gages were part of a larger post-wildfire hydrometeorological observatory, comprised of both remote-sensing and in-situ instrumentation. In-situ measurements of precipitation, river surface velocity, and river stage measurements collected at USGS warning gages during select storms in 2019 and 2021 are presented in this data release. These data were used to validate estimates of rainfall accumulation from the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s mobile, X-band weather radar (NOXP) and to evaluate lag times between high intensity precipitation and peak flooding. Gages were designed to provide advanced warning of hydrologic hazards at key points that could affect CDOT infrastructure (particularly where roads crossed over rivers). USGS warning gages also provided advanced warning of hydrologic hazards to the Pueblo Weather Forecast Office, local Emergency Managers (Huerfano County, CO), and residents in the immediate area.
Post-wildfire rain gage data for Fourmile Canyon, Colorado
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This Data Release section presents tipping-bucket rain gage data collected following the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire near Boulder, Colorado. Further details are provided in: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5236 and https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hyp.9424.
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